Energy Availability (EA) refers to the energy obtained from oral nutrition that has been left over after exercise or training. Every energy goals for student-athletes is to be able to adjust to their dietary intake to help cover all the energy that has been lost from exercise and training.
Some factors that influence EA levels are increasing training and physical activity, decreasing food intake or a combination of food.
When EA levels are extremely low it causes hormonal, metabolic and functional disruption in both men and women. Disruption in these three areas affect metabolic rate, bone health, immunity, protein synthesis, cardiovascular, psychological health and menstrual function.
Examples of EA deficiency are:
⚫ Increased fat stores in the body
⚫ Increased cholesterol
⚫ Impaired ability to use glucose for energy
⚫ Decreased body's production of growth hormones
In women, low EA levels greatly affect menstrual function and bone health, this is known as the Female Athlete Triad. *When hormones disrupt the menstrual cycle, there is a lack of oxygen being delivered to the body and the working muscles. This results in a fatigue and impairs the muscles ability to use oxygen during training.
Symptom Watcher
Here is a list of symptoms you might experience if you are not correctly managing your energy. This is an indicator that nutrition might be a key factor!
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Energy Management
Being able to recognize some of the symptoms early gives time to correct low EA levels. It is vital talk to your Sports Dietitian or Sports Medicine provider on what should be your first step to improve performance and decrease long-term health problems caused by low EA levels. Below are some ideas to help manage your energy and improve performance.
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