History 574 – Recent and Contemporary U.S. History

Syllabus and Survival Guide

Spring 2008

Thursday 7:00 pm – 9:50 pm, Sierra Hall 102

 

Instructor

 

Dr. Thomas W. Devine

Phone: (818) 677-3550 Email

Office Hours: Sierra Tower 624, TuTh 1:00-2:00 and by appointment gladly given.

 

Reading

 

The following books – listed in the order in which we will read them – are available at the Matador Bookstore (with the exception of those marked with an * which are out of print).  All other readings will be provided in class. To subvert the system and to save yourself some money, you should consider buying used copies of the books.  You are likely to find used or discounted copies at significantly lower prices at the following websites: www.bookfinder.com; www.half.com; www.amazon.com.

 

• Ralph P. Levering, et al., Debating the Origins of the Cold War (Rowman & Littlefield, 2002)

• John E. Haynes, Red Scare or Red Menace? (Ivan R Dee,1996)

• Lionel Trilling, The Middle of the Journey (1947; New York Review of Books, 2002)

• Reinhold Niebhur, The Irony of American History (1952; Scribner, 1985)*

• Sloan Wilson, The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit (1955; Four Walls Eight Windows, 2002)

• Thomas Hine, Populuxe (1986; Overlook TP Books, 2007)

• W. J. Rorabaugh, Kennedy and the Promise of the Sixties (Cambridge, 2004)

• Gareth Davies, From Opportunity to Entitlement: The Transformation and Decline of Great Society Liberalism (Kansas, 1996)

• Clayborne Carson, In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s (1981; Harvard University Press, 1995)

• Michael H. Hunt, Lyndon Johnson's War (Hill and Wang, 1996)

• David Allyn, Make Love, Not War: The Sexual Revolution, An Unfettered History (Routledge, 2001)

• Melvin Small, The Presidency of Richard M. Nixon (Kansas, 1999)

• Philip Jenkins, Decade of Nightmares: The End of the Sixties and the Making of Eighties America (Oxford, 2006)

• Robert M. Collins, Transforming America: Politics and Culture During the Reagan Years (Columbia, 2006)

• John F. Harris, The Survivor: Bill Clinton in the White House (Random House, 2005)

 

Spirit of the Course

 

This course will offer an interpretive survey of political, economic, cultural, and social trends in the United States since 1945.  If all goes according to plan, you will leave in May with a broader and deeper knowledge of the events of this period and their significance in shaping present day U.S. society.  It is my hope that you will also finish the course with something more: a rich sense of the “fabric” of this era – a feel for how people lived their daily lives, the tragedies they suffered, and the triumphs they celebrated; an appreciation for the ideas, ideologies, fads, and follies that intrigued and seduced them; an understanding of the problems and tough decisions that confronted both everyday people and top policy makers; and, perhaps most importantly, a recognition of the contingencies of history and an empathy for the historical actors who benefited from or fell victim to these contingencies.

 

Since the end of the cold war has forced historians to re-think much of what has been said about the post-World War II period, I have made a special effort to assign readings that represent the latest (if not always the most widely held) views on various topics.  You will notice that the readings throughout the course come from various ideological and political perspectives.  I encourage you to be critical of both the readings and what I say in class when you find the arguments expressed to be unpersuasive. (More often that not, what I’m saying is meant to provoke a critical rejoinder and I will eagerly defend the most outrageous positions just for the joy of playing devil’s advocate.)

 

I have also tried to vary the kinds of sources we will examine – you will read traditional historical scholarship as well as fiction, personal memoirs, oral histories, contemporary works of political and cultural criticism, song lyrics, primary documents, and – an old favorite of mine – the story of “Tootle the Train.” 

 

Themes

 

Though we will be covering a wide variety of topics, there are certain themes that we will be revisiting throughout the course of the semester:

 

  • the relationship between Cold War diplomacy and domestic politics
  • the impact of anti-communism on American politics and society
  • the Cold War’s effect on American popular culture (and vice versa)
  • the contentious relationship between “Vital Center” liberalism and its critics on the left and the right
  • changing attitudes regarding race, gender, and the rights of the individual versus the rights of the group
  • the Cold War’s influence on American intellectuals and intellectual life
  • the export of the “American Way of Life” during the postwar period and its celebratory and tragic consequences
  • the factors accounting for the rise and fall conservative and progressive social movements
  • disputes among Americans over what constitutes a “good society”

 

You will also have the opportunity to follow the historiography that has developed around the topics we will explore.  Though the emphasis of the course will not be on historiographical issues, I will introduce and we will all discuss scholarly controversies where appropriate.

 

Grading

 

Class Participation                                       --40%

Critique                                                       --10%

Semester Project [Due by 11:59 pm May 11]  --30%

FINAL ESSAY [Due by 11:59 pm May 15]      --20%

 

Explanation of Requirements

 

Completing the Reading

There’s no getting around it – this class requires a lot of reading.  But, as a Masters level seminar, it is supposed to.  To succeed in this course, you will need to complete the reading, but you will also need to have given it some thought.  Read with a pencil in hand – take notes in the margins.  Record terms that are unfamiliar to you or that you don’t understand, points that you find interesting or surprising, arguments with which you strongly agree or disagree, methods of research or analysis that seem especially creative or insightful (or misguided and silly), or ideas that connect to things we’ve talked about in previous classes.  Also, read smart – don’t read every single word of the first 4 chapters and nothing thereafter because you ran out of time. If you catch the argument the author is making, don’t sweat all the details or supporting examples – skim over them and get on to the next major point.  It is more important to have gotten the gist of an entire book than to master every aspect of the first one-third of it.

 

Participation in Discussion

This is a seminar-style course in which active participation in the weekly discussions is crucial to the class’s success.  Our meetings will be conversations – free, open, and informal exchanges of ideas based on the assigned readings – and I expect everyone to take part.  I will do my best to insure each student has ample opportunity to contribute, but, ultimately, it will be up to you to make certain that you remain an active participant rather than a passive observer.

 

Leading Discussion

One person will be responsible for leading the discussion each week.  That person will compose a list of 8 questions that address the major themes and issues raised in the reading. Each discussion leader should meet with me briefly to go over his or her questions. (This exchange can also be done via email.) Optimally, the discussion leader will have finished writing the questions at least 24 hours before the seminar so I can distribute them to everyone via email attachment. Though this is not required, to spice up your presentation, I encourage you to include some audio-visual component in the discussion you lead.  This could entail showing a short clip from documentary footage or from a movie discussed in the reading, playing an excerpt from a radio program, song, or musical performance, displaying illustrations, primary documents, etc.  Feel free to ask me for suggestions.  Your leading of discussion will not receive a grade per se, but will be taken into account in the calculation of your participation grade.

 

Précis

One person will be responsible for producing a single-spaced 2-page précis of the readings for each week.  This assignment is meant to be a summary rather than a review, though you may give an overall evaluation of the book in the final paragraph.  The person who writes the précis will email an e-copy to me as an attachment and I will provide each member of the seminar with a copy at the beginning of class. This assignment, too, will not receive a grade per se, though in calculating your participation grade, I will take into account the quality of and amount of effort you appear to have put in to your précis. For further instructions on how to write a précis CLICK HERE

 

Oral Presentation/Written Critique

One person will be responsible for producing a single-spaced 2-page critique of the assigned reading each week. This may be handled in one of four ways:

1) a summary of the book’s critical reception and your own reaction to it

2) a historiographical review that explains where the assigned book or articles fit within the existing secondary literature (you might counter pose the assigned reading against a book or article that takes a contrary point of view).

3) a brief essay that focuses on a particular theme or argument in the week’s reading that you found especially interesting and wanted to explore further in other sources.

4) a report grounded in primary sources in which you examine such sources to see if they lead you to the same kinds of interpretations that the author offers.

I can provide you with both primary source suggestions and historiographical background, so don’t hesitate to ask.  Also, though it is not required, feel free to include an audio-visual component if you think it would enhance your presentation.  At some point during class, usually right after the break, you will have the floor to present your findings and field questions from the class. Please do not extend your presentation beyond 15 minutes.  The written critique will be due a week from the date of your presentation. Your grade will be based on the written product and the quality of your oral presentation.  The quality of an oral presentation is judged on how organized and prepared you are in your delivery.

  

Semester Project

Select a topic from the period covered in the course that you find to be of interest and do some outside reading on it.  Your choice of focus need not be directly related to the material covered in the course.  Indeed, this is your opportunity to investigate a subject area that the course may neglect.  I recommend drawing on a variety of books and articles.  The more sources you incorporate, the more thorough your essay will be.  (There are no hard and fast rules regarding the number of sources, but anything under five will likely produce a rather thin piece of historical analysis.) After your reading has made you an “expert” on the topic, summarize your findings and offer your own insights in a double-spaced 10-12 page essay

 

Final Essay

In a double-spaced 8-10 page essay due at the end of the semester, you will answer a question that will be directly related to the major themes of the course.  In responding, you will draw only from material in the assigned reading; no outside reading or research will be necessary.

 

Bringing Food

On one occasion during the semester, each person will bring a snack for the entire class to enjoy at the break. Optimally, your culinary contribution will be related in some way to that week’s discussion topic. Creativity and originality are always appreciated.

 

Surviving History 574…

 

Attendance

Since class meets only once a week, it is important, and it is expected, that you will be at every session.  Inevitably, an occasion may arise when you are unable to attend.  Out of fairness to your classmates who do attend every week, however, each absence past the first two will adversely affect your final grade.  Also, given the heavy weight placed on in-class discussion, any absence is likely to detract from your participation grade.  To make up for a missed class, you may turn in a 2-page, single-spaced précis summarizing the reading for the class you missed.

 

Problems

I appreciate that most CSUN graduate students are stretching themselves quite thin, often working full time while taking classes at night.  If you are feeling overwhelmed, find yourself falling behind, or are having any problems outside of class that are adversely affecting your performance in class, be sure to let me know.  Do not wait until the end of the semester when it will be too late.  I am more than willing to work with you to insure you “survive,” but I need to know you are having difficulties.  You will find that as long as you keep me up to speed, I will be very sympathetic.

 

Research Resources on the Web

 

The Cold War International History Project

CNN Interactive: The Cold War

The Harvard Project on Cold War Studies

The Stalin-Era Research & Archives Project

Literature and Culture of the American 1950s

 

 

Discussion Topics and Assignments

 

 

Schedule

 

Jan. 24        Iron Curtains and Tin Ears: The Origins of the Cold War

 

Reading:

• Ralph Levering, Vladimir O. Pechatnov, et al, Debating the Origins of the Cold War (Rowman and Littlefield, 2002)

                   • Melvyn P. Leffler, “The Interpretive Wars Over the Cold War, 1945-1960” from Gordon Martel, ed., American Foreign Relations Reconsidered, 1890-1993 (Cambridge, 1994)

                   • John Lewis Gaddis, “Two Very Different Empires,” from We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History (Oxford, 1997)

                   • Geoffrey Roberts, “Stalin and Soviet Foreign Policy,” from Melvyn P. Leffler and David S. Painter, eds., Origins of the Cold War: An International History 2nd ed. (Routledge, 2005)

 

 

                   PRECIS

 

Jan. 31        Reds Under the Bed and in the State Department: The Politics and Culture of Anticommunism

 

                   Reading:

• John Earl Haynes, Red Scare or Red Menace?

Stephen J. Whitfield, The Culture of the Cold War 2nd edition, pp. 1-51, 101-126, 231-241

Gertrude Crampton, “Tootle” (Golden Press, 1945)

 

Recommended Film:

“Point of Order”

 

PRECIS

 

 

Feb. 7          Retreat from Radicalism: “Progressives” Confront the Cold War

 

Reading:

• Lionel Trilling, The Middle of the Journey

Lionel Trilling, The Middle of the Journey [Introduction]

Leslie Fiedler, “Hiss, Chambers, and the Age of Innocence” 1-26

Arthur Koestler, “The Complex Issue of the Ex-Communists” 49-56

[both from Alger Hiss, Whittaker Chambers, and the Schism in the American Soul, ed. Patrick A. Swan (ISI Books, 2003) ]

 

Feb. 14        Irony, Ambiguity, Complexity: The Intellectual Foundations of Postwar Liberalism

 

                   Reading:

Reinhold Niebuhr, The Irony of American History

Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Vital Center (Houghton Mifflin, 1949) Chapters 1, 4, 7, 11

Kevin Mattson, “Revisiting the Vital Center” Dissent (Winter 2005)

 

PRECIS

 

 

Feb. 21        NO CLASS

 

 

Feb. 28        “I’ll Take It!” ‘50s Consumer Culture from Tailfins to TV Dinners

 

                   Reading:

• Thomas Hine, Populuxe

William H. Whyte, The Organization Man, Part I

Shelley Nickles, “More is Better: Mass Consumption, Gender, and Class Identity in Postwar America,” American Quarterly 54, 4 (December 2002): 581-622.

                  

Web Links on 1950s Popular and Material Culture

                  

                   “Fifties Web”

 

Mar. 6         “Company Men and Suburban Housewives” Domestic Life in the ‘50s

 

Reading:

Sloan Wilson, The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit

Joanne Meyerowitz, “Beyond the Feminine Mystique: A Reassessment of Postwar Mass Culture, 1946-1958” in Not June Cleaver: Women and Gender in Postwar America, 1945-1960, Meyerowitz, ed. (Temple, 1994): 229-262.

 

Recommended Film:

“The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit” (1957)

 

Recommended Reading:

Wilfred M. McClay, “The Hipster and the Organization Man”

 

Mar. 13       “A Promising Time” Optimism and Idealism in the Early ‘60s

 

Reading:

W.J. Rorabaugh, Kennedy and the Promise of the Sixties

 

 

Mar. 20       SPRING BREAK

                  

 

Mar. 27       “Building a Great Society”  LBJ and the Apex of Postwar Liberalism

 

Reading:

Gareth Davies, From Opportunity to Entitlement

 

PRECIS

 

 

Apr. 3          “The Second Reconstruction:” Civil Rights at the Grass Roots

                  

Reading:

Clayborne Carson, In Struggle

 

Recommended Film:

“Freedom on my Mind” [Available for viewing at Oviatt Library]

 

PRECIS

 

 

Apr. 10        “That Bitch of a War:” The Vietnamese Conflict and the Shattering of the Liberal Consensus

 

Reading:

Michael H. Hunt, Lyndon Johnson’s War

                   Gary R. Hess, “The Unending Debate: Historians and the Vietnam War,” Diplomatic History 18 (Spring 1994)

 

                   Recommended Film:

                   “The Fog of War” [Available for viewing at Oviatt Library]

 

                   PRECIS

 

Apr. 17        Everybody’s Doing It:” The Counterculture and the Sexual Revolution

 

Reading:

David Allyn, Make Love, Not War

 

 Apr. 24       “…But When he was Bad he was Horrid:” The Tragedy of Richard Nixon 

 

                   Reading:

                   Melvin Small, The Presidency of Richard M. Nixon

 

May 1          “The Stewardess is Flying the Plane!!!”  Paranoia and Panic in the 1970s

 

Reading:

Philip Jenkins, Decade of Nightmares

 

May 8          “The Perils of Prosperity:” The Reagan ‘80s

                  

Reading:

Robert M. Collins, Transforming America

 

PRECIS

 

May 15        Prosperity and Prurience:” Bill Clinton and the Postmodern Presidency

 

                   Reading:

John F. Harris, The Survivor