MYTH TOOLS


	MYTH TOOLS

HISTORICAL CRITICS

-Hecataeus of Miletus: "Many are the tales (mythoi) told by the Greeks, and in my view they are laughable."

ETYMOLOGY

The name is the game: the name of a thing contains the essence of the thing. Knowing the name gives power over the thing. Nominalism/Antinomialism. Magical words (abracadabra, hocus pocus)
"And God said, "Let there be light".
"Homer" "the one who does not see", "the prisoner"
"Daphne" 'laurel' (photo above: Apollo and Daphne, Bernini)

[Barry B. Powell, Classical Myth seventh edition (2011), pp. 68 ('Homer'); 179-181(Apollo and Daphne); 686-688 (etymology); 692; 701-702 (19th century linguistics and solar mythology)]

AETIOLOGY

The Greek word ‘aition’ means ‘cause’. Causes: Why is something the way it is? e.g. Why are there "Vestal Virgins"? (story of Rhea Silvia) Why is 'Daphne' Apollo's girlfriend?

[Barry B. Powell, Classical Myth (2011), p. 650-652 (Aeneas in Italy)]

METEOROLOGY

Natural phenomena. e.g. Max Müller: sun (Helios & Phaeton), rain (Zeus), lightning (Cyclopes)

[Barry B. Powell, Classical Myth (2011), p. 701-702 (solar mythology)]

RITUAL (anthropological theories)

-(Demeter at Eleusis)
-Sir James Frazer, The Golden Bough totem
-Walter Burkert Homo Necans: The Anthropology of Ancient Greek Sacrificial Ritual and Myth : (1972; 1983)

-[Barry B. Powell, Classical Myth (2011), Ch. 10; and pp. 700-701 ]

ICONOGRAPHY

Apollo at Delphi, seated on omphalos "eikon" pictures: mythological stories conveyed by visual means, e.g. on Greek vases, on wall paintings.

At left: Apollo, at Delphi, seated on the sacred stone (the omphalos), his lyre at his knees. He is holding his sacred laurel tree in his hand (Daphne). The sacred tripod is at the left. The coin was issued by the "Amphictyones", the international Board that ran the sanctuary.

Examples:

St. Catherine of Alexandria, and Nemesis
"Saint Christopher"
Aeneas fleeing Troy;
Raphael's version of the flight story
[Barry B. Powell, Classical Myth (2011), p. 644-648; 692.]
Isis, Osiris and Horus, Isis Queen of Heaven, Isis Savior of Ships; Mary, Queen of Heaven, Mary, Star of the Sea.

On the story of "St. Catherine of Alexandria", see: CATHERINE. The Catholic Encyclopedia.
On the story of "St. Christopher", see: CHRISTOPHER. Another: Analysis.

EUHEMERISM

[B. Powell, Classical Myth (2011), p. 688-690]

ANCIENT PHILOSOPHICAL CRITICISM:

-Xenophanes of Colophon: anthropomorphism, ethnocentrism (the Jesus example) and ethnocentrism (the Mary example)

[B. Powell, Classical Myth (2011), pp. 685-686]

MANA

Mana, not manna. Anthopological interpretations. Spiritual ‘electricity’ ( James G. Frazer, The Golden Bough (pp. 699-700); Bronislaw Malinowski, Magic, Science and Religion (pp. 700-701); H. J. Rose)

[B. Powell, Classical Myth (2011), p. 699-701 ] Blood and Mana (Torah)

MOTHER GODDESSES

e.g. Robert Graves, The White Goddess;
Marija Gimbutas, The Living Goddesses: indigenous, Neolithic matrifocal or matriarchal societies; ‘Kurganic’ incursions; ‘rape motifs’

Arthur Evans and Minoan Civilization (the people of Knossos, on the Island of Crete)

TRIPARTITE FUNCTION THEORY

(Indo-European philology: Georges Dumezil, Jaan Puhvel, Emile Durkheim The Division of Labor in Society)

[B. Powell, Classical Myth (2011), p. 702-703; 711 ]

STRUCTURALISM

bipartite theory (‘bipolar opposites’): Claude Lévi-Strauss, Structuralism; The Raw and the Cooked

[B. Powell, Classical Myth (2011), p. 705-707.]

PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES:

-Sigmund Freud (Oedipus complex, Electra complex, libido, The Interpretation of Dreams, Jokes and their Relation to the Unconscious, Civilization and its Discontents)

-Carl Jung (‘racial unconscious’, now called ‘collective unconscious’; animus/anima, archetypes)

[B. Powell, Classical Myth (2011), p. 703-705.]

Revised 02/08/2012