SEDE VACANTE 1394

(Avignon Obedience)

September 16, 1394 —September 28, 1394

New Cardinals

Cardinal Robert of Geneva (Clement VII) was elected on September 20, 1378 at Fondi, by thirteen Cardinals (out of a total of twenty-two) who had been intimidated and threatened into electing Bartolomeo Prignano, but who, as soon as they were free, renounced their allegiance to "Pope Urban VI".  Their rejection of Bartolomeo Prignano was nearly unanimous, only one cardinal (Francesco Tebaldeschi) being too old and infirm to be able to escape the Vatican Palace. Their claim was that Urban's election had been carried out in the midst of violence and fear, and that therefore it was not a free election. The election of Clement was carried out by a two-thirds majority of the Cardinals who had been present at the first and uncanonical election of "Urban VI". Three more Cardinals, all Italians, were present in Fondi, but did not take part in the "election"; two of them later joined Clement VII after the third died. Six other cardinals had not left Avignon when Gregory XI moved to Rome; they remained in Avignon during both conclaves of 1378, and participated in neither.

On twelve occasions Clement VII created new cardinals, a total of thirty-four additions. Sixteen of these had died before Clement himself.

Death of Pope Clement VII

Pope Clement VII (1378-1394) died on Wednesday, September 16, 1394, around 6 p.m., in the Papal Palace at Avignon ["Narratio de morte Clementis VII et electione Benedicti XIII," Baluzius I, 562; Muratori RIS III.2, 771. The "Acta electionis Benedicti XIII" states that it was inter nonam et deciman horam; Baluzius I, 565]. He had suffered a brief illness, and had a seizure as he was returning to his rooms after having heard Mass ["Prima Vita Clementis VII", Baluzius I, 538; Chrostophe III, 138].   Jean Juvenal des Ursins (p. 397ed. Michaud et Poujoulat) says, "le seiziesme jour de septembre cheut malade d' apoplexie, dont il mourut comme soudainement." Clement (Robert of Geneva) was a native of Geneva of the ruling family of counts of Geneva. The Cardinals were present at the event (See "Narratio de morte Clementis VII et electione Benedicti XIII," in Baluzius I, 561-565, in which the author claims to have been an eyewitness), except for Cardinals Jacobus de Aragonia (who was in Aragon on personal business concerning the diocese of Valencia), Johannes de Novocastro (who was in Lorraine), and Amadeo de Saluzzo. The "Narratio de morte Clementis VII " (Muratori, 772) adds that Galeotto Petramalari was not there at the deathbed, but arrived in time for the funeral: "lite hac die non erat praesens, sed in beneficio suo de Bolina. Venit tamen post, et interfuit sepulturae Galeotus de Petramala de Aretio in Tuscia, Sancti Georgii ad Velumaureum."

On Friday, September 18, the body of the late pope was removed from the chapel of the Palace and carried to S. Marie de Doms, the Cathedral church of Avignon, where the Cardinals awaited it. Cardinal Leonardo Rossi da Giffoni celebrated the Funeral Mass and gave the sermon  [Martin de Alpartils, p. 9 Ehrle; "Narratio de Morte Clementis VII", 772].  He was buried next to the body of John XXII. At the time of the Pope's death there were twenty-four cardinals.

Background: The University of Paris and King Charles VI

The Avignon obedience was supported above all by the French crown, but also by the Kingdom of Naples, the Kingdom of Aragon, the Kingdom of Castile, the Kingdom of Scotland, the Kingdom of Poland [D'Achery Spicilegium III (Paris 1723), 753-754],  the Dukedom of Savoy, and various other smaller entities. The scholars of the University of Paris, which also supported Clement, had been discussing the Schism for some time [Jean Juvenal des Ursins, 397]. For more than a dozen years the idea of a Church Council had been discussed, but that raised the difficult and dangerous question as to whether a Council was superior to a Pope, or whether a Pope was superior to a Council. The professors of the University wanted to put their proposals before the King of France (Charles VI de Valois, 1380-1422), but they were blocked by the Duc de Berri, uncle of the King, who was working with the Papal Legate of the Avignon Obedience, Cardinal Pedro de Luna, to frustrate any plans which might be dangerous to the Avignon Papacy. On June 29, 1394, however, thanks to the intervention of Philippe "the Strong', Duke of Burgundy, the King's maternal uncle, they were received in audience by King Charles. They presented three possible projects for resolving the Schism: the way of renunciation by both popes, the way of arbitration by way of judges appointed by both sides, and the way of the General Council. King Charles listened, but he also sent a copy of the address (which he ordered translated into French for wider distribution) to Pope Clement. This action placed the Pope under tremendous pressure [Jean Juvénal des Ursins, 396-398; Creighton I, 124-125].

On Tuesday, September 23, 1394, the news reached the King of France that His Holiness Pope Clement VII was dead. The King was already intending to hold a special Council that day, but instead after Mass he announced the news that he had received of the Pope's death. He then sent away the Parliamentarians, but kept behind the Dukes Jean de Berri, Philippe de Bourbon and Louis de Valois (Duc d' Orleans, the King's brother), Pierre de Navarre, the Chancellor Arnaud de Corbie, the Patriarch of Alexandria (Nicholas Cremant), the Bishops of Langres (Bernard de la Tour d'Auvergne) and of Meaux (Pierre Fresnel), Amauri d' Orgemont (Chancellor of the Duc d' Orléans), the Vicomte de Melun (Guillaume de Tancarville), Marshal Boucicault, the Sire de Cusins, the Vicomte d' Acy (Jean la Personne), Renauld de Trye, and several others [See Valois, Le conseil du Roy, pp. 97-103].  The Patriarch suggested that King Charles write to the College of Cardinals not to hold an election until the King could have his views presented by an ambassador. This was agreed to by all, except for the Bishop of Meaux. [Valois III, 3-5].  A letter also arrived during the meeting from the Cardinals, signed by Jean de la Grange, Nicholas Brancacci and Pierre de Thury, advising the King formally of the death of Pope Clement [Valois III, 5].

The King's letter to the Cardinals, dated September 22, read  [Religieux de Saint-Denys, Book XV, capitulum VII; pp. 190 ed. Bellaguet]:

Carissimi et speciales amici, cito post dolorosa nova nobis exhibita de transitu deffuncti Clementis pape, bone memorie, cui parcat Altissimus, et de quo dolentes fuimus cordialiter et sumus, congregavimus consilium nostrum, quod a presens habemus nobiscum, cum multis aliis de nostro magno consilio, ad avisandum quid nobis agendum esset super unione et bono universalis Ecclesie. Et quia hoc negocium magnum est et arduum, totamque fidelium christianorum congregacionem tangit, in ista materia non potuimus ita breviter deliberare vel concludere. Quapropter rogamus vos et affectuose requirimus per pacem et unionem Ecclesie, quam tenemini totis viribus procurare, et per amorem quem desideratis habere erga nos et regnum nostrum, quatinus ad electionem cujuscunque minime procedatis, sed aliquantulum differatis, donec accesserint ad vos nostri nuncii speciales et sollemnes, quos ad vos propter istam materiam cicius quam poterimus transmitemus, scientes quod interim vos minime sollicitabimus, nec requiremus quod eligatis aliquem nec favore nec amore cujuscumque.

On Wednesday, September 23, as soon as the news of the death of Pope Clement had reached them, the University, by unanimous consent of the Masters and Doctors, sent a deputation of senior professors to speak with the King. The delegation was led by the Rector. They presented the King with four demands (quatuor requisierunt): (1) that he should advise the Sacred College to postpone the election, until discussions could be held about Church unity; (2) that the barons and prelates, and those burghers of highest authority in the realm should gather to discuss and advise what ought to be done in this very difficult business; (3) that he should write to Pope Boniface [IX, Pietro Tomacelli, the Roman successor of Urban VI] and also to the nobility who favored his cause in the hope of bringing about peace; (4) that he should order devotions and processions throught his realm, and allow the University of Paris to consult other universities and receive their responses, without having to ask permission of the King. Their requests seemed reasonable, and so the King agreed. He then told them to resume their teaching duties, which had been suspended for some time. After lunch, the King held a council, and informed the members what he had agreed to with the University. The Council agreed with the King, and decided to appoint Renaud de Roye.  Marshal Boucicault was to carry another letter to Raymond de Turenne, nephew of the late Pope, not to molest the Cardinals with his warlike operations (Religieux de Saint-Denys, Book XV, capitulum VII; pp. 192-194 ed. Bellaguet; cf. Baronius-Reynaldus 7, 573-574).

Raymond de Turenne was of particilar concern for the Conclave [Jean Juvénal des Ursins, p. 397-398]:

Et lors les cardinaux, apres qu'il eust este mis en sepulture honorablement, ainsi qu'il appartenoit bien, delibererent de eux mettre en conclave. Laquelle chose le Roy cuida plusieurs fois empescher par messagers, et autrement, esperant d'y mettre union. Dont ils firent difficulte, disans qu'il leur falloit un chef, et aussi que messire Raymond de Turaine, qui se disoit neveu du feu Pape, leur menoit guerre tres-grande, et avoit pris par la vaillance de son corps, plusieurs places ausquelles il avoit mis garnisons, parquoy il tenoit les cardinaux en Avignon en grande subjection. Dont les cardinaux escrivirent au Roy, dequoy il fut bien desplaisant contre ledit Raymond, et luy escrivit qu'il se deportast. Lequel craignant le Roy, le fit par aucun temps, et s'abstint de faire guerre.

The King's second letter to the Cardinals, signed on September 24, read:

Carissimi et speciales amici, nostis quod post mortem donimi nostri pape Clementis septimi bone memorie, cujus anima sancta requie perfruatur, nos vobis scripsimus per nostrum equitatorem, rogavimus et requisimus instanter et affectuose ut pro bono pacis universalis Ecclesie non procederetis ad electionem cujuscunque novi summi pontificis, usque quod aliqua nova recepissetis a nobis per nostros solemnes nuncios quos ob joc eciam vobis destinamus. Et quia, carissimi amici, ut nostis, materia est ardua et totam christianitatem tangit, nec potuimus adhuc deliberare super hoc, maxime cum carissimus patruus noster dux Burgundie nobiscum presencialiter non sit. iterum vos rogamus cordialiter quantum possumus, per amorem Jhesu Christi, in tantum quod affectatis Ecclesie universalis unionem et pacem, ut non procedatis ad celebracionem electionis cujuscunque, donec nostri nuncii vos possint adire. Nam procul dubio clare percipimus quod, si aliter faciatis, istud horribile scisma, quod tamdiu in Ecclesia duravit, adhuc durabit diucius; quod erit inevitabilis dolor et plaga que non poterit curari, et quod malum vobis forsan imputabitur in parte.

The Electors

The "cedula" of the Conclave Oath, dated September 16, 1394, containing the signatures and seals of all the participating twenty-one cardinals, is printed in Muratori Rerum Italicarum Scriptores III. 2, columns 773-775; Baluzius I, 567-572; Christophe III, 480-481.   It specifically states that three cardinals "Florentinus, de Agrisolis et de Sancto Martiale se non suscripserunt". Another list is given in the "Acta electionis Benedicti XIII," Baluzius I, 565-568. Eubel Hierarchia Catholica I second edition, p. 29 note 4. Yet another can be found in Martin de Alpertis (p. 10-11 Ehrle).

Cardinals attending :

1. Pietro Corsini, Florentine, Suburbicarian Bishop of Porto and Santa Rufina [Baluzius I, 1040], and Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals [ Religieux de Saint-Denys, Book XV, capitulum VIII; pp. 198 ed. Bellaguet].  According to Cardella (II, 226), "nella scienza delle leggi excellente, venne ammesso tra gli Uditori di Rota".  Souchon (II, 260) lists him as doctor decretorum.  Auditor of Causes of the Apostolic Palace. Bishop of Volterra (1362-1363). Archbishop of Florence (1363-1370).  He was  in provinciis b. Petri in Tuscia, Ducatu Spoletano et nonnullis terris in Italia constitutis d. n. pape vicarius  in a document of April 23, 1377 [Luigi Fumi (editor) Codice diplomatico della città d' Orvieto (Firenze 1884), pp. 561-562 no. DCXCV].  Named Archdeacon of Liege by Clement VII on May 8, 1385 [Ursmer Berlière, OSB,  Bulletin de la Commission Royale d' histoire 75 (Bruxelles 1906), 182].   (died August 16, 1405).   "Florentinus"  [a creation of Urban V]  
2. Guido de Malosicco (Guy de Malsec), of the diocese of Tulle, Suburbicarian Bishop of Palestrina (1383-1412), formerly Cardinal Priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme (1375-1383).  Doctor in utroque iure.Papal Chaplain. Archdeacon of Corbaria in the Church of Narbonne.  Bishop of Lodève (1370-1371). Bishop of Poitiers (1371-1376),  Archdeacon of Condroz in the Church of Liège (from 1377) [Ursmer Berlière, OSB,  Bulletin de la Commission Royale d' histoire 75 (Bruxelles 1906), 168-171].  Sent as Legate to England on December 30, 1378; returned to the Curia September 30, 1381 [Eubel I, p. 22 n. 5].  Attested as Canon and Prebend of Stillington in the Church of York on May 24, 1376 [Le Neve, Fasti III, 213]; "deprived" by "Urban VI", probably in 1378 [Bliss-Twemlow, Calendar of Papal Registers V, 208 (October 6,1399)].  He was also Archdeacon of the West Riding in the Church of York from November, 1376. Relative of both Pope Clement VI and Pope Gregory XI [Baluzius, 1144]  (died April 4, 1412).    "Pictavensis"   "Penestrinus"   [created by Gregory XI]
3. Johannes de Grangia (Jean de la Grange), OSB, born at Petraficta, a village near Chalons-sur-Saone (diocese of Lyon).   Suburbicarian Bishop of Tusculum (Frascati) [Ughelli-Colet, Italia sacra I, p. 238]; previously Cardinal Priest of S. Marcello (1376-1394) [creation of Gregory XI].   Doctor decretorum (canon law).  Former French royal tutor, and then Secretary of State for Finance [Cardella II, 242-243]. He was Bishop of Amiens (1373-1375).  As Bishop of Amiens. in 1374, he was one of the negotiators on the French side (with Louis Duke of Anjou and Philip Duke of Burgundy), in a papal led effort to bring about peace between France and England [Froissart I. 317-324]. Before his episcopacy, Jean de la Grange was Abbot of Fécan in the diocese of Rouen (1357-1373) [Gallia christiana 11, 211-212; A. Molinier & A. Lognon, Obituaires de la province de Sens Tome I (Diocese de Sens) (Paris 1902) 226].  In 1359 he was assigned by Innocent VI to be a councillor of Cardinal Guy de Boulogne when he was Apostolic Legate in Spain, attempting to end the war between Aragon and Castile.  He was a long-time Councillor of the King of Navarre, but he made war against him along with King John of France; he was captured in battle by the Navarrese in October, 1363; he was imprisoned for some time, but escaped. Before Fécan, he was Prior of Gigniac in the diocese of Lyons.
         Once a cardinal, he was provided as Archdeacon of Glasgow (from 1376), and later also Archdeacon of Ross [Bliss-Twemlow IV, 255-256 (January 8, 1388)]. He was Apostolic Legate of Gregory XI in Tuscany, at Sarzana in the Spring of 1378, where he was concluding a treaty on behalf of Pope Gregory [Baronius-Raynaldi sub anno 1378, no. i, p. 298. Scheuffgen 1-2].  He was unable to attend the Conclave of April, 1378.  He returned to Rome on April 24, 1378 [Baronius-Raynaldi sub anno 1378, no. xcvii.].   He did attend the Conclave of September, 1378, at Fondi, and was a stout supporter of Pope Clement VII against the claims of Bartolommeo Prignano (Urban VI).  He followed Clement to Avignon, and is attested there in 1379 [Froissart II. 36].  In 1380 he was in Paris, at the death bed of King Charles.   Cardinal Johannes died April 24, 1402.  He is noted in the Obituary of Notre Dame de Paris on April 24 [A. Molinier & A. Lognon, Obituaires de la province de Sens Tome I (Diocese de Sens) (Paris 1902) 226].   [an ally, apparently, of Raymond de Turenne: Ehrle, 75 and n.2]    "Ambianensis" [Baluzius, 1154].
4. Niccolò Brancaccio (aged 54), Suburbicarian Bishop of Albano (1390-1412), previously Cardinal Priest of S. Maria trans Tiberim (1378-1390) [creation of Clement VII].   Archbishop of Cosenza (1377-1378).  Archbishop of Bari (1367-1377).  Canon of Naples.  Doctor in utroque iure. (died June 29, 1412).  Vice-Chancellor S.R.E. (from 1385).   He followed Benedict XIII until the Council of Pisa (1409).
   
   
5. Guillaume d'Aigrefeuille, "the Younger", OSB.Clun., of Limoges, Cardinal Priest of S. Stefano in Monte Celio. Doctor of Canon Law (Toulouse, 1365). Camerlengo S.R.E. [Baluzius I, 997; Cardella II, 224-225; Eubel I, 20].  Secretary of Urban V.  Canon of Salisbury,  Prebend of Charminster and Bere [Bliss-Twemlow, Calendar of Papal Registers IV, 97 (November 16, 1371)].  Archdeacon of Berks in the Diocese of Salisbury [Bliss-Twemlow, Calendar of Papal Registers IV, 168 (October 10, 1371); Le Neve Fasti II, 634].   Archdeacon of Taunton in the Church of Wells   [Bliss-Twombley IV, 187 (August 24, 1373); Le Neve, Fasti I, 167]. During the Sede Vacante he was writing his last Will and Testament. He names eleven of the cardinals as his executors, one of whom is Pedro de Luna (Baluzius II, 1071-1076, dated MCCCXCIV, Indictione secunda, et die XXIV mensis Septembris, apostolica sede vacante). [a creation of Urban V]  His funerary inscription in S. Martialis, Avignon: Olduin, Athenaeum Romanum pp. 288-289.  (died January 13, 1401).  He is called Decanus Collegii by the author of the "Narratio de Morte Clementis VII".
6. Leonardo Rossi da Giffoni [Iovis Fanum], O. Min., of the Kingdom of Sicily, Cardinal Priest of S. Sisto (1378-1407) [Eubel Hierarchia catholica editio altera (1913) I, p. 27; Cardella, II, 310-311, wrongly placed him among the creations of "Urban VI"].  Twenty-fourth Master General of the Franciscans .  He had been elected at Toulouse in 1373, at the General Chapter, under the presidency of Cardinal Bertrand Lagier, O. Min.   [Wadding, Annales Minorum 8  editio secunda (Roma 1733), p. 279-282, sub anno 1373, no. xix-xxiii].  He was credited with establishing Franciscan houses at Sorrento, Castellammare, and Ravello [Wadding, Annales Minorum 9, 195, xl].  In 1378 he allied himself, with the encouragement of Queen Johanna of Naples, with Pope Clement VII.  He was appointed Pope Clement's Legate in Naples in 1381.  When Charles III became King of Sicily, however, he was made a prisoner in the Kingdom of Sicily—which was (at the time) loyal to "Urban VI"— from 1381-1386;  he was released through the efforts of Cardinal Gentile de Sangro, Legate of Urban VI to Charles III  [Wadding, Annales Minorum 9, 57, iv].  He entered the Curia at Avignon in May, 1387 [Eubel I, 27 n.7].  On January 27, 1389, he was one of the three Cardinals (along with Guy de Malsec and Amelius de Lautrico) who handed down the sentence of excommunication against Johannes de Montesono, OP  [H. Denifle, Chartularium Universitatis Parisiensis III (Paris 1894), no 1567, pp. 506-512; and cf.  nos. 1557-1564].  Cardinal Leonardo was present at the death of Pope Clement VII on Wednesday, September 16, 1394 [Baluze, Vitae Paparum Avinionensium I, p. 564].    On his writings, see J. H. Sbaralea, Supplementum et castigatio ad Scriptores trium Ordinum S. Francisci (Roma 1806), p. 488   In 1393/1394 he wrote a tract exploring the question of whether it was licit to withdraw obedience from the pope in order to end the Schism  [Noël Valois La France et le grand schisme d' Occident III (Paris 1901), p. 227 and n. 2; Baluze, after the Index to Volume I],  and ca. 1398 he wrote a tract against Benedict XIII as an heretic.  Later, on April 29, 1403, he had to throw himself at the feet of Benedict XIII in the public street and confess that he had erred gravely in writing his treatises [Martene-Durand Thesaurus Novus II (Paris 1717), column 1493; Valois La France et le grand schisme d' Occident III, p. 332].  He died in Avignon after March 17, 1407; he had been summoned by a letter of Benedict XIII on that day to come to Marseille, in order to negotiate about ending the schism   [Baluze, Vitae paparum avinionensium I, 1263; "Chronica Generalium Ministrorum Ordinis Fratrum Minorum," Analecta Franciscana III (Quaracchi 1897), p. 574 n. 2;  Valois III, p. 503 n. 5; Eubel I, 27].  Obviously he was not a supporter of Pedro de Luna at the Conclave of 1394.
         Ciaconius-Olduin states [II, 677] that he was made Bishop of Ostia and Velletri by Benedict XIII (Pedro de Luna).  However, Cardinal Bertrand Lagier served as Bishop of Ostia from the very end of the reign of Gregory XI in 1378 until his death on November 8, 1392 [Ughelli-Colet, Italia Sacra I, 73], whereupon he was succeeded by Cardinal Jean de Neufchâtel, who served until his death on October 4, 1398 [Ughelli-Colet, Italia Sacra I, 73].  Ughelli states that Contelori's idea that Cardinal Jean was succeeded by Cardinal Pietro Corsini, the Bishop of Porto, who died on August 16, 1405, is wrong.  It would be after Cardinal Corsini, according to that reckoning of Contelori that Cardinal Leonardo became Bishop of Ostia.  According to that reckoning that would then be in 1405, since Contelori believed that Cardinal Leonardo died in 1405; or perhaps 1398-1407, since one must reject the tenure of Cardinal Corsini. However, ca. 1398-1403 France and Cardinal Leonardo were outside the obedience of Benedict XIII and Benedict would not have appointed him Bishop of Ostia.  But there is no documentary evidence at all as to the appointment or tenure of the Bishopric of Ostia.   Cardinal Jean had a competitor in the Roman Obedience from August 29, 1397 to May 31, 1408 in the person of Cardinal Angelo Acciaiuoli of Florence.  Conrad Eubel does not include Cardinal Leonardo Rossi da Giffoni in his list of Bishops of Ostia [Hierarchia catholica  I editio altera (Monasterii 1913), p. 36], and extends his tenure of the titulus of S. Sisto until 1407 [Hierarchia catholica  I editio altera, p. 47 and n. 1]. One should probably reject the unsupported assertion that Cardinal Leonardo was ever Bishop of Ostia.
7. Bertrandus de Chanac, of Limoges, Cardinal Priest of S. Pudenziana (1385-1401).   Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem (1382-1385), and (from 1383-1385) Administrator of the diocese of Le Puy.  Bishop of  Bourges (1374-1382) [Gallia christiana 2, 83-84].  Canon of Poitiers. Cleric of the Apostolic Camera under Innocent VI.   Doctor in utroque iure.   (died at Avignon on  May 21, 1401, and was buried in the Dominican Church, next to his uncle Cardinal Guillaume de Chanac).   "Hierosolymitanus"
8. Tommaso Ammanati, Tuscan, Cardinal Priest of S. Prassede (1385-1396).  Legate of Clement VII in Britain.   Archbishop of Naples (1379-1385) [Eubel I, 360; Ughelli-Colet Italia Sacra 6, 134-135]. Apostolic Nuncio of Gregory XI to Emperor Charles IV.   Bishop-elect of Nimociensis (Nemosia, Limasol, Cyprus) (1374-1379).  Archdeacon of S. Castor in the Diocese of Trier.  Auditor Causarum Sacrii Palatii.  Papal Chaplain.  Doctor in utroque iure.  In his youth he was a courtier of Urban V and of Gregory XI  [Eubel I, p. 367 n. 9].    (died December 6, 1396).   "Neapolitanus"   His brother, Boniface Ammanati, was a distinguished jurist who was created Cardinal Deacon of S. Adriano in 1397.
9. Joannes de Placentinis (Giovanni Piacentini), Cardinal Priest of S. Ciriaco (1385-1404).  Bishop of Castello (from 1375, until "removed' by "Urban VI" in 1378/9). Bishop of Patras (1371-1375).  Bishop of Padua (1369-1371). Bishop of Cervia (1364-1369). Canon of Padua.   (died May 9, 1404)    "Venetiarum".
10. Jean de Murolio (Murol) (aged 54), of the Auvergne, son of Jean, Seigneur de Muriolo et S. Amand, and Aleide de Rochebriant.  Cardinal Priest of S. Vitale (1385-1399).    Bishop of S. Paul-trois-chateaux (1385) [Gallia christiana 1 (1716), 712].   Bishop of Geneva (1378-1385) [Gallia christiana 16 (Paris 1865), 431-432].  Canon of Rouen (from 1387).  Canon of Paris.  (died February 10, 1399, buried in the Franciscan church in Clermont Ferrand).
11. Petrus de Tureyo (Pierre de Thury), Lugdunensis, Cardinal Priest of S. Susanna (1385-1410). Apostolic Legate of Pope Clement VII to the Kingdom of Naples (1389-1392).  Apostolic Legate in France and Commissary to the University of Paris (1389-1390) [H. Denifle, Chartularium Universitatis Parisiensis III (Paris 1894), no. 1550 (May 17, 1389); no 1573, pp. 520-522 (Rouen, May 16, 1389); no. 1580 (February 27, 1390)].    Bishop of Maillezais (1382).  Master of Requests in the Curia of King Charles VII  [Gallia christiana 2 (Paris 1720), 1372-1373].   Doctor in utroque iure.    (died 1410).
12. Joannes de Bronhiaco (Jean Allarmet de Brogny) (aged 52), of Geneva, Cardinal Priest of S. Anastasia  (1385-1405).  Bishop of Viviers (1382-1385) [Gallia christiana 16 (1865) 576-577].  Dean of Gap.   Canon of Geneva (to 1383).  Doctor in utroque iure (died 1426)   [Cardella II, 355-359].   "Vivariensis"
13. Martín de Zalba (Salva) (aged 57), of Navarre, Cardinal Priest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina (died October 27, 1403). Apostolic Administrator of Pamplona. "Pampilonensis". He had been instrumental in bringing King Charles III of Navarre into the Avignon obedience  [Salve, 111].
14. Johannes Flandrin de Vivario, Auxitanus, brother of Cardinal Pierre Flandrin, Deacon of S. Eustachio (1371-1381).  Jean Flandrin was Cardinal Priest of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo (1391-1405).  Bishop of Auch (1379-1390) [Gallia christiana 1 (Paris 1716) 997-998].   Dean of Laon.    Doctor in utroque iure.  (died July 8, 1415).  [Baluze Vitae paparum avenionensium I, 1385-1386].
15. Pierre Girard, Lugdunensis, Cardinal Priest of S. Pietro in Vincoli (1390-1405)   "de Podio"   Bishop of Le Puy (Aniciensis) (1385-1390) [Gallia christiana 2 (Paris 1720) 729].   In 1386 he carried the red hats of the cardinalate to Pileus de Pratis and Galeoto de Petremalari, who had abandoned the Roman Obedience of Urban VI.  In Avignon, on November 15, 1588, he witnessed the Testament of Cardinal Pierre de Cros, who died the next day.  Bishop of Lodève (1382-1385) [Gallia christiana 6 (Paris 1739) 558-559].   Archdeacon of  Bourges (attested February 9, 1373).  Provost of Marseille. Clerk of the Apostolic Camera (attested in 1377, when he was sent on a mission to Vicomte Guillaume of Tourenne).  Licentiate in law.    (He died at Avignon on November 9, 1415).
16. Guillaume de Vergeyo (Vergy), Burgundus, Cardinal Priest of S. Cecilia  (1391-1407).  Archbishop of Besançon (1371-1391).  He was forced to abandon his See due to a dispute with Duke Philip of Burgundy, who actually besieged him in the castle of Gyacum (1384). He fled to Avignon, whence he excommunicated the Duke.  King Philip, however, supported the Duke, and Vergey was induced to exchange is archbishopric for a cardinal's hat [Gallia christiana 15 (Paris 1860) 86-87].  Bachelor of Laws.    (died 1407).
    
    
17. Hugues de Saint-Martial, born in the diocese of Toul in Aquitaine, Cardinal Deacon of S. Maria in Portico (1361-1403). Archpriest of the Vatican Basilica. Doctor in utroque iure [Cardella II, 207-208]. Archdeacon of Meath [Bliss-Twemlow, Calendar of Papal Registers IV, 104-105 (April 1, 1372); 120 (April 1, 1372); 190 (October 19, 1373); 465 (November 3, 1393)].  Prebend of Driffield in the Church of York, from June 7, 1363 to 1372 [Bliss-Twemlow, Calendar of Papal Registers IV, 123 (March 17, 1373); Le Neve, Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae III, 182]. (died 1403).
18. Petrus de Vernhio (Pierre de Vergne), of Limoges, Cardinal Deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata (1371-1403).    Apostolic Referendary. Auditor Sacri Palatii. Archdeacon of Rouen. Prebend in the Church of Lincoln [Rymer Foedera VII, 284].   Doctor of Canon Law  [Ciaconius-Olduin II, 606].  He renounced his allegiance to Benedict XIII (de Luna) in 1398.   (died October 6, 1403)
19. Pedro Martinez de Luna (aged 66), of Aragon, Cardinal Deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin (1375-1394). Legate of Clement VII in Aragon (1378-1390).  Provost of Valencia.   [a creation of Gregory XI]   He was elected Pope Benedict XIII in 1394, and died at Peniscola in Spain in 1423
20. Amedeo di Saluzzo (aged 33), son of Frederick, Marquis of Saluzzo and Beatrix of Geneva; a relative of Clement VII.  Cardinal Deacon of S. Maria Nuova (1383-1409).  Canon of Liège (from 1378).  Archdeacon of Campine in the Church of Liège (ca. 1381-before 1399).  Archdeacon of Lyon.   [Ursmer Berlière, OSB,  Bulletin de la Commission Royale d' histoire 75 (Bruxelles 1906), 172-173].  Licentiate in Law.    Bishop-elect and Administrator of Valence-and-Die (1383-1388) [Gallia christiana 16 (Paris 1860) 327].   (died June 28, 1419).
21. Galeotto Tarlati de Petramala (aged 59 ?), of the Counts of Petramala [Arezzo in Tuscany],  nephew of Galeotto Malatesta, Lord of Rimini.   Cardinal Deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro (May 5, 1388—1400?)  [a creation of Urban VI in September, 1378, when he had been abandoned by all of the cardinals who had allegedly elected him; Galeotto was created Cardinal Deacon of S. Agatha; he abandoned the Roman Obedience and its uncanonical, murderous, insane pontiff in 1386.  Urban had conceived the notion that he was the instigator of a conspiracy against him after he had fled from Naples to Genoa, and the Cardinal's freedom and very life were in danger].  He was a Protonotary Apostolic and Canon of the Cathedral of Florence, in succession to Paolo Soderini (renounced in 1384). He died in Avignon between 1397 and 1400 (?).  [Cardella II, 285-286, who places Galeotto last among the notorious creations of September 18, 1378].
    
    

Cardinals not attending:

1. Jean de Neufchâtel (aged 54), son of Thibault Baron of Neufchâtel and Johanna of Châlons; a relative of Clement VII. Suburbicarian Bishop of Ostia e Velletri (1393-1398), previously Cardinal Priest of SS. Quattuor Coronati (1383-1393).   Bishop of Toul (1372-1383).   Bishop of Nevers (1371-1372) [Gallia christiana 12 (Paris 1770) 650].  Treasurer of Besançon. Canon of Autun. Chamberlain of Clement VII.    Doctor in utroque iure.  (died October 4, 1398 [Frizonius, Gallia purpurata p. 432]).    He was in Lorraine at the time of the Conclave of 1394 [Baluze I, 563], but he participated in the coronation [Eubel I, 29 n.4].
2. Jaime de Aragón (aged 53), Suburbicarian Bishop of Sabina, Administrator of Valencia.    (died May 30, 1396). Brother of King Peter of Aragon
3. Pedro Fernández de Frías, Cardinal Priest without title (created on January 23, 1394, by Clement VII), was absent in Spain (died September 19, 1420).  He was given the Title of S. Prassede by Benedict XIII ca. 1405. Bishop of Osma  [Ciaconius-Olduin II, 689;  Juan Loperraez Corvalan, Descripcion historica del Obispado de Osma I (Madrid 1788),   315-329].