History 579 – Topics in American Cultural History

Syllabus and Survival Guide

Spring 2007

Wednesday 7:00 pm – 9:50 pm, Sierra Hall 302

 

Instructor

 

Dr. Thomas W. Devine

Phone: (818) 677-3550 Email: tom.devine@csun.edu

Office Hours: Sierra Tower 624, TuTh 2:30-3:30 and by appointment gladly given. 

 

Reading

 

The following books – listed in the order in which we will read them – are available at the Matador Bookstore.  All other readings will be provided in class or through electronic reserve. To subvert the system and to save yourself some money, you should consider buying used copies of the books.  You are likely to find used or discounted copies at significantly lower prices at the following websites:

www.bookfinder.com; www.half.com; www.amazon.com.

 

  • Joy S. Kasson, Buffalo Bill's Wild West: Celebrity, Memory and Popular History. Hill & Wang, 2000.
  • Mark Twain, Pudd’nhead Wilson. [Any edition]
  • Edgar Rice Burroughs, Tarzan of the Apes [Any edition]
  • Janet Davis, The Circus Age: Culture & Society Under the American Big Top. University of North Carolina Press, 2002.
  • Paula Marantz Cohen, Silent Film and the Triumph of the American Myth. Oxford University Press, 2001.
  • Dashiell Hammett, The Maltese Falcon. [Any edition]
  • Melvin Patrick Ely, The Adventures of Amos’n’Andy: A Social History of an American Phenomenon. 2nd ed. University Press of Virginia, 2001.
  • Thomas Doherty, Cold War, Cool Medium: Television, McCarthyism, and American Culture. Columbia University Press, 2003.
  • Michael T. Bertrand, Race, Rock, and Elvis. University of Illinois Press, 2000.
  • Stephen E. Kircher, Revel with a Cause: Liberal Satire in Postwar America. University of Chicago Press, 2006.
  • John Bodnar, Blue-collar Hollywood: Liberalism, Democracy, and Working People in American Film. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004.
  • Bradford W. Wright, Comic Book Nation: The Transformation of Youth Culture in America. Johns Hopkins, 2001.

 

Recommended:

 

  • Ken Emerson, Doo-Dah! Stephen Foster and the Rise of American Popular Culture. DaCapo, 1998.
  • John F. Kasson, Houdini, Tarzan, and the Perfect Man: The White Male Body and the Challenge of Modernity in America. Hill & Wang, 2001.

 

Spirit of the Course

 

This course takes as its premise that the popular arts deserve historians’ serious consideration.  Though dismissed by many self-appointed critics as frivolous or ephemeral, popular art forms often reveal much about the priorities, assumptions, mores, and values of the culture that produced and consumed them.

 

Throughout the semester we will be examining nineteenth and twentieth century U.S. history through the lens of the popular arts.  We will be looking at novels, minstrel and burlesque shows, the “curiosities” of P.T. Barnum, vaudeville productions, circus acts, movies, songs, radio and television programs, contemporary satirical humor, and even comic books.  In the process, we will consider the power of the popular arts to influence politics, social movements, and international relations – the “stuff” more traditionally associated with the study of U. S. history.  We will also read historians’ analyses of popular art forms and critique and evaluate their interpretations.

 

In this course, you will be learning not simply more history, but a different way of understanding history and, in tandem, sharpening your own skills as a “cultural critic” – skills that will allow you to become both a more sophisticated student of history and a better informed observer of and participant in American culture.  In short, this course seeks to increase not only your knowledge but also your critical and interpretive abilities – to help you learn not only answers but better ways of asking questions.

 

Themes

 

Though the material may seem rather eclectic to you – What could Buffalo Bill, Tarzan, Amos’n’Andy, Lenny Bruce, and Superman possibly have to do with one other? – there are certain themes that we will be revisiting. Reflecting on the course content with the following larger themes in mind will allow you to see the connections between what at first glance might appear to be unrelated topics:

 

  • the social construction of race and the “racializing” of popular art and culture
  • the issue of cultural “power” – who defines “acceptable” and “authentic” culture (critics? artists? audiences?)
  • the influence of economic factors on what kinds of art forms become “popular”
  • the role of the popular arts in shaping class, regional, and national identities
  • the relationship between the popular arts, moral reform, and “respectability”
  • the significance of attitudes about gender and gender roles in shaping popular culture
  • the intersection of popular culture and political culture

 

Grading

 

Class Participation                                       --35%

Oral Presentation                                        --10%

Analytical Essay                                           --10%

CLICK FOR ANALYTICAL ESSAY QUESTIONS

Semester Project [Due May 19]*                   --25%

[Click for List of Topics]

Final Essay [Due May 26]                             --20%

 

 *- But gladly accepted before May 19th

 

Explanation of Requirements

 

Completing the Reading

There’s no getting around it – this class requires a lot of reading.  But, as a Masters level seminar, it is supposed to.  To succeed in this course, you will need to complete the reading, but you will also need to have given it some thought.  Read with a pencil in hand – take notes in the margins.  Record terms that are unfamiliar to you or that you don’t understand, points that you find interesting or surprising, arguments with which you strongly agree or disagree, methods of research or analysis that seem especially creative or insightful (or misguided and silly), or ideas that connect to things we’ve talked about in previous classes.  Also, read smart – don’t read every single word of the first 4 chapters and nothing thereafter because you ran out of time. If you catch the argument the author is making, don’t sweat all the details or supporting examples – skim over them and get on to the next major point.  It is more important to have gotten the gist of an entire book than to master every aspect of the first one-third of it.

 

Participation in Discussion

This is a seminar-style course in which active participation in the weekly discussions is crucial to the class’s success.  Our meetings will be conversations – free, open, and informal exchanges of ideas based on the assigned readings – and I expect everyone to take part.  I will do my best to insure each student has ample opportunity to contribute, but, ultimately, it will be up to you to make certain that you remain an active participant rather than a passive observer.

 

Leading Discussion

One person will be responsible for leading the discussion each week.  That person will compose a list of 8 questions that address the major themes and issues raised in the reading.  The discussion leader will meet with me briefly ahead of time to go over his or her questions.  (This exchange can also be done via email.) Optimally, the discussion leader will have finished writing the questions at least 24 hours before the seminar so I can distribute them to everyone via email attachment.   Your leading of discussion will not receive a grade per se, but will be taken into account in the calculation of your participation grade

 

Précis

One person will be responsible for producing a single-spaced 2-page précis of the reading each week.  This assignment is meant to be a summary rather than a review, though you may give an overall evaluation of the book in the final paragraph.  The person who writes the précis will provide each member of the class with a copy at the beginning of the seminar. This assignment, too, will not receive a grade per se, though in calculating your participation grade, I will take into account the quality of and amount of effort you appear to have put in to your précis.  Please send me your précis as an email attachment so I can post it on the web.

 

Oral Presentation

One person will be responsible for giving a 15 minute oral presentation each week.  The presentation should elaborate on or critique the week's readings. You may want to focus exclusively on a particular theme or argument, the book or articles' take on a specific historiographical controversy, or compare/contrast the author’s work to others who have written on the topic.  Alternatively, you might want to look at some primary sources and see if they lead you to the same kinds of interpretations that the author offers.  I can provide you with both primary source suggestions and historiographical background, so don’t hesitate to ask.  Also, since this course focuses on popular art forms, it seemed to me we should not just read about movies, radio programs, music, comic books, and so on, but experience them directly.  Therefore, if the topic lends itself to doing so, your oral presentation should feature a short audio-visual component that will allow us to sample in some way the art form we have read about. (This could entail showing a clip from documentary footage or from a movie discussed in the reading; showing power point slides of contemporary illustrations; playing an excerpt from a radio program, song, or musical performance; displaying illustrations, etc.) At some point during class, usually right after the break, you will have the floor to give your oral presentation and to field questions from the class. At the end of class, please provide me with a copy of your presentation notes.

 

Analytical Essay

This 3-page assignment will give you the opportunity to respond to a specific question in a concise, tightly argued essay. At several points during the semester I will hand out essay topics in class.  The essay will be due a week after I distribute the question. You need only do one essay over the course of the semester, though if you do more than one I will count the highest grade.

 

Semester Project

Select a topic from the period covered in the course that you find to be of interest and do some outside reading on it.  I recommend drawing on a variety of books, book chapters, and journal articles.  Your choice of focus need not be directly related to the material covered in the course.  Indeed, this is your opportunity to investigate a subject area that the course may neglect.  After your reading has made you an “expert” on your topic, compose a 10-12 page essay assessing the various sources you have consulted and offer and defend your own thesis pertaining to your topic. So as to prevent you from putting this assignment off until the last moment (and confronting the dreaded “incomplete”), I will ask for a tentative bibliography with brief annotations at the mid-point of the semester.  I will gladly critique drafts of this assignment.

 

Final Essay

In a double-spaced 10 page essay due at the end of the semester, you will answer a question that will be directly related to the major themes of the course.  In responding, you will draw only from material in the assigned reading; no outside reading or research will be necessary.

 

Bringing Food

On one occasion during the semester, each person will bring a snack for the entire class to enjoy at the break. Optimally, your culinary contribution will be related in some clever way to the week’s discussion topic. I can refrigerate or store the food for you if you need me to -- just give me advance notice.  Creativity and imagination in the selection of what to bring will be duly noted.

 

Surviving History 579…

 

Attendance

Since class meets only once a week, it is important, and it is expected, that you will be at every session.  Inevitably, an occasion may arise when you are unable to attend.  Out of fairness to your classmates who do attend every week, however, each absence past the first two will adversely affect your final grade.  Also, given the heavy weight placed on in-class discussion, any absence is likely to detract from your participation grade.  To make up for a missed class, you may turn in a 2-page, single-spaced précis summarizing the reading for the class you missed.

 

Problems

I appreciate that most CSUN graduate students are stretching themselves quite thin, often working full time while taking classes at night.  If you are feeling overwhelmed, find yourself falling behind, or are having any problems outside of class that are adversely affecting your performance in class, be sure to let me know.  Do not wait until the end of the semester when it will be too late.  I am more than willing to work with you to insure you “survive,” but I need to know you are having difficulties.  You will find that as long as you keep me up to speed, I will be very sympathetic.

 

Discussion Topics and Assignments

 

Schedule

 

Jan. 31        “Bowery B’hoys and Gallery Gods” – Performance, Audience Response, and Working-Class Consciousness in Jacksonian America

 

Reading:

Lawrence Levine, “William Shakespeare in America,” Chapter 1 from Highbrow/Lowbrow: The Emergence of Cultural Hierarchy in America (Harvard, 1988)

                  

Richard Butsch, The Making of American Audiences: From Stage to Television, 1750-1990 (Cambridge, 2000) Chapters 3-5.

 

                   Bruce A. McConachie, “‘The Theatre of the Mob’ : Apocalyptic Melodrama and Preindustrial Riots in Antebellum New York,” Bruce A. McConachie and Daniel Friedman, eds., Theatre for Working-Class Audiences in the United States, 1830-1980 (Greenwood, 1985)

 

                   PRECIS

                  

                            

Click here for more on the Astor Place Riot

 

Interview with Bruce A. McConachie on the Astor Place Riot

 

 

Feb. 7          From Jim Crow to Chris Rock: The Origins and Legacy of Blackface Minstrelsy

 

                   Reading:

Robert Toll, Blacking Up: The Minstrel Show in Nineteenth-Century America (Oxford, 1974)

Chapter 2, Chapter 3

                  

                   John W. Finson, The Voices That Are Gone: Themes in Nineteenth-Century Popular Song, Chapter 5.

 

                   Ken Emerson, Doo~Dah: Stephen Foster and the Rise of American Popular Culture, [Selections]

 

                   David Roediger, The Wages of Whiteness

                  

                   Justin Driver, “The Mirth of a Nation: Black Comedy’s Reactionary Hipness,” New Republic 224 (June 11, 2001): 29-33.

 

PRECIS

 

Recommended Film:

Spike Lee’s “Bamboozled” (2000)

 

Click here for more on Stephen Foster

 

Feb. 14        P. T. Barnum and the Rise of “Democratic Amusements”

 

Reading:

P.T. Barnum, The Life of P.T. Barnum, Selections [Hard copies available outside 624 Sierra Tower]

                            

James Cook, The Arts of Deception: Playing With Fraud in the Age of Barnum, Chapter 2.

 

                   Neil Harris, Humbug: The Art of P.T. Barnum, Chapters 3, 8.

 

 

Barnum-related web sites:

http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA02/freed/Barnum/barnum.html

http://www.ptbarnum.org/ptlinks.html

http://www.lostmuseum.cuny.edu/ 

 

 

Feb. 21        History, Myth, and National Identity: The Wild West in American Culture

 

                   Reading:

Joy S. Kasson, Buffalo Bill’s Wild West

 

John H. Monett, “There is No Place for General Custer and Buffalo Bill in the New Western History!”

Journal of the West 36,2 (April 1997): 6-8.

 

Buffalo Bill-related web sites:

http://www.buffalobill.com/

http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/buffalobill.htm

 

 

Feb. 28        Who is “Black,” Who is “White,” and Why? – Race as a Cultural Construct in Late Nineteenth-Century America

                  

                   Reading:

                   Mark Twain, Pudd’nhead Wilson

                   [Complete text and related primary documents available on the web at: http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/railton/wilson/pwhompg.html]

 

                   Shelley Fisher Fishkin, “Mark Twain and Race,” Fishkin, ed., A Historical Guide to Mark Twain (Oxford, 2002)

                   [Also available in hard copy in the box outside Dr. Devine’s office]

 

Eric J. Sundquist, “Mark Twain and Homer Plessy,” Representations 24 (1988): 102-28.

 

                   Lee Clark Mitchell, “‘De Nigger in You’: Race or Training in Pudd'nhead Wilson?” Nineteenth Century Literature 42, 3 (December 1987): 295-312.

 

                   Vince Brewton, “‘An Honour as well as a Pleasure’: Dueling, Violence, and Race in Pudd'nhead Wilson” The Southern Quarterly, 38, 4 (Summer 2000): 101-118.

 

                   Browse through some of the contemporary reviews of Pudd’nhead Wilson at:

                   http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/railton/wilson/pwrevshp.html

 

                   Bibliography of Pudd’nhead Wilson Criticism:

                   http://guweb2.gonzaga.edu/faculty/campbell/enl413/pwbib.htm

 

                   PRECIS

 

 

Mar. 7         “Gone Primitive” – Changing Conceptions of Masculinity at the Turn of the 20th Century

 

Reading:

Edgar Rice Burroughs, Tarzan of the Apes

 

“Reading Tarzan of the Apes with a Critical Eye”

 

John Higham, “The Reorientation of American Culture in the 1890s,” from Higham, Writing American History (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1970)

 

John F. Kasson, Houdini, Tarzan, and the Perfect Man: The White Male Body and the Challenge of Modernity in America, Chapter 3.

 

Gail Bederman, Manliness & Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, pp. 218-232

 

Optional Reading:

 

Theodore Roosevelt, “The Strenuous Life”

 

Harry Stecopoulos, “The World According to Normal Bean: Edgar Rice Burroughs’s Popular Culture”

 

 

 

Mar. 14       “The Greatest Show on Earth:” Industrialization, Modernization, and the Circus

 

Reading:

Janet Davis, The Circus Age

 

 

Mar. 21       We didn't need dialogue. We had faces!” – The Movies in the Age of Innocence

                  

Reading:

Paula Marantz Cohen, Silent Film and the Triumph of the American Myth

 

PRECIS

 

Mar. 28       “Tough Guys in a World of Chance:” The Modern Detective Story and American Culture between the Wars

 

Reading:

Dashiell Hammett, The Maltese Falcon

 

                   John G. Cawelti, Adventure, Mystery, and Romance: Formula Stories as Art and Popular Culture, pp. 139-173.

                  

                   [Recommended but not required is The Maltese Falcon, the definitive film version of Hammett's novel, released in 1941 by Warner Brothers, directed by John Huston and starring Humphrey Bogart.]

                  

                   PRECIS

 

Apr. 4          SPRING BREAK

 

 

Apr. 11        Radio and Race: The Ambiguous Legacy of Amos’n’Andy

 

Reading:

Melvin Patrick Ely, The Adventures of Amos’n’Andy

                  

                   PRECIS

Apr. 18        The Medium and the Message: Television and The Cold War

 

                   Reading:

                   Thomas Doherty, Cold War, Cool Medium: Television, McCarthyism, and American Culture

                  

                   Recommended Film:

                   Point of Order

 

Apr. 25        “Blurring the Lines:” Rock’n’Roll’s Challenge to Cultural Hierarchies

                  

Reading:

Michael T. Bertrand, Race, Rock, and Elvis

                  

                   Recommended Films:

                   Elvis 1956, That Rhythm, Those Blues

 

May 2          “Laughing through the Fear:” Cold War Humor from Mad Magazine to Dr. Strangelove

                  

                   Reading:

Stephen E. Kircher, Revel with a Cause: Liberal Satire in Postwar America

                  

May 9          Cinematic Proletarians? – American Workers on the Silver Screen

 

                   Reading:

                   John Bodnar, Blue-collar Hollywood

 

                   PRECIS

 

May 16        “A New and Threatening Medium:” Comic Books and Cold War America

 

                   Reading:

Bradford W. Wright, Comic Book Nation

 

PRECIS