History 573 – The United States, 1890-1945

Syllabus and Survival Guide

Fall 2008

Thursday 7:00 pm – 9:50 pm, Sierra Hall 184

 

 

Instructor

 

Dr. Thomas W. Devine

Phone: (818) 677-3550 Email

Office Hours: Sierra Tower 624, Wednesdays 3:00 – 4:00 pm, Thursdays 5:00 – 6:00 pm, and by appointment gladly given.

 

Reading

 

The following books – listed in the order in which we will read them – are available at the Matador Bookstore (with the exception of those marked with an * which are out of print).  All other readings will be provided in class. To subvert the system and to save yourself some money, you should consider buying used copies of the books.  You are likely to find used or discounted copies at significantly lower prices at the following websites:

www.bookfinder.com; www.half.com; www.amazon.com; www.campusi.com

 

  Charles Postel, The Populist Vision (Oxford, 2007)

  Kristin Hoganson, Fighting for American Manhood: How Gender Politics Provoked the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars (Yale, 1998)

  Joshua David Hawley, Theodore Roosevelt: Preacher of Righteousness (Yale, 2008)

  Robert D. Johnston, The Radical Middle Class: Populist Democracy and the Question of Capitalism in Progressive Era Portland, Oregon (Princeton, 2003)

  Lewis Erenberg, Steppin’ Out: New York Nightlife and the Transformation of American Culture, 1890-1930 (Chicago, 1983)

  Thomas Bell, Out of this Furnace (Pittsburgh, 1976 [1941])

  Emily S. Rosenberg, Financial Missionaries to the World: The Politics and Culture of Dollar Diplomacy, 1900-1930 (Duke, 2003)

  Robert H. Ferrell, Woodrow Wilson and World War I, 1917-1921 (Harper Collins, 1985)*

  William E. Leuchtenburg, The Perils of Prosperity, 1914-1932 2nd edition (Chicago, 1993)

  Kevin Boyle, Arc of Justice: A Saga of Race, Civil Rights, and Murder in the Jazz Age (Henry Holt, 2004)

  James R. McGovern, And a Time for Hope: Americans in the Great Depression (Praeger, 2000)

  Frank A. Warren, Liberals and Communism: The “Red Decade” Revisited (Indiana, 1966 or Columbia, 1993)

  William L. O’Neill, A Democracy at War: America’s Fight at Home and Abroad in World War II (Harvard, 1998)

 

Spirit of the Course

 

This course will offer an interpretive survey of political, economic, cultural, and social trends in the United States from approximately 1890 to 1945.  If all goes according to plan, you will leave in December with a broader and deeper knowledge of the events of this period and their significance in shaping what we call “modern” U.S. society.  It is my hope that you will also finish the course with something more: a rich sense of the “fabric” of this era – a feel for how people lived their daily lives, the tragedies they suffered, and the triumphs they celebrated; an appreciation for the ideas, ideologies, fads, and follies that intrigued and seduced them; an understanding of the problems and tough decisions that confronted both everyday people and top policy makers; and, perhaps most importantly, a recognition of the contingencies of history and an empathy for the historical actors who benefited from or fell victim to these contingencies.

 

I have made a special effort to assign readings that represent the latest (if not always the most widely held) views on various topics, though I have also included a few “old chestnuts” that have stood the test of time.  You will notice that the readings throughout the course come from various ideological and methodological perspectives.  I encourage you to be critical of both the readings and what I say in class when you find the arguments expressed to be unpersuasive. (More often that not, what I’m saying is meant to provoke a critical rejoinder and I will eagerly defend the most outrageous positions just for the joy of playing devil’s advocate.)

 

Themes

 

Though we will be covering a wide variety of topics, there are certain themes that we will be revisiting throughout the course of the semester:

 

  • the effects of industrialization, immigration, and urbanization on the nation’s economic and political development
  • the changing relationship over time between government and individual citizens
  • the United States’ emergence as a global economic power
  • changing attitudes regarding race, gender, and the rights of the individual versus the rights of the group
  • the effect of social crises such as war and depression on American intellectuals and intellectual life
  • the ongoing struggle to balance liberty and equality within a democratic context
  • the factors accounting for the rise and fall conservative and progressive social movements
  • disputes among Americans over what constitutes a “good society”

 

You will also have the opportunity to follow the historiography that has developed around the topics we will explore.  Though the emphasis of the course will not be on historiographical issues, I will introduce and we will all discuss scholarly controversies where appropriate.

 

Grading

 

Class Participation                                       --35%

Oral Presentation/Analytical Essay              --10%

Semester Project (Due December 13)           --30%

Final Essay (Due December 16)                   --25%

 

 

Explanation of Requirements

 

Completing the Reading

There’s no getting around it – this class requires a lot of reading.  But, as a Masters level seminar, it is supposed to.  To succeed in this course, you will need to complete the reading, but you will also need to have given it some thought.  Read with a pencil in hand – take notes in the margins.  Record terms that are unfamiliar to you or that you don’t understand, points that you find interesting or surprising, arguments with which you strongly agree or disagree, methods of research or analysis that seem especially creative or insightful (or misguided and silly), or ideas that connect to things we’ve talked about in previous classes.  Also, read smart – don’t read every single word of the first 4 chapters and nothing thereafter because you ran out of time. If you catch the argument the author is making, don’t sweat all the details or supporting examples – skim over them and get on to the next major point.  It is more important to have gotten the gist of an entire book than to master every aspect of the first one-third of it.

 

Participation in Discussion

This is a seminar-style course in which active participation in the weekly discussions is crucial to the class’s success.  Our meetings will be conversations – free, open, and informal exchanges of ideas based on the assigned readings – and I expect everyone to take part.  I will do my best to insure each student has ample opportunity to contribute, but, ultimately, it will be up to you to make certain that you remain an active participant rather than a passive observer.  At the mid-point of the semester, I will provide each student with a brief, written evaluation of his or her class participation.

 

Leading Discussion

One person will be responsible for leading the discussion each week.  That person will compose a list of 8 questions that address the major themes and issues raised in the reading. Each discussion leader should meet with me briefly to go over his or her questions. (If need be, this exchange can be done over email.) Optimally, the discussion leader will have finished writing the questions at least 24 hours before the seminar so I can distribute them to everyone via email attachment. If you have not led a discussion before, I recommend setting up an appointment with me so we can discuss some strategies for leading effective discussions. Your leading of discussion will not receive a grade per se, but will be taken into account in the calculation of your participation grade.

 

Précis

One person will be responsible for producing a single-spaced 2-page précis of the readings for each week.  This assignment is meant to be a summary rather than a review, though you may give an overall evaluation of the book in the final paragraph.  The person who writes the précis should email it to me as an attachment at least 3 hours before class so I can proofread it and make copies for the rest of the class. This assignment, too, will not receive a grade per se, though in calculating your participation grade, I will take into account the quality of and amount of effort you appear to have put in to your précis.

 

Oral Presentation/Analytical Essay

Each week one person will be responsible for completing some additional reading on our topic. Often, though not always, this reading will present arguments or interpretations that run counter to those in the assigned reading. I will supply the supplementary reading to you well in advance of your presentation date.  At some point during class, usually right after the break, you will have the floor to present a summary and assessment of the supplemental reading.  As part of your presentation, you should explain how the reading you have done relates to the common reading – how does it add to or challenge the perspective of that week’s book? You should allow a few minutes at the end of your presentation to field questions from the class. Please do not extend your presentation beyond 15 minutes and do not read your presentation verbatim from a prepared text. Keep in mind that no one likes to sit through a boring presentation or one that is disorganized because it has been thrown together at the last moment. Out of respect for your classmates, allow yourself enough time to prepare a polished presentation. I will evaluate your presentation based on organization and content as well as on the quality of your delivery.  Within a week, you should email me an essay of no more than 1500 words that reflects the content and analysis of your oral presentation.

 

Semester Project

Select a topic from the period covered in the course that you find to be of interest and do some outside reading on it.  Your choice of focus need not be directly related to the material covered in the course.  Indeed, this is your opportunity to investigate a subject area that the course may neglect.  I recommend drawing on a variety of book chapters and articles.  After your reading has made you an “expert” on the topic, summarize your findings and offer your own insights and analysis in a double-spaced 10-12 page essay. The paper should be analytical rather than narrative – that is, it should make an argument rather than tell a story.  The more sources you incorporate, the more thorough your essay will be. There are no hard and fast rules regarding the number of sources, but anything under five major sources will likely produce a rather thin piece of historical analysis. Also, since this is a semester project, not a “last two weeks of the semester project,” your final product should reflect a semester’s worth of work and will be evaluated accordingly.  So as to prevent you from putting this assignment off until the last moment (and confronting the dreaded “incomplete”), we will approach this in a three step process.  At week five, I will ask for a tentative annotated bibliography. During weeks ten and eleven, I will schedule individual meetings with each student to discuss his or her topic. At this point, you should have completed nearly all of the reading for your project and be well on your way toward completing a first draft. I highly recommend submitting a complete draft by the end of week 12 (two weeks before the due date). Though submitting a draft is not required, having the chance to respond to my comments is likely to improve the finished product.

 

Final Essay

In a double-spaced 10 page essay due at the end of the semester, you will answer a question that will be directly related to the major themes of the course.  In responding, you will draw only from material in the assigned reading; no outside reading or research will be necessary.

 

Bringing Food

On one occasion during the semester, each person will bring a snack for the entire class to enjoy at the break. Optimally, your culinary contribution will be related in some way to that week’s discussion topic. Creativity and originality are always appreciated.

 

Surviving History 573…

 

Attendance

It is important, and it is expected, that you will attend every session.  Inevitably, an occasion may arise when you are unable to attend.  Out of fairness to your classmates who do attend every week, however, each absence past the first two will bring down your final grade.  Any absences beyond four will put you in jeopardy of failing the course. Also, given the heavy weight placed on in-class discussion, any absence is likely to detract from your participation grade.  To make up for a missed class, you may turn in a précis of no more than 1500 words summarizing the reading for the class you missed.

 

Problems

I appreciate that most CSUN graduate students are stretching themselves quite thin, often working full time while taking classes at night.  If you are feeling overwhelmed, find yourself falling behind, or are having any problems outside of class that are adversely affecting your performance in class, be sure to let me know.  Do not wait until the end of the semester when it will be too late.  I am more than willing to work with you to insure you “survive,” but I need to know you are having difficulties.  You will find that as long as you keep me up to speed, I will be very sympathetic.

 

 

Discussion Topics and Assignments

 

Schedule

 

1. Aug. 28   An Alternative America:  The Populist Response to Industrialization

 

Reading:

                   Charles Postel, The Populist Vision

                  

                   PRECIS

 

                   Oral Presentation Readings:

                   Richard Hofstadter, “The Folklore of Populism”

                   Lawrence Goodwyn, “The Irony of Populism”

                   Oscar Handlin, “Reconsidering the Populists”

                   Martin Ridge, “Populism Redux: John D. Hicks and The Populist Revolt

                   Robert C. McMath, Jr., “Another Look at the ‘Hard Side’ of Populism”

                   [Reviews in American History review of Postel, The Populist Vision]

 

2. Sept. 4    Red Bloods, Mollycoddles, and Chocolate Éclairs: Gender and the Spanish-American War

 

                   Reading:

Kristin Hoganson, Fighting for American Manhood

 

PRECIS

 

Oral Presentation Readings:

Richard Hofstadter, “Cuba, the Philippines, and Manifest Destiny”

                   Walter LaFeber, “The Business Community’s Push for War”

                   Paul S. Holbo, “Economics, Emotion, and Expansion: An Emerging Foreign Policy”

                   Michael H. Hunt, “American Ideology: Visions of National Greatness and Racism”

                   Louis A. Pérez, Jr., “Meaning of the Maine

 

3. Sept. 11 Race, Reform, and Righteousness: Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Impulse

 

Reading:

Joshua David Hawley, Theodore Roosevelt

                  

                   Oral Presentation Readings:

                   H. L. Mencken, “Roosevelt I”

                   John R. Chamberlain, “The Progressive Mind in Action”

                   Richard Hofstadter, “Theodore Roosevelt: The Conservative as Progressive”

                   Frederick W. Marks III, “Theodore Roosevelt, American Foreign Policy, and the Lessons of History”

                   Frank Ninkovich, “Theodore Roosevelt: Civilization as Ideology”

 

4. Sept. 18  Revolt of the Bourgeoisie: The Middle-Class Response to Industrialization

 

                   Reading:

Robert D. Johnston, The Radical Middle Class

 

                   Oral Presentation Readings:

                   Peter G. Filene, “An Obituary for ‘The Progressive Movement’”

                   Richard L. McCormick, “Progressivism: A Contemporary Reassessment”

                   Daniel T. Rodgers, “In Search of Progressivism”

                   Richard M. Abrams, “The Failure of Progressivism”

                   Thomas K. McCraw, “The Progressive Legacy”

 

5. Sept. 25  The Emergence of the “New Modern”: Urban Nightlife and the Decline of Victorian Culture

 

                   Reading:

                   Lewis Erenberg, Steppin’ Out

                   John Higham, “The Reorientation of American Culture in the 1890s”

                  

                   PRECIS

         

                   Oral Presentation Readings:

                   Christina Simmons, “Modern Sexuality and the Myth of Victorian Repression”

                   Kevin White, “The New Man and Early Twentieth-Century Emotional Culture in the United States”

                   Margaret Marsh, “Suburban Men and Masculine Domesticity, 1870-1915”

                   Henry Seidel Canby, The Age of Confidence: Life in the Nineties, Chapter 10

 

6. Oct. 2      “From the Boat to the Mills:” Immigrant Workers’ Experiences

 

Reading:

Thomas Bell, Out of this Furnace

 

Oral Presentation Readings:

James R. Barrett, “Americanization from the Bottom Up”

David Brody, “Slavic Immigrants in the Steel Mills”

Paul Krause, “Silenced Minorities”

John F. Berko, “Thomas Bell (1903-1961): Slovak-American Novelist”

 

7. Oct. 9      “We’re Here to Help”: Imperialism American Style

 

Reading:

Emily S. Rosenberg, Financial Missionaries to the World

 

PRECIS

 

Oral Presentation Readings:

Frederic C. Howe, “Dollar Diplomacy and Financial Imperialism Under the Wilson Administration”

John Braeman, “The New Left and American Foreign Policy during the Age of Normalcy: A Re-examination”

Martin J. Sklar, “Dollar Diplomacy According to Dollar Diplomats”

Michael H. Hunt, “Grand Projects: 1898-1920”

 

 

8. Oct. 16    “Safe for Democracy?”: Wilsonian Idealism and U.S. Foreign Policy

                  

Reading:

                   Robert H. Ferrell, Woodrow Wilson and World War I

 

                   PRECIS

 

                   Oral Presentation Readings:

                   John W. Coogan, “Wilsonian Diplomacy in War and Peace”

                   Robert M. Crunden, “A Presbyterian Foreign Policy”

                   Joan Hoff, “The Faustian Impact of World War I on U.S. Diplomacy”

                   Walter A. McDougall, “Wilsonianism, or Liberal Internationalism (so called)”

 

9. Oct. 23    “The Decade of our Discontent”: American Society and Culture in the 1920s

                  

                   Reading:

                   William E. Leuchtenburg, The Perils of Prosperity

                  

                   Oral Presentation Reading:

 

 

10. Oct. 30  The Persistence of the “Negro Question”: The NAACP, the KKK, and Jazz Age Justice

 

Reading:

Kevin Boyle, Arc of Justice

 

PRECIS

 

Oral Presentation Reading:

Richard W. Thomas, Life For Us Is What We Make It: Building Black Community in Detroit, 1915-1945, Chapter 5

 

11. Nov. 6   “Hard Times and High Hopes”:  Surviving the Great Depression

 

Reading:

James R. McGovern, And a Time for Hope

 

PRECIS

 

Oral Presentation Reading:

Robert Bendiner, “The Exhilarating Depression of Franklin Roosevelt”

Caroline Bird, “The Ivisible Scar”

Lizabeth Cohen, “Workers Make a New Deal”

Melvyn Dubofsky, “Not So ‘Turbulent Years’: Another Look at America in the 1930s

 

12. Nov. 13 “That Man in Washington”: Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal

 

                   Reading:

                   Excerpts from David M. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear

                   Chapters 5-10 to be distributed in class

                   Chapter 11

                   Chapter 12

                  

                   Oral Presentation Reading:

                   Jim Powell, FDR’s Folly, Chapter 1

                   William E. Leuchtenburg, “The Achievement of the New Deal”

                   Anthony J. Badger, “The Unanticipated Consequences of New Deal Reform”

                  

 

13. Nov. 20 A Better World?”: American Intellectuals Confront Stalin’s Russia

                  

Reading:

                   Frank A. Warren, Liberals and Communism

                   Preface to the 1993 Edition

 

                   Oral Presentation Readings:

                   Norman Holmes Pearson, “The Nazi-Soviet Pact and the End of a Dream”

 

Nov. 27       THANKSGIVING HOLIDAY

 

 

Dec. 4         NO CLASS  

 

 

Dec. 11       “Don’t You Know There’s a War On?”: The American Experience in World War II

                  

                   Reading:

                   William L. O’Neill, A Democracy at War