Young in America – Youth Culture in the 20th Century U.S.

 

 

 

History 476 – Spring 2007

Tuesday/Thursday 12:30 – 1:45  Sierra Hall 288

 

Instructor

Dr. Thomas W. Devine

Office Hours: Sierra Tower 624, Tuesdays and Thursdays 2:30-3:30 and by appointment gladly given.

Email Phone: (818) 677-3550

Teaching Assistant: John Vurpillat

 

Spirit of the Course

 

From Horatio Alger to Hanson, from the Katzenjammer Kids to Eric Cartman, Americans have long been obsessed with youth – heralding it, romanticizing it, protecting it, clinging to it, and, at times, exploiting it.  Today, just as one hundred years ago, we as a nation are seemingly preoccupied with “what is to become of the young.”  Yet in our public discussions, we typically have no historical context – no awareness that each generation before us argued and worried over the same issues, often operating under the same dubious assumptions that we continue to hold decades later.  In hopes of providing some historical context, this course will offer an overview of what it was like to be young in America from the turn of the century to the present day. 

 

To the greatest extent possible, the course will approach the topic from the perspective of the young people themselves.  We will pay close attention to the practice of “sex-typing” and the role gender played in shaping youths’ daily experiences.  Also, by looking at the experiences of various kinds of youth – rich, poor, black, Latino, white, college educated, uneducated – we will challenge the very notion of a singular “American youth culture.”  At times, however, we will also examine how adults reacted to the behavior of their children.  In particular, we will focus on how adults sought to keep the nation’s youth from being “corrupted” and how young people responded to their efforts.

 

Required Reading

 

The following books – listed in the order in which we will read them – are available at the Matador Bookstore.

 

  1. David Nasaw,  Children of the City
  2. Grace Palladino, Teenagers: An American History
  3. Russell Baker, Growing Up
  4. Anne Moody, Coming of Age in Mississippi
  5. Michael Patrick MacDonald, All Souls: A Family Story from Southie

 

To subvert the system and to save yourself some money, you might consider buying used copies of the books.  You are likely to find used or discounted copies at significantly lower prices at the following websites: www.bookfinder.com; www.half.com; www.amazon.com.

 

All other readings will either be distributed in class or available through the password protected links below.

 

Requirements and Grading

 

Class Participation/Quizzes                                         --20%

Quiz 1 [February 15]

Quiz 2 [March 6]

Quiz 3 [April 24]

Quiz 4 [May 8]

Midterm Examination [March 29]                               --20%

MIDTERM EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS

1st Paper [due March 18 or 9 April]                            --15%

OPTION A PAPER ASSIGNMENT

OPTION B PAPER ASSIGNMENT

2nd Paper [due 9 May]                                                  --20%          

SECOND PAPER ASSIGNMENT

ORAL HISTORY SAMPLE PAPER A

ORAL HISTORY SAMPLE PAPER B

Final Examination [24 May]                                          --25%

FINAL EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS

All grading will be done on the +/ – system.

 

The midterm will be an essay exam designed primarily to confirm that you have been keeping up with the reading and have given thought to the topics and themes raised in discussion.  There will be a choice of short answer questions and a longer essay.  The final will be similar in format and will not be cumulative.  I will distribute study questions for the midterm and final at least a week before you take the exams.

 

The paper assignments will focus on the material covered in the assigned readings and during class discussion.  For the first paper, there will be a choice of topics that will be handed out two weeks before the due date. There will also be two options – “option A” will be due 14 March; “option B” will be due 9 April.  You only need to do ONE option.  The second paper assignment will allow you to conduct an oral history or try your hand at creative writing.  It will be due on 29 April. 

 

On Writing Papers…

 

 

Both papers should be NO LESS THAN 5 pages with one-inch margins. Grades will be based on the quality of your ideas and how effectively you present them.

 

Though the TA and I will make grammar and spelling corrections on your papers, you are not being graded on grammar and spelling per se.  A poorly written paper, however, usually fails to convey ideas effectively, so in this sense good writing does matter.  There is no way of separating “the writing” from “the ideas.” 

 

As you will find out, we will read your papers thoroughly and offer detailed constructive criticism.  Do not be discouraged by our “heavy edits” of your work.  My goal is to insure that every one of you leaves this class a better writer than when you entered.  You should make this your goal as well.

 

I also encourage you to ask me or the teaching assistant for assistance. We both have extensive experience in copy editing and teaching writing skills. We are willing to work with you one on one, sentence by sentence to improve your essays. Take advantage of this offer – you may not get another like it before you graduate.

 

If you submit a completed draft of a paper at least five days before the assignment is due, either the TA or I will read it and give you comments.

 

 

Surviving History 476…

 

Course Format

Though this course will include some lectures, it is not a “lecture course.”  The emphasis will be on discussion and classroom interaction rather than listening to the professor.  Class participation is important and will count heavily in your final grade.  Our meetings will in fact be conversations – free, open, and informal exchanges of ideas based on the assigned reading, and I expect everyone to take part.  I will do my best to insure each student has ample opportunity to contribute, but, ultimately, it will be up to you to make certain that you remain an active participant rather than a passive observer.  Have the reading done BEFORE you come to class and be ready to discuss it.

 

Though no one should feel intimidated, I understand that some of you may be more comfortable speaking to a smaller audience, so we will occasionally break into small groups.  Your performance in these groups will also count toward your overall participation grade.  This grade will be based on the quality of participation – simply “being there” or saying “something” will not insure you a high grade.

 

Attendance

Since the success of this course depends on each student’s active participation, it is important, and it is expected, that you will be present at every session.  I do take attendance.  If you have had trouble showing up for class on a regular basis in the past, this is not the course for you.  Inevitably, an occasion may arise when you are unable to attend.  Out of fairness to your classmates who do attend, however, each absence beyond the first three will adversely affect your final grade.  Also, given the heavy weight placed on in-class discussion, any absence is likely to detract from your participation grade. 

 

Common Courtesy & Academic Honesty

Since I assume that all of you are of upstanding character and possess impeccable manners, most of this should go without saying, but I put it in writing here so that there will be no misunderstanding.  Please turn off all cell phones and other electronic gadgets before you enter the classroom.  This includes laptop computers.  Please arrive on time and do not walk out in the middle of class unless it is an emergency or you have spoken to me about it ahead of time.  Do not tell me things that are not true and expect me to believe you. This is dishonest, but, more importantly, is an insult to my intelligence.  Do not cheat.  Do not plagiarize.  If you do so, I will track you down and make your life miserable. (References available upon request.)

 

Problems

I appreciate that many CSUN students are stretching themselves quite thin, often working full time or raising families while taking classes.  If you are feeling overwhelmed, find yourself falling behind, or are having any problems outside of class that are adversely affecting your performance in class, be sure to let me know.  Do not wait until the end of the semester when it will be too late.  I am more than willing to work with you to insure you “survive,” but I need to know you are having difficulties.  You will find that as long as you keep me up to speed, I will be very sympathetic.

 

Schedule of Topics & Assignments

 

(The reading assignment listed for each day should be completed BEFORE you arrive at class.)

 

Tues. 30 Jan.      Introduction: An explanation of course objectives, mechanics, and procedures.

 

Thurs. 1 Feb.      What is youth?

Reading: Randolph S. Bourne, “Youth” from the Atlantic Monthly (1912)

Grace Palladino, Teenagers, Introduction

D. James Romero, “Adulthood? Later, Dude!” from the Los Angeles Times (1997)

 

Tues. 6 Feb.       “Boys Will be Boys”… or Will They??

Reading: Julia Grant, “A ‘Real Boy’ and Not a Sissy: Gender, Childhood, and Masculinity, 1890-1940”

Lisa Jacobson, “Manly boys and Enterprising Dreamers: Business Ideology and the Construction of the Boy Consumer, 1910-1930”

                                   

                                    STUDY QUESTIONS

 

Thurs. 8 Feb.      “Bad Girls” – Regulating Female Sexuality

Reading: Mary E. Odem, “Teenage Girls, Sexuality, and Working-Class Parents in Early Twentieth-Century California”

Ruth M. Alexander, “’Going Around with a Bad Crowd of Girls’: Young Women and the Lure of City Streets”

                                   

                                    STUDY QUESTIONS

 

Tues. 13 Feb.          “Nickel Addicts and Coney Island Babies” – Youth, Reformers, and the New Urban Amusements

Reading: Kathy Peiss, “The Coney Island Excursion”

Jane Addams, The Spirit of Youth and the City Streets

David Nasaw, “Children and Commercial Culture: Moving Pictures in the Early Twentieth Century”

 

                                    STUDY QUESTIONS

 

Film:  Coney Island  (The American Experience)

 

Thurs. 15 Feb.    “Newsies, Junkers, and Little Mothers

Reading: David Nasaw, Children of the City

 

STUDY QUESTIONS

           

 

QUIZ #1 – Children of the City

 

 

Tues. 20 Feb.      “A Moral Revolution on Campus?” – College Life and its Critics

Reading: John Carter, “These Wild Young People: By One of Them” Atlantic Monthly (1920)

“Is the Younger Generation in Peril?” Literary Digest (1921)

Eleanor Rowland Wembridge, “Petting and the Campus” Survey (1925)

 James Wechsler, selections from Revolt on Campus (1935)

Vincent Sheean, “The Modern Gothic” from Personal History (1937)

                                   

                                    STUDY QUESTIONS

           

                 

Thurs. 22 Feb.    “Flaming Youth” – Flappers, Sheiks, and the Roaring ‘20s

Reading: Kathleen Drowne, “The Wild Young People: Drinking and Youth Culture”

Kevin White, “Modern American Male Heterosexuality: The 1920s”

F. Scott Fitzgerald, “Bernice Bobs Her Hair” (1920)

 

Film:    Our Dancing Daughters

 

Tues. 27 Feb.          “Dead End Kids” – Teenagers, the Great Depression, and the New Deal

Reading: Palladino, Teenagers, Chapter 3

Thomas Hine, The Rise & Fall of the American Teenager, Chapter 11

          Kristie Lindenmeyer, The Greatest Generation Grows Up, Chapter 6

                 

STUDY QUESTIONS

 

Thurs. 1 Mar.     “Swing Kids” – Dancing Through the Depression

Reading: Lewis Erenberg, Swingin’ the Dream, Chapter 2

         Palladino, Teenagers, Chapter 4

 

Film:       History of West Coast Swing

 

STUDY QUESTIONS

 

Tues. 6 Mar.       “Something Will Come Along” – Remembering the 1930s

Reading: Russell Baker, Growing Up

 

STUDY QUESTIONS

 

Quiz #2 – GrOwing UP

 

Thurs. 8 Mar.     “Lighting out for the Territories” – Teenage Hoboes

                                    Reading: Selections from Errol Lincoln Uys, Riding the Rails

 

Film:  Riding the Rails (The American Experience)

 

STUDY QUESTIONS

 

Tues. 13 Mar.     “Don’t You Know There’s a War On?” – Young People and World War II

Reading: William M. Tuttle, Jr., “America’s Home Front Children in World War II”

Palladino, Teenagers, Chapters 5, 6

 

                                    STUDY QUESTIONS

 

Thurs. 15 Mar.    Wars at Home: Minority Youth Countercultures during World War II

Reading: Robin D. G. Kelley, “The Riddle of the Zoot: Malcolm Little and Black Cultural Politics during World War II”

         Stuart Cosgrove, “The Zoot Suit and Style Warfare”

 

Film:    The Zoot Suit Riots (The American Experience)

 

STUDY QUESTIONS

 

Tues. 20 Mar.     Rebels Without a Cause?” – The Postwar Juvenile Delinquency Scare

Reading: James Gilbert, A Cycle of Outrage: America’s Reaction to the Juvenile Delinquent in the 1950s, pp. 3-23

         Bradford Wright, “Youth Crisis: Comic Books and Controversy, 1947-1950”

 

STUDY QUESTIONS

 

Thurs. 22 Mar.    “The Juvenilization of American Movies” – Hollywood Discovers the Teenager

Reading: James Gilbert, A Cycle of Outrage: America’s Reaction to the Juvenile Delinquent in the 1950s, pp. 178-195

Mark McGee and R.J. Robertson, The J.D. Films, pp. 18-39

Margot Henrikson, Dr. Strangelove’s America, pp. 157-168

                

Films:   Rebel Without a Cause

Blackboard Jungle

The Wild One

 

Tues. 27 Mar.     “Marketing Youth and the Youth Market” – Madison Avenue Discovers the Teenager

Reading: Kathryn Jay, “‘In Vogue With Mary’: How Catholic Girls Created an Urban Market for Modesty”

         Palladino, Teenagers, Chapter 7

 

Film:    The March of Time “Teenage Girls”

        

Thurs. 29 Mar.    MIDTERM EXAMINATION     

 

 

Tues. 3 Apr.       SPRING BREAK

 

Thurs. 5 Apr.      SPRING BREAK

 

 

Tues. 10 Apr.          The Beats: Prelude to the Counterculture

Reading: Robert Holton, “‘The Sordid Hipsters of America’: Beat Culture and the Folds of Heterogeneity”

Paul O’Neil, “The Only Rebellion Around,” Life (November 30, 1959)

Margot Henrikson, Dr. Strangelove’s America, 171-82

Allen Ginsberg, “Howl”

 

To hear Ginsberg recite “Howl,” click HERE.  Go to “WHOLE ITEM.”  (Howl begins at 41:29)

 

 

Thurs. 12 Apr.        “The Devil’s Music” – The Rise of Rock’n’Roll

Reading: Palladino, Teenagers, Chapter 8, 10

         Glenn C. Altschuler, All Shook Up: How Rock’n’Roll Changed America, Chapter 2

 

STUDY QUESTIONS

        

Film:        That Rhythm, Those Blues (The American Experience)

 

Tues. 17 Apr.      “Before Elvis, There was Nothing” – Class, Race, Youth, and “the King”

Reading: Robert G. Pielke, You Say You Want a Revolution, Chapter 8

Michael T. Bertrand, Race, Rock, and Elvis, Chapter 7

         Linda Martin and Kerry Segrave, “From the Waist Up”

 

STUDY QUESTIONS

                

                                    Film:    Elvis 1956 

 

Thurs. 19 Apr.    “A Movement Led by the Young” – The Civil Rights Struggle

                     Reading: Palladino, Teenagers, Chapter 11

 

Tues. 24 Apr.      The Civil Rights Movement in Mississippi

Reading: Anne Moody, Coming of Age in Mississippi

                                   

STUDY QUESTIONS

 

QUIZ #3 – Coming of Age in Mississippi

 

Thurs. 26 Apr.    Open Date – Continue discussion of Coming of Age

 

Film:        Freedom on my Mind

 

Tues. 1 May       Unrest on Campus – SDS and the Student Revolt of the 1960s

Reading: David Stiegerwald, “The Reddish Decade”

         Palladino, Teenagers, Chapters 13, 14

 

STUDY QUESTIONS

                                                                                   

Thurs. 3 May.         “Hippies, Yippies, and Freaks” – The Counterculture

Reading: William L. O’Neill, “The Counterculture”

          David Farber, “The Counterculture and the Anti-War Movement”

 P. J. O’Rourke, “The Awesome Power of Make Believe”

 

                     STUDY QUESTIONS

 

Tues. 8 May       How the Other Half Lived: Busing, Gangs, and Urban Poverty, 1960-80

                                    Reading: MacDonald, All Souls

 

                                    Note: There are useful study questions at the end of the paperback edition of All Souls

 

Quiz #4 – ALL SOULS

 

Thurs. 10 May     Open Date – Continue Discussion of All Souls

 

Tues. 15 May      “I’ll Resist With Every Inch and Every Breath” – Punk, Riot Grrrls, and Youth Culture at the Margins

Reading: Rebecca Daugherty, “The Spirit of ’77: Punk and the Girl Revolution”

Kevin Mattson, “‘Did Punk Matter?’ Analyzing the Practices of a Youth Subculture During the 1980s”

 

                     STUDY QUESTIONS

 

Thurs. 17 May         Whither Youth? – Into the 21st Century

Reading: Thomas Hine, The Rise & Fall of the American Teenager, Chapter 14

 

 

FINAL EXAMINATION à Thursday 24 MAY 2007, 12:45-2:45