External Links

Here are some links which you may find useful.

General

• The HEL (History of the English Language) Home Page (Dan Mosser)
• A Narrative History of England (Peter Williams) from pre-Roman times to the present
• Take Our Word for It A weekly web magazine of interesting origins of English words.
• World Wide Words (Michael Quinion) - Information about interesting English words.
• British History (Britannia) - timelines, documents, monarchs, biographies, etc.
• The Cambridge History of English and American Literature (Project Bartleby) - complete English literary history.
• American Heritage Dictionary, 4th ed. (Project Bartleby) - useful for etymologies, which go back to Indo-European roots

Phonetics and Phonology

• Phonetics: The Sounds of English and Spanish (University of Iowa) - click on English sounds library (requires Quicktime and Flash plug-ins)
• The Phones and Phonemes of English (George Dillon) - descriptions, charts, sounds of phonemes
• The IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) Home Page
• The IPA Full Chart of Phonetic Symbols for all Languages
• Phthong (University of Toronto) - exercises for phonemic transcription
• IPA Articulators (SIL) - facial chart locates parts of the speech-producing mechanism
• Interactive Sagittal Section (University of Toronto) - shows points and manners of articulation for various phonemes
• Online Phonetics Course (University of Lausanne)

Nostratic and the Comparative Method

• "What We All Spoke When the World Was Young" - Feb. 1, 2000, NY Times article on language superfamilies and the comparative method
• "Linguists Debating Deepest Roots of Language" (1995 NY Times article on Nostratic)
• The Early History of the Indo-European Languages (Thomas V. Gamkrelidze and V. V. Ivanov) - 1990 Scientific American article on Nostratic
• The Nostratic Language (Wikipedia)

Indo-European

• Calvert Watkins' "Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans (American Heritage Dictionary)
• The Indo-European Database (Cyril Babaev) - history, chronology, scripts, more--extensive site.
• Indo-European Language Tree (Dan Short)

Germanic

• Germanic Languages (Cyril Babaev) - descriptions, map, tree
• Tree of Germanic Languages (George Freeman)
• Features of Germanic (Richard D. Monoghan) - linguistic features, Grimm's Law
• The Lord's Prayer in several Germanic languages (Cathy Ball)
• Indo-European Language Resources (Sean Crist) - Gothic, Old English, Old High German glossaries, Tocharian texts and notes, etc.
• The Germanic Invasion of Western Europe (University of Calgary)

Old English

• Old English Pages (Cathy Ball) - texts, fonts, art, links, etc.
• Complete Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Poetry - texts of all surviving OE poetry; no translations or recordings
• The Electronic Sermo Lupi ad Anglos (Melissa Bernstein) - Old English sermon with manuscript image, texts, translation; good for learning to read Old English script
• Bright's Anglo-Saxon Glossary (Sean Crist)
• King Alfred's Old English Grammar - complete OE grammar with modern grammar review, useful exercises
• Old English Aloud (Steve Pollington) - texts, readings in OE Poetry - Click on capital letter for sound. RealAudio.
• An Online Course in Old English (Murray McGillivray) - pronunciation, grammar, texts, RealAudio recordings; everything you wanted to know about Old English and then some.

Middle English

• Library of On-Line Middle English Texts (Labyrinth) - texts without translations
• Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse Search Engine (U. of Michigan) - locate words and phrases in ME literary works
• Chaucer's Language, Pronunciation, and Vocabulary (Harvard U.) - Explanations, charts, sound recordings of phonemes and texts, grammar of Middle English
• The Chaucer MetaPage Audio Files (Alan Baragona) - Professors' readings of Chaucer with 14th-century pronunciation. RealAudio.
• TU Chaucer Course Home Page (Edwin Duncan) - texts, audio, links

Early Modern English

• The Great Vowel Shift (Melinda Menzer)
• Wm. Caxton's Preface to The Book of Enydos, 1490 (Richard A. Monaghan)
• Renascence Editions (Richard Bear) English works printed 1477-1799
• The Complete Works of Shakespeare (M.I.T.)
• The King James Version of the Bible (U. of Michigan)

Modern English

• The Best of British: the American's Guide to Speaking British (Mike Etherington)
• The American Dialect Society Home Page
• Linguistic Atlas of the United States (U. of Georgia)
• A Phonological Atlas of North America (U. of Pennsylvania) - descriptions, maps, links
• The Creolist Archives (Stockholm U.) - texts