Slide 3 of 31
Notes:
What causes a student to have reading problems?
Correlation / Causation Because two circumstances occur together does not mean one causes the other. Careful when ascribing cause to any factor.Important to carefully evaluate the research
Vision - Fusion difficulties ( using the eyes together) is rare but is related to reading problems Much more common is myopia, farsightedness or astigmatism. These are not related to reading problems according to most research. Once the vision problem is corrected with glasses or lenses then making it possible for the child to see the print the reading problem may remain.
Eye movement noted with poor readers are sporadic regressive and inefficient (fixate longer on individual words). But research found that these are the result not the cause of poor reading. Thus vision training is not supported by professions (Ophthalmology Pediatrics)
Visual processing - Most common cited cause of reading problems is visual processing. Equating dyslexia with letter and word reversals. Early diagnosis “word blindness” Mirror images, b/d confusions, mixtures in letter order was /saw, support idea. Orton’s theory and others’ have face validity however conclusions drawn from clinical studies and case reports : Research says”
Reversals: Proportion of reversals no more prevalent 80% of studies found no difference in good and poor readers in occurrence of reversals. Spache
Vellutino Recall of geometric designs and Hebrew letters was no different
Visual perception training not effective
Conclude visual perception difficulties do not cause reading problems (38)
