What causes reading problems?
What causes reading problems? Proposed related factors
Physiological Factors
Vision Problems
Visual Perception Difficulties
Hearing
Speech
Neurological Difficulties
Brain Damage
Neurological dysfunction
ADD/ADHD
Motor Coordination Sensory Integration (Ayres, 1972)
Hereditary Factors
Emotional Factors
Educational Factors
Time on task
Instructional materials/techniques
Cognitive Factors
Intelligence
Applying what you have learned
Preferred Learning Modality
Left and Right Brain Hemispheric Functioning
Suggestions for “right-brained” students
Memory
Published tests of auditory memory
Language Factors
Phonemic awareness
Bradley and Bryant (1978, 1983)
Oral language knowledge
Reading History - Matthew Effect (Stanovich, 1986)
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