Alternatives

• Error detection and Correction Codes:

  • CRC and other fingerprint checksum techniques can be used to determine valid data from invalid data and the invalid data can be recopied/transacted.
  • Can be applied to fields, rows, tables or schemas

• Shadow fields: second copies of data. Corrupt or incomplete main fields can be replaced with shadow data to maintain integrity.

• Transaction Rollback capability (e.g. Oracle)