Red-Black Trees

• Motivation:

  • The good: 2-3 and 2-3-4 trees produce balanced trees of height bounded by log(n)
  • The bad: without extreme efforts in OO design 2-3 and 2-3-4 trees typically waste a lot of memory on unused items and children references.
    • 2-nodes are really 4-nodes with 2/3 of memory for that node being unused.