You may download this entire file in Microsoft Word Format, or you may preview the questions and standards by year through your web browser by selecting the appropriate year

1983
1984
1987

 
 
CELL QUESTION 1983:				L. PETERSON/ECHS
 
	Describe the fluid-mosaic model of a plasma membrane. Discuss the role
	of the membrane in the movement of materials through by each of the
	following processes.
	  a.  Active Transport
	  b.  Passive Transport
 
STANDARDS:
 
FLUID-MOSAIC MODEL:			Max. = 9 points
__  Singer/Nicholson or "differs from" Davson/Danielli
__  Dynamic
__  Phospholipid Bilayer
__  Hydrophilic heads/hydrophobic tails and explanation
__  Polar/Nonpolar
__  Proteins - intrinsic/extrinsic
__  Permeases (active + passive)
__  Pores or apertures
__  Functional "R" Groups
__  Glycoproteins or carbohydrates (recognition)
__  Diagrams appropriately used with explanation
__  Selectivity
 
TRANSPORT				Max = 9 points
 
PASSIVE TRANSPORT:
__  Definition of Diffusion
__  Osmosis
__  Size of molecule / polarity
__  Facilitated Diffusion
__  Function of pores
 
ACTIVE TRANSPORT:
__  Definition
__  ATP
__  ATPase
__  Na+/K+  Pump
__  Substances diffuse in-need transport out
__  Carrier molecules and specificity
 
 
 
CELL QUESTION 1984:				L. PETERSON/ECHS
 
	Describe the structure of a generalized eukaryotic plant cell. Indicate the ways
	in which a nonphotosynthetic prokaryotic cell would differ in structure from
	this generalized eukaryotic plant cell.
 
STANDARDS:
 
STRUCTURE, as part of the eukaryotic cell:		DESCRIPTION:
     (1/2 point each)					     (1 point each)
__  Cell Wall						__  Cellulose
__  Cell Membrane					__  Protein/phospholipid or
							       phospholipid bilayer
__  Cytoplasm						__  Fluid with dissolved substances
__  Vacuole						__  Protein/phospholipid or water
__  Mitochondria					__  Cristae, folding convolutions
__  Ribosomes						__  Two Subunits
__  Golgi Bodies					__  Phospholipid/protein, cisternae,
							       vesicles
__  Chloroplasts					__  Stroma, grana, thylakoids
__  Lysosomes						__  Phospholipid/protein membrane
							       or digestive enzyme
__  Nucleus						__  Double nuclear membrane or 
							       envelope
__  Nucleolus						__  RNA present, fibrillar
__  Chromosome					__  Double strand, DNA and Protein
__  Plasmodesmata					__  Cytoplasmic bridge
__  Peroxisomes					__  Membrane Bound
__  Flagella						__  9 + 2
__  Microtubules, microfilaments			__  Tubulin protein/actin protein
MAX. = 4 points					MAX. = 7 points
TOTAL MAXIMUM = 10 points
 
II.  STRUCTURE						COMPARISONS/DIFFERENCES of a
							simple cell and a complex cell.
	(2 points each pair / structure and comparison) 
__  Cell Wall						__  No cellulose; murein present
__  Cell Membrane					__  No cholesterol
__  Membrane-bound organelles absent			__  Name one organelle
__  OR AT LEAST 2:  vacuole, mitochondria,		__  Absent
       nucleus, E.R., lysosome, peroxisome,
       chloroplast
__  AT LEAST 2:  microtubules, microfilaments,		__  Absent
       plasmodesmata
__  Ribosomes						__  Smaller, few, free floating
__  Nuclear membrane					__  Absent
__  Genetic material					__  Single, no protein, circular,
							      plasmids
__  Flagella						__  No 9 + 2
BONUS:  Elaboration: evolution, size, two additional structures and comparisons for
	 each structure = one point each
MAXIMUM = 10 points in Section II.
 
 
AP CELL QUESTION 1987:				L. PETERSON/ECHS
 
	Discuss the process of cell division in animals. Include a description of
	mitosis and cytokinesis, and of the other phases of the cell cyle.
	Do not include meiosis.
 
STANDARDS:
PART I.  DESCRIPTION OF MITOSIS IN ANIMAL CELLS:		Max. = 7 points
General
__  division of nucleus
__  daughter cells acquire the same number and kinds of chromosomes as in the mother cell
__  process for growth or repair or asexual reproduction
__  list phases in correct order (P,M,A.T)
Prophase (one point each / max. 2)
__  centrioles move apart
__  chromosomes condense
__  nucleolus is no longer visible
__  nuclear envelope disappears
__  asters and spindle form
Metaphase
__  sister chromatids (chromosomes) are in a line at the midpoint of the spindle
Anaphase (one point each / max. 2)
__  centromeres uncouple (split)
__  chromosomes move to opposite poles
__  microtubules involved in the push/pull movement
Telophase (one point each / max. 2)
__  reverse of prophase
__  nuclear envelope reforms
__  nucleolus reappears
__  chromosomes become diffuse
__  spindle and aster disappear
__  centrioles are replicated
Points less frequently mentioned:
__  function of centrioles
__  definition of kinetochores
__  description of polar microtubules and kinetochore microtubules
__  definition of chromatids
*In order to obtain a score of 10, there must be points in all three sections.
  If only two sections are written the maximum is 9. 
PART II.  CYTOKINESIS:
  __  division of cytoplasm
__  formation of a cleavage furrow
__  occurrence of cytokinesis in the cell cycle
Points less frequently mentioned:
__  function of cytokinesis
__  dense belt of actin and myosin microfilaments
__  purse-string mechanism
__  furrow occurs at location of equatorial plane
__  cytochalasin blocks activity of microfilaments (stops cytokinesis)
 
 
 
 
PART III.  OTHER PHASES OF THE CELL CYCLE (INTERPHASE):
General
__  list G1, S, and G2 in correct order
__  G1, S, and G2 are part of interphase
__  chromosomes appear as a mass of chromatin material
G1
__  synthesis of cell organelles or cell doubles in size
__  restriction (decision) point or point of no return
S
__  synthesis or replication of DNA or DNA replication occurs during interphase
G2
__  synthesis of microtubular assembly, or prepare for mitosis
Points less frequently mentioned:
__  description of nucleosomes
__  times in each phase
__  growth factors
__  some cells do not go beyond G1
__  after cell passes "S", mitosis will usually continue
__  colchicine prevents the formation of microtubules