Chapter 8: Conition and Language

1. Which of these is most likely to be an example of a controlled process for most people?
     A. Brushing your teeth     .B. Driving a familiar route.     C. Studying for a test.     
     D. Turning off your alarm clock.

2. In cognitive psychology, the term "attention" refers to
     A. feeling compelled to focus on certain information.
     B. choosing whether or not to use automatic processing.
     C. directing mental effort to certain things and not others.
     D. computer simulations of internal mental activities.

3. In most laboratory research on concept formation, a participant demonstrates that he or she      has learned a concept by
     A. applying the concept to a new situation.     B. answering multiple-choice questions about it.
     C. teaching the concept to another person.     D. describing the rule that defines the concept.

4. How much effort and conscious thought do we usually invest in our decision making      processes?
     A. Most decisions require considerable effort and thought.
     B. Most decisions require very little effort or thought.
     C. It depends on the type of decision we are making.
     D. It is impossible to measure the effort a decision requires.

5. "Premise 1: All snakes are cold-blooded. Premise 2: All cold-blooded things are slimy.      Conclusion: All snakes are slimy." This is an example of a
     A. concept.    B. prejudice.     C. prototype.     D. syllogism.

6. When we are trying to figure out what to do to achieve some goal, especially when there are      obstacles that block us from reaching it, psychologists say we are involved in
     A. problem solving.    B. hypothesis testing.     C. concept formation.     
     D. syllogistic reasoning.

7. The first of the four stages in problem-solving involves ______; the last stage involves      ______.
     A. choosing a solution to try; deciding if the solution worked
     B. generating a list of possible solutions; trying one of the possible solutions
     C. recognizing and assessing the problem; deciding whether the solution has worked
     D. thinking of solutions to the problem; developing an insight

8. A response to a problem is considered to be creative if it is
     A. strange, surprising, and complex.     B. artistic, literary, or musical.
     C. challenging, individualistic, and shocking.     D. original, novel, and appropriate.

9. According to the text, what is the relationship between creativity and intelligence?
     A. This question has never really been studied.
     B. There is no firm relationship between creativity and IQ.
     C. Creative people are more intelligent than others.
     D. Creative people are less intelligent than others.

10. The problem-solving heuristic that involves breaking a problem down into several smaller      steps is called
     A. algorithmic analysis.     B. subgoal analysis.     C. backward analysis.     
     D. linkage analysis.

11. Modern research on how information is stored in our brains indicates that
     A. all information on a certain topic is stored together.
     B. only information that is stored together can be accessed.
     C. human memories are organized just like computer memories.
     D. information is scattered in different portions of the brain.

12. When people are bilingual, speaking two or more languages very well, how will they respond      when given personality tests in the two languages?
     A. Their responses will be the same in either language.
     B. They will respond more securely in their first language.
     C. They will reflect the culture of the language they are using.
     D. They will show more friendliness in their second language.

1. C
2. C
3. D
4. C
5. D
6. A
7. C
8. D
9. B
10. B
11. D
12. C




























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