Chapter 6: Learning
1. Conditioning is a systematic procedure in which
A. someone is forced by others to
act against his or her will.
B. an animal is trained to perform
a certain sequence of actions.
C. associations and responses to
specific stimuli are learned.
D. beliefs about the way people
will act are developed.
2. Stefan's college dining hall has "Italian nights"
occasionally, with checkered tablecloths, at which they serve
a food that does not agree with Stefan's digestion at all. After
this happened several times, just the sight of the checkered tablecloths
makes his stomach upset. In this example, getting an upset stomach
from the sight of the tablecloths alone would be the
A. unconditioned response. B.
conditioned response.
C. unconditioned stimulus. D.
conditioned stimulus.
3. When the conditioned stimulus is presented alone, not followed
by the unconditioned stimulus, what will happen to the conditioned
response?
A. It will become weaker and less
likely. B. It will become stronger
and less likely.
C. It will be conditioned to a new
stimulus. D. It will become a new
conditioned stimulus.
4. A day care provider gives special stickers to the children
who behave as they should, perhaps by being quiet at nap time
or eating neatly, and this encourages the children to behave in
the future. This person is using ______ to control the children's
behavior.
A. observational learning B.
circadian learning
C. classical conditioning D.
operant conditioning
5. When an organism gives a conditioned response to a stimulus
that is similar but not identical to the conditioned stimulus,
it is
A. operationalization. B.
cognitive restructuring.
C. stimulus discrimination. D.
stimulus generalization.
6. When an organism has been accidentally reinforced after some
behavior so the behavior increases, but the reinforcement does
not actually depend on the behavior at all, the result is
A. conditional neurosis. B.
spontaneous recovery.
C. superstitious behavior. D.
unconditional reinforcement.
7. Classical conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus is paired
over and over with a(n)
A. conditioned stimulus. B.
unconditioned stimulus.
C. conditioned response. D.
discriminative stimulus.
8. When left to himself on Saturdays, Sasha spends several hours
watching TV and only a few minutes straightening up his room.
According to the Premak principle, his parents could use the opportunity
to ______ as a reinforcer for his ______ behavior.
A. eat favorite foods; TV watching B.
play outside; room straightening
C. straighten his room; TV watching D.
watch TV; room straightening
9. An important problem that arises when attempting to use operant
conditioning principles to control someone's behavior in real
life is
A. making sure the unconditioned
stimulus is strong enough.
B. knowing ahead of time what will
act as a reinforcer.
C. remembering to deliver the reinforcer
every time.
D. choosing between the use of punishment
and reinforcement.
10. One common unintended result of using punishment to control
behavior is that it may
A. make people more aggressive in
many situations.
B. eliminate the behavior completely,
even when appropriate.
C. form a bond between the punisher
and the punished person.
D. make positive reinforcers into
negative reinforcers.
11. A mother who is trying to curb a child's between-meal snacks
might set a rule that there will be no snacks unless it is at
least one hour since the child last ate. In this case, the child's
behavior of asking for a snack will be reinforced on a ______
schedule of reinforcement.
A. variable interval B.
fixed interval
C. variable ratio D.
fixed ratio
12. In general, reinforcers and punishers are more effective if
they are delivered
A. after some delay. B.
immediately after the behavior.
C. before the desired behavior. D.
no matter what the organism does.
1. C
2. B
3. A
4. D
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. D
9. B
10. A
11. B
12. B