1. If you stare at a brightly lit picture for a minute and then
look away, you see a negative afterimage. Sometimes that
afterimage seems to move. What makes it move?
A. fluctuations in the opening of the pupil
B. fatigue of axons composing the optic nerve
C. drift of fluids across the cornea
D. voluntary movements of the eyes
2. The term "color constancy" refers to the fact that
A. you see mostly red and green in the fovea, mostly yellow and blue in the periphery.
B. after you stare at a brightly colored object and then look away, you see a different color.
C. you continue to see color briefly after the lights are turned of f.
D. a green apple still look. green even when you wear red glasses.
3.. According to the trichromatic (or Young-Helmholtz) theory
of color vision, how do we tell the difference between bright
yellow light and dim yellow light?
A. The bright light produces a different ratio of firing by the three types of cones than the dim light does.
B. The bright light produces a greater total amount of activity by the cones than the dim light does.
C. The dim light produces negative afterimages, but the bright light does not.
D. The bright light excites rods as well as cones, while the dim light excites only cones.
4. According to the opponent-process theory of color vision, we perceive color by
A. different frequencies of impulses by each receptor in the retina.
B. varying levels of activity by three types of cones.
C. a redgreen system and a yellowblue system.
D. a comparison by the cortex of light patterns in different parts of the retina.
5. We can determine whether a sound is coming from a source close to us or a source far away by attending to the difference between
A. sounds heard immediately and reflected sounds heard later.
B. the response in the left ear and the response in the right ear.
C. the responses by the hair cells close to the stirrup and the responses by hair cells farther away along the basilar membrane.
D. the loudness at the beginning of the sound and the loudness one second later.
6. Conductive deafness is caused by damage to the
A. cochlea.
B. bones connected to the eardrum.
C. auditory nerve.
D. hair cells along the basilar membrane.
7. Our ability to distinguish one highfrequency sound from another - for example, 8000 Hz from 9000 Hz - depends on
A. which part of the basilar membrane has hair cells with the greatest activity.
B. the frequency of action potentials produced by each axon in the auditory nerve.
C. differences in response between cells in the left ear and cells in the right ear.
D. differences in the velocity of individual action potentials of the auditory nerve.
8. When people try to judge whether a stimulus is present or absent, they make correct judgments, misses, and false alarms. The study of their answers is known as
A. signaldetection theory.
B. Gestalt psychology.
C. opponentprocess theory.
D. the psychophysical function.
9. Subliminal perception" means perceiving
A. stimuli weaker than the sensory threshold.
B. by a combination of attentive and preattent ive processes.
C. information without the use of any sense organ.
D. stimuli that might affect your behavior.
10. Investigations of supposed "backward messages" on rock records indicate that
A. such messages are perceived consciously and they exert strong and lasting effects on behavior.
B. people resist such messages and generally do exactly the opposite of what the message. tell them to do.
C. if such messages are present, they have little or no effect on our behavior.
D. such messages are perceived unconsciously and they exert strong and lasting effects on behavior.
11. Which of the following is an example of motion parallax?
A. You feel tension in your eye muscles when you focus on a nearby object.
B. As you travel in a car, nearby objects pass by faster than distant objects do.
C. An illuminated point in an otherwise dark room appears to move.
D. People notice a slowly moving object even if they had not been paying attention to it before it started to move.
12. One explanation for many optical illusions is that people
A. ignore information that suggests three dimensions
B. have more feature detectors sensitive to vertical lines than to horizontal lines.
C. misjudge sizes because they misjudged distances.
D. make more vertical eye movements than horizontal movements.
13. In the MullerLyer illusion lines with outward-facing arrowheads
appear larger than lines with inward facing arrowheads. Crosscultural
studies have shown that
A. the illusion is stronger in city dwellers in Zaire than in farm dwellers, but both experience it.
B. the illusion is stronger in farm dwellers in Zaire than in city dwellers, but both experience it.
C. the illusion is strong in city dwellers and completely absent in people from cultures with circular huts.
D. there is no difference among people in the experience of the illusion.
14. What is the "moon illusion"?
A. seeing movement that isnt really there out of the corner of your eye on a moonlit night.
B. Seeing the horizon moon as larger than the overhead moon.
C. Perceiving faces on the surface of the moon when you look at a full moon.
D. Seeing the moon move in one direction when clouds are actually moving in the other.
15. Which part of the eye changes its shape to enable us to focus
first on a distant object and then on a nearby object?
A. retina
B. cornea
C. pupil
D. lens
16. Why are some people nearsighted (myopic)?
A. Their fovea is in the shadow of the pupil.
B. Their lens has become stiff and inflexible.
C. Their eyeball is elongated; the distance from pupil to retina is long.
D. Their eyeball 1 is flattened, the distance from pupil to retina is short.
17. Sometimes people with cataracts have the lens of the eye removed surgically. Which of the following is most likely to change in their vision?
A. All wavelengths of light will appear the same color.
B. They will no longer be able to see at all.
C. They will be able to see infrared light, which they could not previously see.
D. They will see some colors, especially blues, more clearly than before.
ANS.: D, D, B, C, A, B, A, A, A, C, B, C, A, B, D, C, D