In the Expressive Transducer--The Lips, Hard Palate and Velum (Soft Palate) are structures necessary to create oral pressure for speech.

Consonants are essential to speech intelligibility and require oral pressure to be produced.

Cleft lip and cleft palate can cause additional problems of parental rejection which results in a deprivation of important referents for the child.

Parents need to know that the prognosis for a normal life for the Cleft Lip and/or Palate child is extremely good.

The major impediment to the Expressive Transducer's function is Paralysis

In cases of paralysis the function of the Expressive Transducer (speech) may be emulated by computers.

The Receptive Transducer for Aural Communication is the ear. It is the Perceptual processes, however, that enable us to hear.

The Receptive Transducers converts only a small portion of the stimulus, but it is more than the brain can process.

Figure-ground discrimination is one perceptual process.

The Language Bridge is a chain of processes which joins two human brains.