LIST OF EXPERIMENTS: WHAT CONCEPTS CAN BE SUPPORTED BY EACH?

Clonal analysis of cell using injected dye

Placing identical quail tissues for excised chicken areas

Knockout gene in stem cells

Irradiation of vegetal pole

Transplantation of nuclei

Grafts on early gastrula; limb; neurula

Breakup of cytoskeleton by drugs

Cell dissociation by trypsin or chelators like EDTA

Causing abnormal development with chemicals which disrupt signalling or metabolism

Reporter gene with various promoters or pieces of promoter injection into egg nucleus

Deletion of cells during cleavage or of tissues in later development

Isolation of cells in culture or add factors to cells in culture

Combination of cells in culture

Mutant embryos

Injection of cytoplasm into mutant embryos at early cleavage

Exposure to growth factors or hormones

Culture of tissues with fine filter between

Centrifugation

Compression

Electrophoresis of proteins

Electrophoresis of DNA after nuclease to look for footprinting

In situ hybridization with labeled cDNA made at a particular time or to a particular mRNA

Regeneration

Immunoblotting to detect presence of protein in gel

Immunocytochemistry to detect location of protein in cell

CONCEPTS

Specificity of cell recognition (sperm and egg; gastrulation)

Activation -sperm, egg

Cell cycle control in mitosis and meiosis

Mosaic vs regulation

Cytoplasmic determinants and localization mechanisms

Regional specification and pattern formation

Growth factors, receptors and second messenger pathways to gene switching

Oncogenes and control of growth and cell adhesion

Stem cells

Induction

Cell migration - contact guidance, contact inhibition, pathways normally followed

Homeotic genes and other gene-control genes

Levels of gene control: transcription, processing, translation

Cell differentiation

Determination

Potency

Fate

Fields and positional information

Morphogens and gradients

Receptors and hormones; metamorphosis and sex organs

Neotony and paedomorphosis and heterocrony

Relation of ontogeny and phylogeny

HOX and compartmentation

Morphogenesis, cell adhesion

Epithelial-mesenchyme interaction

Germ layer compartments give rise to different tissues