Anonymous.  . 1997. . "Arm-twisting Latin America,"  . Economist, . v342n8010 (Mar 29, 1997): 17.

[An editorial notes that when it "decertifies" neighboring countries in the war on drugs, the US achieves more insult than effect.  Although both Colombia and Mexico are awash with drugs and drug traffickers, the US is in no position to pass judgment on them.]   {Editorials Drug trafficking Sanctions International relations-US}

Anonymous.  1997.   "Drugs in the Americas: Time for Retreat?,"  . Economist, . v342n8007 (Mar 8, 1997): 44-47.

[The war on drugs waged by the US has had little discernible effect on the price or availability of narcotics on the streets of North American cities, and the annual "decertification" of countries deemed uncooperative in the fight against drugs is troublesome. Colombia, especially, has been put in an awkward position with this yearÕs decertification, which may lead to some changes in US policies.]   {International relations- US Drugs Drug trafficking}

Clawson, Patrick & Renssalaer W. Lee III.  1996.  The Andean Cocaine Industry. New York: St. MartinÕs Press.

Edmundson, Mark. 1997.  "Dealing with Drugs: What Cultural Studies Could Contribute,"  Chronicle of Higher Education, v43n45 (Jul 18, 1997): B4-B5.

[Argues that professors have a responsibility to students to learn more about drugs and to speak about them candidly and intelligently.]

Friman, H. Richard.  1991.  "The United States, Japan, and the International Drug Trade,"  . Asian Survey,  v31n9 (Sep 1991): 875-890.

[Scholars appear to have paid scant attention to the political dynamics shaping relations between the US and Japan on the issue of the war against drugs.  The importance of international and domestic pressures in shaping Japanese drug policy are discussed.]   {Drug trafficking International relations-US Politics Drug policy}

Friman, H. Richard.  1996.  NarcoDiplomacy: Exporting the U.S. War on Drugs.  Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Goetz, Edward G.  1996.  "The US War on Drugs as Urban Policy,"  International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,  v20n3 (Sep 1996): 539-549.

[A war on drugs was initiated by the US government in the mid-1980s in which the government was aided and abetted by municipal police forces in large cities across the nation.  The spatial impact of the war on drugs in urban areas and the change in urban policy due to the war on drugs are discussed.]   {Drug abuse Government Urban areas Police administration Public policy}

Hatcher, Patrick Lloyd. 1997.  "The Unwinnable War on the Drug Trade,"  Orbis, v41n4 (Fall 1997): 653-657+.

[Comparative book review: Unintended Consequences: Illegal Drugs and Drug Policies in Nine Countries by LaMond Tullis, The Andean Cocaine Industry by Patrick Clawson and Renssalaer W. Lee III, Narco-Diplomacy: Exporting the U.S. War on Drugsby H. Richard Friman, Snow Job? The War Against International Cocaine Trafficking by Kevin Jack Riley, Global Habit: The Drug Problem in a Borderless W orld by Paul B. Stares, and Drugs in the Western Hemisphere: An Odyssey of Cultures in Conflict edited by William O. Walker III.]     {Drug policy Cocaine Drug trafficking}

Knoester, Mark.  1998.  "War in Colombia,"  Social Justice,  v25n2 (Summer 1998): 85-109.

[The announced "war on drugs" in Colombia and how money earmarked for drug prevention is used for other purposes are examined. US military aid should be stopped due to human rights abuses and government corruption in Colombia,]   {Human rights Foreign aid Drug policy Foreign policy Corruption in government}

McCaffrey, Barry R.  1996.  "The So-called War on Drugs,"  Vital Speeches of the Day,  v62n11 (Mar 15, 1996): 325-326.

[The metaphor of "War on Drugs" is inadequate to describe the drug menace that faces the American public. McCaffrey, director designee of the Office of National Drug Control Polcy, discusses the issues of drug abuse, drug trafficking, substance abuse treatment, and drug policy in the US.]     {Drug abuse Substance abuse treatment Drug trafficking Social conditions and trends Drug policy}

Miranda, Joseph.  1998.  "War or Pseudo-war?,"  Social Justice,  v25n2 (Summer 1998): 65-84.

[US objectives in its "War on Drugs" are examined. The war on drugs is a "pseudo-war" because people gain the thrills of fighting a war without having to suffer from the casualties and destruction of a real war, but this strategy fails when confronted by actual armed resistance.]     {Drug policy Drug prevention Drug trafficking Law enforcement}

Pollan, Michael. 1997.  "Opium Made Easy: One Gardener's Encounter with the War on Drugs,"  Harper's, v294n1763 (Apr 1997): 35-58.

[Warns other gardeners who might be interested in growing the spectacular annual Papaver paeoniflorum or Papaver somniferum (the Poppy) that growing them could be a felony. Growing of the Poppy becomes illicit not because of what a gardener does, or what a gardener intends, but because of what a gardener might know about the Poppy.]     {Flowers Plants Narcotics Gardens Gardening Crime}

Riley, Kevin Jack.  1996.  Snow Job?: The War Against International Cocaine Trafficking.  New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

Stares, Paul B. 1996.  "Drug Legalization: Time for a Real Debate,"  Brookings Review, v14n2 (Spring 1996): 18-20.

[The complexities and uncertainties surrounding the notion of drug legalization are discussed. Greater precision in defining more permissive regulatory regimes is critical to evaluating drug legalization.]     {Drug legalization; Drug policy Federal; regulation}

Stares, Paul B.  1996.  Global Habit: The Drug Problem in a Borderless World; . Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.

Tullis, F. LaMond.  1995.  Unintended Consequences: Illegal Drugs and Drug Policies in Nine Countries.  Boulder: L. Rienner Publishers.

Walker III, William O. (ed.). ****. Drugs in the Western Hemisphere: An Odyssey of Cultures in Conflict. ****.

Webb, Gary. ****.  Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion. Seven Stories Press. 

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