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Urban Ecology and Design: Working Bibliography
Ashwani Vasishth ashwani@csun.edu
[Last Update: May 28, 2004]
Adams, Lowell W. & Daniel L. Leedy
(eds.). 1987. Integrating Man and Nature In the Metropolitan Environment.
Columbia, MD: National Institute for Urban Wildlife. [Proceedings of a National
Sympoisum on Urban Wildlife, 4-7 November 1986, Chevy Chase, Maryland.]
Adams, Lowell W. & Daniel L. Leedy
(eds.). 1991. Wildlife Conservation In Metropolitan Environments.
Columbia, MD: National Institute for Urban Wildlife. [Proceedings of a National
Symposium on Urban Wildlife, 11-14 November 1990, Cedar Rapids, Iowa.]
Adams, Lowell W. 1994. Urban Wildlife
Habitats: A Landscape Perspective. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota
Press.
Alier, Joan
Martinez. . “Problems of Ecological Degradation:
Environmental Justice or Ecological Modernization? " Capitalism,
Nature, Socialism 14.1 (2003): 133-138. ProQuest, USC, 26 May. 2004 <http://www.proquest.com/> [Alier reviews several books including
"Environmental Justice in South Africa" edited by David A. McDonald,
"Unsustainable South Africa: Environment, Development and Social
Protest" by Patrick Bond, et al, and "Forests in a Full World"
by George M. Woodwell, et al.]
Allmann, Laurie. 1996. Far from Tame:
Reflections from the Heart of A Continent. Minneapolis, MN: University of
Minnesota Press. [Maps of Major landscape eco-regions of Minnesota, Wisconsin,
and Michigan and Subsections within major landscape eco-regions on endpapers.]
Altman, Irwin & Ervin H. Zube (eds.).
1989. Public Places and Spaces. New York: Plenum Press.
Arnold,
Chester L., Jr. & C. James Gibbons.
1996. “Impervious surface
coverage” The emergence of a key environmental indicator,” Journal of the American Planning
Association, v. 62 (Spring '96) p. 243-58. Planners concerned with water resource protection in
urbanizing areas must deal with the adverse impacts of polluted runoff. Impervious surface coverage is a
quantifiable land-use indicator that correlates closely with these
impacts. Once the role and
distribution of impervious coverage are understood, a wide range of strategies
to reduce impervious surfaces and their impacts on water resources can be
applied to community planning, site-level planning and design, and land use
regulation. These strategies
complement many current trends in planning, zoning, and landscape design that
go beyond water pollution concerns to address the quality of life in a
community.]
Banerjee,
Tridib. 1996. “Role of indicators in monitoring growing
urban regions: The case of planning in India's national capital region,” Journal of the American Planning
Association, v. 62 (Spring '96) p. 222-35. [This paper discusses the role of indicators in
planning, using planning currently underway in India's National Capital Region
(Delhi and its hinterland) as a case in point. It argues that judicious use of indicators can indeed make
the planning process better informed. The paper demonstrates how various
indicators based on data easily obtained can offer useful intelligence in
making strategic choices for directing and managing future growth. The paper has three parts: (a) a discussion of the background of
the NCR (National Capital Region) planning efforts, and the particular
assumptions driving the planning for this mega-city region; (b) an analysis of
the dynamics and implications of population change in the NCR system of cities,
and the effectiveness of established indicators; and (c) a case for using
indicators of infrastructure stress when evaluating the capacity of individual
settlements to absorb future growth.]
Beatley, Timothy & Kristy Manning. 1997.
The Ecology of Place: Planning for Environment, Economy, and Community.
Washington, DC: Island Press.
Beatley, Timothy. 2000. Green
Urbanism: Learning from European Cities. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Bentley, Ian. 1999. Urban
Transformations: Power, People and Urban Design. London; New York:
Routledge.
Bissonette, John A. 1997. Wildlife and
Landscape Ecology: Effects of Pattern and Scale. New York: Springer. [Some
of these papers were originally presented at the Second Annual Meeting of the
Wildlife Society in Portland, Oregon in September of 1995.]
Bradley, Gordon A. (ed.). 1995. Urban
Forest Landscapes: Integrating Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Seattle:
University of Washington Press.
Breuste, Jurgen & Hildegard Feldmann
& Ogarit Uhlmann (eds.). 1998. Urban Ecology. Berlin; New York:
Springer-Verlag.
Bridgman, Howard A.& Robin Warner &
John Dodson. 1995. Urban Biophysical Environments. Melbourne
[Australia]; New York: Oxford University Press.
Brown, Lester R. & Jodi L. Jacobson.
1987. The Future of Urbanization: Facing the Ecological and Economic
Constraints. Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute. {Urbanization;
Developing countries; Urban ecology (Biology); Urban economics.}
Burgess, Rod & Marisa Carmona, &
Theo Kolstee (eds.). 1997. The Challenge of Sustainable Cities:
Neoliberalism and Urban Strategies in Developing Countries. London;
Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Zed Books.
Burton, Elizabeth. 2000. “The compact city: Just or just compact? A preliminary
analysis,” Urban Studies
37.11 (2000): 1969-2006.
ProQuest, USC, 26 May. 2004 <http://www.proquest.com/> [The aim of the research described in this paper is to
examine the validity of the claims that higher-density urban form promotes
social equity - that is, promotes benefits for the life-chances of low-income
groups. Overall, the evidence suggests that, for medium-sized English cities,
higher urban densities may be positive for some aspects of social equity and
negative for others.]
Calderon, Gerald. 1991. Urban Ecology
[videorecording] / a production of FR 3 and Eolis Productions in cooperation
with UNESCO ; directed by Gerald Calderon. Princeton, N.J.: Films for the
Humanities & Sciences, c1991. [Examines the changing urban ecology of
Abidjan, capital of the Ivory Coast, in light of the problems caused by
increased population and industrial and agricultural mechanization.] {VHS;
Urban ecology; C*ote d'Ivoire; Abidjan; Unesco. Films for the Humanities
­ AFA VID 58 }
Calthorpe, Peter. 1993. The Next American
Metropolis: Ecology, Community, and the American Dream. New York: Princeton
Architectural Press, c1993.
Canadian International Development Agency.
1998. An Urbanizing World: Statement On Sustainable Cities. Ottawa:
Canadian International Development Agency.
Chow, Julian
& Claudia Coulton.
1998. “Was there a social
transformation of urban neighbourhoods in the 1980s? A decade of worsening
social conditions in Cleveland, Ohio, USA,” Urban Studies
35.8 (1998): 1359-1375.
ProQuest, USC, 26 May. 2004 <http://www.proquest.com/> [One central thesis in recent urban poverty research,
that social context has further disadvantaged poor residents of central-city
neighbourhoods, has not been tested empirically. This analysis examines the
strength of relationships among adverse social conditions in neighbourboods in
one North American industrial city.]
Cohen, Maria
L. & John F. Potter.
2000. “Gardens for the
third millennium: The Garden of Eden to urban paradise,” Environmentalist
20.3 (2000): 273.
ProQuest, USC, 26 May. 2004 <http://www.proquest.com/>
Collins, James
P. & Ann Kinzig & Nancy B. Grimm & William F.
Fagan, et al. 2000. “A new urban ecology,” American Scientist 88.5 (2000): 416-425. ProQuest, USC, 26 May. 2004 <http://www.proquest.com/> [Modeling human communities as integral parts of
ecosystems poses special problems for the development and testing of ecological
theory. If there is a laboratory where ecological change can be studied at
close hand, it is the city.]
Cook, Edward & Hubert N. van Lier
(eds.). 1994. Landscape Planning and Ecological Networks. Amsterdam; New
York: Elsevier.
Crawford, Margaret. 1988. The Ecology of
Fantasy. Los Angeles, CA: Los Angeles Forum.
Dendrinos, Dimitrios S. 1992. The
Dynamics of Cities: Ecological Determinism, Dualism and Chaos. London; New
York: Routledge.
Devuyst, Dimitri & Luc Hens & Walter
De Lannoy (eds.). 2001. How Green Is the City?:
Sustainability Assessment and the Management of Urban Environments. New York: Columbia University Press.
Drucker, Susan J. & Gary Gumpert (eds.).
1997. Voices In the Street: Explorations In Gender, Media, and Public Space.
Cresskill, N.J.: Hampton Press.
Duany, Andres
& Emily Talen. 2002. “Transect planning,” Journal Of The American Planning Association
68.3 (2002): 245-266.
ProQuest, USC, 26 May. 2004 <http://www.proquest.com/> [This article outlines a new approach to the
implementation of New Urbanist and smart growth principles. The approach is
termed transect planning and is based on the creation of the set of human
habitats that vary by their level and intensity of urban character. In transect
planning, this range of environments, from rural to urban, is the basis for
organizing the components of the built world: building, lot, land use, street
and all of the other physical elements of the human habitats. Transect planning
seeks to create immersive environments, created to preserve the integrity of
each location along the rural-to-urban continuum.]
Dunn, Bryna
Gosgriff & Anne Steinemann.
1998. “Industrial ecology
for sustainable communities,” Journal
Of Environmental Planning And Management
41.6 (1998): 661-672.
ProQuest, USC, 26 May. 2004 <http://www.proquest.com/> [Industrial ecology is a promising approach that
planners can use to create more sustainable communities. The scientific basis
and planning implications of industrial ecology, which models urban systems on
natural systems to increase efficiency and to reduce resource consumption and
disposal, are examined. A case study of a successful eco-industrial system in
Kalundborg, Denmark, demonstrates ways in which industrial ecology can promote
key principles of sustainability. Lessons and directions for the role of planning
in industrial ecology are presented.]
Environmental Studies Board. 1980. Urban
Pest Management: A Report. Prepared by the Committee on Urban Pest
Management, Environmental Studies Board, Commission on Natural Resources,
National Research Council. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
European Foundation for the Improvement of
Living and Working Conditions. 1992. Cities and the Global Environment:
Proceedings of A European Workshop, The Hague, 5-7 December 1990. Shankill,
Co. Dublin, Ireland: Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the
European Communities. [Organised by the European Foundation for the Improvement
of Living and Working Conditions in co-operation with the Municipality of The
Hague. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working
Conditions. Hague (Netherlands)]
Ewing,
Reid. 1997. “Is Los Angeles-style sprawl
desirable?” Journal of the American Planning Association, v. 63 (Winter
1997) p. 107-26. [This
article reviews the literature on characteristics, causes, and costs of
alternative development patterns. In doing so it debunks arguments by Gordon
and Richardson in favor of Los Angeles-style sprawl. Sprawl is not suburbanization generally, but rather forms of
suburban development that lack accessibility and open space. Sprawl is not a
natural response to market forces, but a product of subsidies and other market
imperfections. The costs of sprawl
are borne by all of us, not just those creating it, and include inflated public
spending, loss of resource lands, and a waning sense of community. The only
realistic cure for sprawl is active planning of the sort practiced almost
everywhere except the United States (and beginning to appear here out of
necessity).]
Exline, Christopher H. & Gary L. Peters,
and Robert P. Larkin. 1982. The City: Patterns and Processes In the Urban
Ecosystem. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Fabos, Julius Gy & Jack Ahern (eds.).
1996. Greenways: The Beginning of An International Movement. Amsterdam;
New York: Elsevier.
Falck, Zachary
J.S. 2002. “Controlling the weed nuisance in
turn-of-the-century American cities,”
Environmental History 7.4 (2002): 611-631. Sciences
Module. ProQuest, USC, 26 May. 2004 <http://www.proquest.com/> [American cities inspired many environmental reforms
at the end of the nineteenth century. One movement that escaped quality
attention is weed control. Falck discusses urban efforts in weed control.]
Fernandes, Edesio (ed.). 1998. Environmental
Strategies for Sustainable Development In Urban Areas: Lessons from Africa and
Latin America. Aldershot, Hants, England; Brookfield, VT: Ashgate
Publishers. ["A selection of papers presented at the International
Conference 'Environmental Strategies for Sustainable Development in Urban
Areas: Lessons from Africa and Latin America', which was jointly promoted in
September 1996 by the Institute of Commonwealth Studies-ICS and the Institute
of Latin American Studies-ILAS of the University of London"]
Forman, Richard T.T. 1995. Land Mosaics:
The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge
University Press.
Francis,
Mark. 1999. “Proactive practice: visionary thought
and participatory action in environmental design,” Places (Cambridge, Mass.), v. 12 no2 (Winter '99) p.
60-2. [Part of a special
section on community participation in planning. Proactive practice implies a
fundamentally different approach from traditional professional practice in
environmental design. Proactive
professionals are characterized by a visionary, problem-solving role and by a
commitment to a participatory process through which a vision can be modified or
expanded by the community. Increasingly, designers and planners are becoming
engaged in this type of practice in public, private, nonprofit, and academic
settings. In order to develop
skills in proactive practice, students will need to take more courses outside
the traditional curriculum in design education, including criticism and
negotiation. A unique mix of
training, values, determination, persistence, and risk-taking will lead to
effective visionary action.]
Frey, Hildebrand W. 1999. Designing the
City: Towards A More Sustainable Form. New York: E & FN Spon.
Gilbert, Richard et al. 1996. Making
Cities Work: The Role of Local Authorities in the Urban Environment.
London: Earthscan.
Girard, Luigi F. (ed.). 2003. The Human Sustainable City: Challenges and
Perspectives from the Habitat Agenda.
Aldershot, Hants, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
Girardet, Herbert. 1993. The Gaia Atlas
of Cities: New Directions for Sustainable Urban Living. New York: Anchor
Books.
Girardet, Herbert. 1999. Creating
Sustainable Cities. Foxhole, Dartington, Totnes, Devon: Green Books.
Golany, Gideon. 1995. Ethics and Urban
Design: Culture, Form, and Environment. New York: J. Wiley.
Gordon, David (ed.). 1990. Green Cities:
Ecologically Sound Approaches To Urban Space. Montreal: Black Rose Books.
Gralla, Preston. 1995. How Cities Work.
Emeryville, CA: Ziff-Davis Press. {City planning; Urban policy; Urban ecology;
Planned unit developments; Urban transportation; Housing policy}.
Grange, Joseph. 1999. The City: An Urban
Cosmology. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press.
Grant,
Jill & Patricia Manuel & Darrell Joudrey. 1996. “A
framework for planning sustainable residential landscapes,” Journal of the American Planning
Association, v. 62 (Summer 1996) p. 331-44. [The authors present a normative vision and planning
framework for protecting landscapes and ecosystems. They suggest that good planning of residential environments
requires that planners re-examine priorities and regulations from the point of
view of sustaining landscape processes and functions. The health and prosperity of communities over the long term
depends upon natural processes and landscape function. Without a healthy environment, human
communities face uncertain futures.
Planning to sustain landscapes implies not only a new philosophy but
also different land-use practices within communities.]
Hahn,
Ekhart. 2002. “Towards ecological urban restructuring:
A challenging new eco-cultural approach,”
Ekistics 69.412-414 (2002): 103-115. Social
Science Module. ProQuest, USC, 26 May. 2004 <http://www.proquest.com/> [An expanded version of a paper discussed at the World
Society of Ekistics Symposium Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century
in Berlin on Oct 24-28, 2001 is presented. Among other things, Hahn presents a
challenging new eco-cultural approach towards ecological urban restructuring.]
Hamm, Bernd & Pandurang K. Muttagi
(eds.). 1998. Sustainable Development and the Future of Cities. London:
Intermediate Technology Publications; Unesco. Management of Social
Transformations Program (MOST).
Hansen, Andrew J. & Francesco di Castri
(eds.). 1992. Landscape Boundaries: Consequences for Biotic Diversity and
Ecological Flows. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Hansen, Jens Aage (ed.). 1996. Management
of Urban Biodegradable Wastes: Collection, Occupational Health, Biological
Treatment, Product Quality Criteria and End User Demand. London: James
& James (Science Publishers) for International Solid Waste Association.
Hansson, Lennart & Lenore Fahrig and
Gray Merriam (eds.). 1995. Mosaic Landscapes And Ecological Processes.
London; New York: Chapman & Hall.
Hart, John. 1992. Saving Cities, Saving
Money: Environmental Strategies That Work. Sausalito, CA: Resource Renewal
Institute; Davis, CA: agAccess [distributor]. ["Lessons from cities in the
United States, Canada, and Europe presented at the New Environmental Strategies
for Urban Prosperity workshop, March 22 and 23, 1991."]. {Environmental
protection; Environmental policy; Urban ecology.}
Haughton, Graham & Colin Hunter. 2003. Sustainable Cities. London; New York; Routledge, 2003.
Hengeveld, Henk & Cees de Vocht (eds.).
1982. Role of Water In Urban Ecology. Second International Environmental
Symposium of the Royal Netherlands Land Development Society (Koninklijke
Nederlandsche Heide Maatschappij), co-sponsored by the International
Association for Ecology (INTECOL) and Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company,
held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 27-31 August 1979. Amsterdam; New York:
Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company. ["Reprinted from Urban ecology,
vol. 6, pp. 1-362"]
Hooftman,
Eelco. 1999. “D-evolution and the Scottish
landscape,” Landscape Design,
no282 (July/Aug. 1999) p. 14-18.
[The writer discusses the opportunity for a new agenda for landscape
architecture in Scotland. He
describes Scotland's collaborations with Catalonia in northern Spain, an area
viewed as an alluring model for a new type of "Contemporary
Regionalism," and the Catalan influence on various public projects. He examines topics such as the mix of
regional and international styles in Edinburgh's new museum of Scotland, the
revival of "Scottishness" in streetscapes, and the quest for urban
renewal in waterfront regeneration.
Noting that the ordinary landscape is growing less distinguished due to
processes of globalization, he contends that the new Scottish Parliament should
change how the landscape is structured and organized by forming a comprehensive
National Plan, including a National Landscape Plan. He suggests that Scottish landscape architects work on
proposals to direct changes in the landscape, and he cites examples of successful
drives to prompt dialogue between art, architecture, and public space.]
Hough, Michael. 1984. City Form and
Natural Process: Towards A New Urban Vernacular. London: Croom Helm.
Hough, Michael. 1989. City Form and
Natural Process: Towards A New Urban Vernacular. London; New York:
Routledge.
Hough, Michael. 1995. Cities and Natural
Process. London; New York: Routledge.
Hughes, J.
Donald. 1998. “A sense of place,” Capitalism, Nature, Socialism
9.2 (1998): 91-96.
ProQuest, USC, 26 May. 2004 <http://www.proquest.com/>
Inoguchi, TakashI & Edward Newman &
Glen Paoletto (eds.). 1999. Cities and the Environment: New Approaches for
Eco-Societies. Tokyo; New York: United Nations University Press.
Janzen,
Russell. 2002. “Reconsidering the politics of nature: Henri
Lefebvre and the production of space,”
Capitalism, Nature, Socialism
13.2 (2002): 96-116.
ProQuest, USC, 26 May. 2004 <http://www.proquest.com/> [The bifurcation of geography as a discipline is
itself suggestive: "space" might serve as a more general boundary
discourse that problematizes the complex divisions and interactions between
nature and society.]
Jefferson, C. & J. Rowe & C. Brebbia
(eds.). 2001. The Sustainable Street: The
Environmental, Human and Economic Aspects of Street Design and Management. Southhampton; Boston: WIT Press.
Keil, Roger & Gerda R. Wekerle &
David V.J. Bell (eds.). 1996. Local Places In the Age of the Global City.
Montreal; New York: Black Rose Books.
Keil, Roger
& Ute Lehrer. 1999. “LA Story: Visions of Los Angeles'
other futures,” Capitalism,
Nature, Socialism 10.3 (1999): 45-52. ProQuest, USC, 26 May. 2004 <http://www.proquest.com/>
Kendle, Tony & Stephen Forbes. 1997. Urban
Nature Conservation: Landscape Management In the Urban Countryside. London;
New York: Spon.
Kennedy, Margrit & Declan Kennedy
(eds.). 1997. Designing Ecological Settlements: Ecological Planning and
Building: Experiences In New Housing and In the Renewal of Existing Housing
Quarters In European Countries. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer, on behalf of
European Academy of the Urban Environment.
Kingsley, G. Thomas et al. 1994. Managing
Urban Environmental Quality In Asia. World Bank technical paper; no. 220.
Washington, DC: World Bank.
Kohler, Manfred
& Marco Schmidt & Friedrich Wilhelm Grimme & Michael
Laar, et al. 2002. “Green roofs in temperate climates and
in the hot-humid tropics--far beyond the aesthetics,” Environmental Management And Health
13.4 (2002): 382-391.
ProQuest, USC, 26 May. 2004 <http://www.proquest.com/> [Green roofs contribute, to some extent, to a better
microclimate through evaporation, filtering of dust from the air and a decrease
in temperatures at the rooftop. Coupled with this microclimate improvement, is
the thermal comfort improvement under such roofs by more mass, dry or wet
substrate, and shading through the plants. Besides improving the microclimate
and the indoor climate, the retention of rainwater is another important
advantage. The risk of flooding in cities, which is increasing in many cities
due to a ground sealed by buildings, asphalt and concrete, can be diminished.
Since 2000 a scientific project in Rio de Janeiro is checking local parameters,
like possible vegetation, which can be used and substrate composition. Parallel
to this, four prototype roofs, three greened and one blank, are used to measure
the retention rate of the rain water and the temperature on the underside of
the roofs in order to analyse the possible improvement of the thermal comfort
in buildings. This paper describes the scientific results of Germany and
discusses the practicability on a larger scale under tropical conditions.]
Kosambi, Meera. 1986. Bombay In
Transition: The Growth and Social Ecology of A Colonial City, 1880-1980.
Stockholm, Sweden: Almqvist & Wiksell International.
Kreimer, Alcira et al. (eds.). 1993. Towards
A Sustainable Urban Environment: The Rio De Janeiro Study. Washington, DC:
World Bank, 1993. [Papers presented at a conference organized by the Brazilian
Institute for Metropolitan Administration (Instituto Brasileiro de
Administra*c*ao Municipal), Rio de Janeiro, Nov. 16-17, 1992, and sponsored by
the the World Bank (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development).]
Kristensen, Thomas Moller et al. (eds.).
1993. City and Nature: Changing Relations In Time and Space. Odense,
Denmark: Odense University Press.
Landis,
John D. 1995. “Imagining land use futures: applying
the California Urban Futures Model,”
Journal of the American Planning Association, v. 61 (Autumn '95)
p. 438-57. [The California
Urban Futures Model (or CUF Model) is the first of a new generation of
metropolitan planning models designed to help planners, elected officials, and
citizen groups create and compare alternative land-use policies. This article
explains how the CUF Model works and then demonstrates its use in simulating
realistic alternatives for regional and subregional growth policy/planning.
Part One explains the design principles and logic of the CUF Model. Part Two
presents CUF Model simulation results of three alternatives for growth
policy/land-use planning alternatives for the San Francisco Bay and Sacramento
areas. Part Three demonstrates the
use of the CUF Model for evaluating alternative agricultural protection and
zoning policies at the county, or subregional, level.]
Lang, Marvel (ed.). 1991. Contemporary
Urban America: Problems, Issues, and Alternatives. Lanham, MD: University
Press of America.
Laurie, Ian C. 1979. Nature In Cities:
The Natural Environment In the Design and Development of Urban Green Space.
Chichester; New York: Wiley.
Leitmann, Josef. 1994. Rapid Urban
Environmental Assessment: Lessons from Cities In the Developing World.
Washington, D.C.: Published for the UNDP/UNCHS Urban Management Programme by
the World Bank. [v. 1. Methodology and preliminary findings -- v.2. Tools and
outputs.] {Cities and towns--Environmental conditions; Environmental risk
assessment; Urban ecology; Environmental policy--Developing countries.]
Leitmann, Josef. 1999. Sustaining Cities:
Environmental Planning and Management In Urban Design. New York:
McGraw-Hill.
LeVine, Duane G. & Arthur C. Upton
(eds.). 1994. The City As A Human EnvironmentWestport, CT: Praeger.
Lober,
Douglas J. 1995. “Resolving the siting impasse: modeling
social and environmental locational criteria with a geographic information
system,” Journal of the
American Planning Association, v. 61 (Autumn '95) p. 482-95. [This site suitability study
examines the representation of social criteria for locating a recycling center,
and demonstrates how traditional overlay approaches to "McHargian"
site suitability analysis can be extended to include these social criteria
through the use of a geographic information system. The social criteria, characterized in terms of
"closeness" and distance, are examined in relation to siting policy
objectives of effectiveness and equity. One social representation is made by
transforming a range of the distances between population concentrations and a
waste facility into a map of attitudes of opposition towards the facility, using
empirical estimates of attitudes.
This social representation is combined with environmental criteria to
identify solutions that both satisfy environmental concerns and are the best
choices according to social criteria of being implementable and feasible,
rather than only according to the traditional criterion of maximum efficiency.]
Lowe, Marcia D. 1991. Shaping Cities: The
Environmental and Human Dimensions. Washington, D.C.: Worldwatch Institute.
Lynch, Kevin. 1990. Wasting Away. San
Francisco: Sierra Club Books. [Edited by Michael Southworth.]
Main, Hamish & Stephen Wyn Williams
(eds.). 1994. Environment and Housing In Third World Cities. Chichester;
New York: J. Wiley. [Includes some papers presented at a workshop held by the
Third World Science, Technology & Development Forum at Staffordshire
University in September 1991.]
Martin,
George. 2002. “Grounding social ecology: Landspace,
settlement, and right of way,” Capitalism,
Nature, Socialism 13.1 (2002): 3-30. ProQuest, USC, 26 May. 2004 <http://www.proquest.com/> [An auto social formation is a platform for the
emerging global political economy, which is driven by another round of time and
space compression--in the turnover of commodities, in the reach of the
corporation, and in the locations of workers, materials, and markets. Increased
automobility, especially in the form of light trucks and vans, is a significant
part of this restructuring for it supports one of its principal
pillars--outsourcing.]
McKee, David L. 1994. Urban Environments
In Emerging Economies. Westport, CT: Praeger.
McKinney,
Michael L. 2002. “Urbanization, biodiversity, and
conservation,” Bioscience
52.10 (2002): 883-890.
ProQuest, USC, 26 May. 2004 <http://www.proquest.com/> [The impacts of urbanization on native species are
poorly studied, but educating a highly urbanized human population about these
impacts can greatly improve species conservation in all ecosystems. Managing
the large amount of residential vegetation in ways that promote native plants
and animals could make a significant contribution to conservation.]
McKinney,
Michael L. 2003. “Understanding Urban Ecosystems: A New
Frontier for Science and Education,”
Bioscience 53.11 (2003): 1132-1134. ProQuest, USC, 26 May. 2004 <http://www.proquest.com/> [McKinney
reviews Understanding Urban Ecosystems: A New Frontier for Science and
Education edited by Alan R. Berkowitz, Charles H. Nilon, and Karen S. Hollweg.]
Mega,
Voula. 2002. “Cities and energy: The sustainability
(r)evolution,” Ekistics
69.412-414 (2002): 31-40. Social Science Module. ProQuest,
USC, 26 May. 2004 <http://www.proquest.com/> [Cities are the first and foremost places of social
synergies, economic interactions, and cultural efflorescence. Their success
depends largely on the quality of life they offer to citizens and their
capacity to generate and distribute wealth. Mega presents a series of
innovations in cities linked to energy.]
Miles,
John. 1994. “A mission to educate,” National Parks, v. 68 (Mar./Apr.
'94) p. 39-41. [Since its inception in 1919 as the
National Parks Association, the National Parks and Conservation Association
(NPCA) has focused on education, working to promote understanding and
appreciation of the national parks.
The article chronicles the NPCA's educational efforts from its inception
through the present.]
Miles, Malcolm & Tim Hall (eds.). 2003. Urban Futures: Critical Commentaries On Shaping the City. London; New York: Routledge.
Nasar, Jack L. 1998. The Evaluative Image
of the City. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Nassauer, Joan Iverson (ed.).. 1997. Placing
Nature: Culture and Landscape Ecology. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
Nelson, Lisa
S. 2001. “Community sustainability and land use,” Public Administration Review
61.6 (2001): 741-746.
ProQuest, USC, 26 May. 2004 <http://www.proquest.com/> [Four books concerning community sustainability and
land use are reviewed: 1. Green Urbanism: Learning from European Cities, by
Timothy Beatley, 2. The Impact of Public Policy on Environmental Quality and
Health: The Case of Land Use Management and Planning, by Amer El-Ahraf,
Mohammad Qayoumi and Ron Dowd, 3. Toward Sustainable Communities: Transition
and Transformations in Environmental Policy, edited by Daniel A. Mazmanian and
Michael E. Kraft, and 4. Building Rules: How Local Rules Shape Community
Environments and Economies, by Kee Warner and Harvey Molotch.]
Neuman,
Michael. 1998. “Does planning need the plan?,” Journal of the American Planning
Association, v. 64 no2 (Spring '98) p. 208-20. [From modern city planning's inception in the mid-
nineteenth century the Plan was its centerpiece. After World War II the plan's fortunes ebbed. Plans and comprehensive planning were
subject to powerful critiques. In
spite of eloquent defences, practice and theory shifted from plan to
process. Urban planners were
advised to perform "middle-range" rather than comprehensive
tasks. Theorists focused, first,
on decisions and, later, on discourse and communicative action. Paradoxically, this situation has
existed alongside the fact that many important recent advances have been the
result of plans. Why is this
tendency not being researched more?
Why is contemporary planning theory generally quiet about the plan? Why are planners themselves shying away
from general plans in favor of quicker fixes? This article compares plan-based and non- plan-based
planning by looking at both practice and theory in historical and transatlantic
perspective.]
Nijkamp, Peter
& Gerard Pepping. 1998. “A meta-analytical evaluation of
sustainable city initiatives,” Urban
Studies 35.9 (1998): 1481-1500. ProQuest, USC, 26 May. 2004 <http://www.proquest.com/> [The role of the city in environmental management is
increasingly coming to the fore. A central element in creating urban
environmental sustainability is the adoption of appropriate energy policies,
since most environmental externalities in cities are directly or indirectly
related to energy use. The current practice demonstrates an overwhelming
variety of initiatives and policies, so that the actual success of such
strategies in a cross-sectional comparative perspective is hard to evaluate.]
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farmland and fragile forest, desert, and wetland ecosystems. The National
Science Foundation has formed long-term ecological research programs to address
this problem.]
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ecological role of cities and to estimate the scale of the impact they are
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ecological decline. At the same time, cities and their inhabitants can play a
major role in reversing it.]
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Publishers Group West.
[Contents: As we build so shall we live -- The city in evolution -- The
city in nature -- The city in history -- The city today -- Access and
transportation -- What to build -- Plunge on in: economics and politics --
Tools to fit the task -- Toward strategies for success.]
Robbins, Paul
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Economic Geography 79.4 (2003): 425-451. ProQuest, USC, 26 May. 2004 <http://www.proquest.com/> [The burgeoning application of fertilizers and
pesticides to residential lawns, which has begun to offset the gains made in
reducing the use of chemicals in agriculture, represents a serious
environmental hazard in the United States and elsewhere. Increased use and
purchase occur specifically among a sector of consumers who explicitly and
disproportionately acknowledge the risks associated with chemical deposition,
moreover, and who express concern about the quality of water and human health.
What drives the production of monocultural lawns in a period when environmental
consciousness has encouraged "green" household action (e.g.,
recycling)? And why does the production of chemical externalities occur among
individuals who claim to be concerned about community, family, and environment?
In this article, we explore the interactions that condition and characterize
the growth of intensive residential yard management in the United States. We
argue that the peculiar growth and expansion of the moral economy of the lawn
is the product of a threefold process in which (1) the lawn-chemical industry
has implemented new and innovative styles of marketing that (2) help to produce
an association of community, family, and environmental health with intensive
turf-grass aesthetics and (3) reflect an increasing local demand by consumers
for authentic experiences of community, family, and connection to the nonhuman
biological world through meaningful work. Key words: political ecology, toxins,
urban growth, consumption.]
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USC, 26 May. 2004 <http://www.proquest.com/> [Designing or transforming urban areas into
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city vision has been fulfilled. This paper defines a provisional set of urban
environmental sustainability metrics, chosen to cover the spectrum of issues
related to urban areas, and to be drawn from data that are customarily
available. A display technique is devised to communicate efficiently the
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Crime prevention and architectural design; Urban ecology--Safety
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changing relationships between planning action and practice and the dynamics of
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stand out as models of interaction between people, their social system, and the
way they organize space. Venturelli discusses the need for integrated
management of land and the environment and setting up observatories of the
transformations of the cultural landscapes. The role of the areas of
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examined.]
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concern and energy among academics for urban issues, their excessive
theorizing, and their inward-turning monographic topics and prose, he is
confused by Beauregard's peculiar history and challenges Beauregard's longing
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influential U.S. urban books with the aim of providing a keener perspective on
Beauregard's call for urban public intellectuals.]
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Wernstedt,
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Journal Of The American Planning Association
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ProQuest, USC, 26 May. 2004 <http://www.proquest.com/> [The federal Superfund program, which cleans up
properties contaminated with hazardous substances, has received relatively
little attention in the planning literature. The experiences of three Superfund
sites are examined in the context of a devolutionary sharing of federal
responsibilities with local-level stakeholders. The objectives are to highlight
the local dynamics of cleanup and redevelopment and to demonstrate the
importance of enforcement, incentives and information in shaping these dynamics
in Superfund and other environmental programs that rely increasingly on
community involvement and intergovernmental cooperation. Implications for the
planning community are discussed.]
Wheater, C. Philip. 1999. Urban Habitats.
London; New York: Routledge
Wheeler, Stephen
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regionalism and situates this movement within the historical evolution of
regional planning. Key characteristics include: 1. a focus on specific territories
and spatial planning; 2. a response to the particular problems of the
postmodern metropolitan region; 3. a holistic perspective that integrates
planning specialties as well as environmental, equity and economic goals; 4. a
renewed emphasis on physical planning, urban design and sense of place; and 5.
a more activist or normative stance on the part of planners.The implementation
of new regionalism concepts is likely to come about not through top-down
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institutions and frameworks of incentives and mandates between existing levels
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for assimilating growth and associated impacts. The use of analytical tools
such as carrying capacity analysis is recommended to assess the cumulative
impact of land development upon the resources. The application of carrying
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mandate the preparation of comprehensive plans.]
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Urban renewal; Urban ecology; Curitiba (Brazil)--Economic conditions.
International Bank of Reconstruction and Development.}
Wyly, Elvin
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dynamic restructuring of urban areas, with new elements of the landscape taken
as reflections of sweeping economic and sociocultural change. American cities
are portrayed as "galactic" and "restless" manifestations
of global and national industrial restructuring, Aidening income inequality,
demographic shifts, and the cultural sensibilities of new class formations.]
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Ecology; Environmental engineering.}
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[Last Update: May 28, 2004]