Afzal-Khan, Fawzia. 1993. Cultural Imperialism and the Indo-English Novel: Genre and Ideology in R.K. Narayan, Anita Desai, Kamala Markandaya, and Salman Rushdie. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.

{Criticism interpretation fiction History Literature society India Imperialism.}

Al-Haqeel, Abdallah S. & Srinivas R. Melkote. 1995. "International Agenda-setting Effects of Saudi Arabian Media: A Case Study," Gazette, v55n1 (1995): 17-37.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Altschull, J.H. 1984. Agents of Power: The Role of News Media in Human Affairs. New York: Longman.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Anand, A. 1993. "Introduction," 1-24 in Women's Feature Service (ed.), The Power to Change: Women in the Third World Redefine their Environment. New Jersey: Zed Books.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Andersen, P.A. & M.W. Lustig & J.F. Andersen. 1990. "Changes in Latitude, Changes in Attitude: The Relationship between Climate and Interpersonal Communication Predispositions," Communication Quarterly, v38 (1990): 291-311.

[Examine the relationship between climate and cultural predispositions within the US. Argue that 42% of the variance in cultural interpersonal arousal can be accounted for by average temperature. ] {Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Anonymous. 1994. "Plus ca Change . . . ," New Scientist, v142n1929 (Jun 11, 1994): 3.

[Some people may believe that the Internet is a tool of subversion that will give birth to a new form of collective democracy. However, communication is not enough to create a new form of democracy. The Internet wonít do more than add an occassional extra little bit of embarassment for governments.] {Internet Communications Democracy}

Anonymous. 1995. "Against a Free Press," Editor and Publisher, v128n13 (Apr 1, 1995): 6.

[An editorial discusses the Council of Europe's vote in favor of press controls by governments in some instances. These permissible restrictions is the longest in any international law text.] {Editorials; Freedom of the press}

Anonymous. 1995. "Censorship in Cyberspace," Economist, v335n7909 (Apr 8, 1995): 16-17.

[An editorial notes that censorship in cyberspace is a bad idea, even if pornographers love the Internet. Cyberspace cannot be governed adequately by existing laws. Internet censorship legislation is discussed.] {Editorials Censorship Pornography and obscenity Internet Legislation}

Anonymous. 1996. "Late Developers Log On," Nature, v380n6573 (Apr 4, 1996): 379.

[More than 30 nations connected to the Internet for the first time in 1995. The rate of connection in LDCs often exceeds the overall growth rate of the Internet. Internet access in LDCs is discussed.] {Internet Developing countries LDCs}

Anonymous. 1998. "Asia: The Great Wall Wired," Economist, v346n8054 (Feb 7, 1998): 42-43.

[Chinese officials are confronted with the problem of trying to promote what they see as good use of the Internet while restricting what they do not like.] {Internet Public policy Censorship}

Anonymous. 1998. "China Imposes Internet Restrictions," Chronicle of Higher Education, v44n18 (Jan 9, 1998): A61.

[The Chinese government has announced new controls on access to the Internet. Officials warned that the Internet was being used to leak state secrets and spread "harmful" information.] {Internet Regulation}

Anonymous. 1998. "UNESCO Calls Infoethics Meeting," UNESCO Courier, v51n9 (Sep 1998): 44.

[UNESCO is organizing the second InfoEthics congress to address the urgency of political regulation and an ethical vision of the "global information society."] {Conferences Ethics Regulation Internet Privacy Information}

Arnove, Robert F. (ed.). 1985. Philanthropy and Cultural Imperialism: The Foundations at Home and Abroad. Boston, MA: G.K. Hall}

Baer, M. Delal. 1997. "Misreading Mexico," Foreign Policy, n108 (Fall 1997): 138-150.

[Challenges public and policy statements in US. Some arguments strong, others at least interesting and provocative.] {Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Barber, Benjamin R. 1998. "Democracy at Risk: American Culture in a Global Culture," World Policy Journal, v15n2 (Summer 1998): 29-41.

[Barber says that global culture is American--increasingly trapped within American culture in its technologically facilitated, free market supported, globalizing form--which he refers to as McWorld. Barber's McWorld with its global markets, consumer manipulation, illusion of competition, and its antigovernmental privatizing ideology is discussed.] {Globalization Monopolistic competition Privatization Democracy Social conditions and trends}

Barme, Geremie R.; Sang Ye. 1997. "The Great Firewall of China," Wired, v5n6 (Jun 1997): 138-151+.

[The technology that China needs to build the most powerful country on Earth in the 21st century threatens to undermine the institutions that rule the nation. Chinaís leaders are worried because the Internet takes aim squarely at things that have long been the stateís exclusive domain.] {Information technology Internet Government Regulation Censorship}

Berman, Jerry; Weitzner, Daniel J. 1997. "Technology and Democracy," Social Research, v64n3 (Fall 1997): 1313-1319.

[The Internet provides probably the best way to support the highest goals of democracy. It can help people engage in politics.] {Internet Politics Democracy}

Bittner, Patricia; de Ville de Goyet, Claude. 1997. "An Internet Forum for the Management of Disasters?" World Health, v50n6 (Nov 1997): 6-7.

[In 1995, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched a project designed to use the power of the Internet to build a disaster management network in Central America. The project has been expanded into South America.] {Internet; Disaster recovery; Computer networks; Developing countries; LDCs; Regions; Humanitarian aid}

Blaut, J.M. 1992. The Colonizerís Model of the World: Geographical Diffusionism and Eurocentric History. New York, London: The Guilford Press.

[That the "rise" of Europe over other civilizations did not begin until 1492--the colonization of the Americas. This gave Europe its edge. Challenges the "myth of the European Miracle." Well referenced.] {Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Bollag, Burton 1996. "Better Internet Access Sought for Researchers Around the World," Chronicle of Higher Education, v42n42 (Jun 28, 1996): A14-A16.

[Officials from industrialized countries met in Elsinore Denmark to discuss ways to improve Internet access for scholars around the world, while preventing plagiarism and excessive commercialization.] {Conferences; Industrialized nations; Internet; Research}

Bollag, Burton. 1994. "The 'Great Equalizer'," Chronicle of Higher Education, v40n43 (Jun 29, 1994): A17, A19.

[Some 1,100 Internet users from more than 100 countries gathered in Prague in Jun 1994 for the third annual meeting of the Internet Society to discuss the explosion of computer-based communications.] {Communications; Technology; Computer networks; Meetings}

Boman-Behram, B. K. 1943. Educational Controversies in India: The Cultural Conquest of India Under British Imperialism . Bombay: D.B. Taraporevala Sons & Co.

Bond, George. 1995. "Bosnia On-line," Byte, v20n3 (Mar 1995): 250. {Internet Social conditions and trends Communications}

[Although conferencing systems such as the Internet should be a forum of courtesy and democracy, the current cyberspace atmosphere is vicious and xenophobic. The information superhighway still has the capacity to be a welcoming community where people help each other.

Borenstein, Nathaniel S. 1998. "Whose Net is it Anyway?" Communications of the ACM, v41n4 (Apr 1998): 19-21.

[Borenstein comments that the best way to look at the Internet is as a global ecosystem. This viewpoint has implications for Internet governance and public policy.] {Internet; Public policy; Regulation}

Borman, Stu. 1996. "Is the Web Really Worldwide?," Chemical and Engineering News, v74n44 (Oct 28, 1996): 35.

[The question of whether scientists in developing countries have adequate access to the World Wide Web is examined. Barriers inhibiting Internet access in many countries are discussed.] {World Wide Web Scientists Developing countries LDCs Internet}

Bowers, Richard A. 1995. "The History of Media and Media Technology," CD-ROM Professional, v8n7 (Jul 1995): 109-112.

[Bowers examines parallels between the history of media technology and the coming generation of new media and discusses history of media and media technology resources.] {History Technology Mass media}

Brown, Monique R. 1997. "Around the World through Cyberspace," Black Enterprise, v28n5 (Dec 1997): 44.

[The Internet has a host of sites that contain information about countries around the globe. A guide to child-related geographical sites is presented.] {Geography; Internet; Web sites}

Brown, Robert U.. 1997. "Concern Over NWIO Revival," Editor and Publisher, v130n15 (Apr 12, 1997): 13, 43.

[Members of the International Press Institue expressed concern about ministers of information of non-aligned countries calling to resurrect the concept of a new world information and communication order. It is generally thought to be the first step toward regulation of journalists and censorship.] {Journalism Media Regulation Censorship Government}

Brown, Robert U.. 1997. "World Press Groups Gather in Brazil," Editor and Publisher, v130n7 (Feb 15, 1997): 39.

[A world meeting of newspaper organizations held Feb 4-7, 1997 in Brazil turned into a historic meeting of officers from 11 national and international press groups who exchanged views and established relationships in the furthering of global press freedoms.] {Organizations Newspapers Meetings}

Butalia, U. 1993. "Women and Alternative Media (India)" 51-60 in P. Lewis (ed.), Alternative Media: Linking Global and Local . Paris: UNESCO Publishing.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Butler, Declan. 1996. "Governments Urged to Back Internet Use," Nature, v381n6584 (Jun 20, 1996): 637.

[(Ref. only) At a meeting in Denmark, leaders from 27 industrialized countries began the process of greater collaboration to encourage and regulate the growth of the use of the Internet for research. This was the first step toward putting the Internet on the political agenda.] {International relations; Internet; Government}

Campbell, Larry. 1996. "The Internet: Screening Out the Flies," Nieman Reports, v50n3 (Fall 1996): 58-60.

[The Internet has dramatically increased the flow of information in Asia, where many governments try to control what their citizens say and read. Several Asian governments are taking measures to limit the Internet.] {Internet Authoritarianism Political dissent}

Carey, James W. 1989. Communication as Culture: Essays on Media and Society. Boston: Unwin Hyman.

{Mass media Culture. Communication Technological innovations.}

Carnoy, Martin. 1974. Education as Cultural Imperialism. New York, D. McKay Co.

Carothers, Thomas. 1994. "Enlarging Democracy: Democracy and Human Rights," Current, n367 (Nov 1994): 17-23.

[US policymakers are having difficulties devising a plan that can promote democracy and human rights simultaneously in other countries. A compromise solution that is sensible and that may lead to a more effective promotion of democracy and human rights is discussed.] {Democracy; Human rights; Foreign policy; International relations}

Carpenter, Ted Galen. 1995. The Captive Press: Foreign Policy Crises and the First Amendment. Washington, DC: Cato Institute.

["...correspondents, editors, pundits, and publishers who work for major media outlets tend to see themselves as members of an opinion-making elite. They consider themselves on an intellectual and social par with high-level policymakers, an attitude that increases the prospect of their being co-opted by ambitious and determined policymakers."] {Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Cha, Jae Young. 1994. Media Control and Propaganda in Occupied Korea, 1945-1948: Toward An Origin of Cultural Imperialism. Dissertation note: Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

{Mass media policy--Korea--History Propaganda--Imperialism. --Allied occupation, 1945-1948 United States--Relations}

Chang, Tsan-Kuo & Jae-Won Lee. 1993. "U.S. Gatekeepers and the New World Information Order: Journalistic Qualities and Editorial Positions," Political Communication, v10n3 (Jul 1993): 303-316.

[Examines how US newspaper editors responded to the issues surrounding the new world information order debate at UNESCO regarding the form and content of news flow at the international level.] {Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Chang, Tsan-Kuo & Jian Wang & Chih-Hsien Chen. 1998. "The Social Construction of International Imagery in the Post-Cold War Era: A Comparative Analysis of U.S. and Chinese National TV News," Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, v42n3 (Summer 1998): 277-296.

[Against the backdrop of the post-Cold War world and within the framework of the social construction of reality, this paper argues that social structure, both internal and external, is a major influence on the news. Using data collected during a 26-day period from China's CCTV and the United States' ABC, this study examines how the form and content of international imagery are socially constructed.] {Comparative analysis Television news Social conditions and trends International relations-US}

Chang, Tsan-Kuo. 1998. "All Countries Not Created Equal to Be News: World System and International Communication," Communication Research, v25n5 (Oct 1998): 528-563.

[Against the backdrop of the world system perspective, the purpose of this article is twofold: (a) to propose a new conceptual approach identifying the determinants that may affect the structure and process of foreign and international news flow and coverage in the global setting, and (b) within this framework, to determine the content (what is covered) and form (how it is covered) of Reuters' coverage of a major world event for a better understanding of why countries become news the way they do.] {Media coverage; News media; International}

Chang, Tsan-Kuo. 1998. "All Countries not Created Equal to be News: World System and International Communication," Communication Research, v25n5 (Oct 1998): 528-563.

[Against the backdrop of the world system perspective, the purpose of this article is twofold: (a) to propose a new conceptual approach identifying the determinants that may affect the structure and process of foreign and international news flow and coverage in the global setting, and (b) within this framework, to determine the content (what is covered) and form (how it is covered) of Reuters' coverage of a major world event for a better understanding of why countries become news the way they do.] {Media coverage News media International}

Chang, Tsan-Kuo; Wang, Jian; Chen, Chih-Hsien. 1998. "The Social Construction of International Imagery in the Post-Cold War Era: A Comparative Analysis of U.S. and Chinese National TV News," Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, v42n3 (Summer 1998): 277-296.

[Against the backdrop of the post-Cold War world and within the framework of the social construction of reality, this paper argues that social structure, both internal and external, is a major influence on the news. Using data collected during a 26-day period from China's CCTV and the United States' ABC, this study examines how the form and content of international imagery are socially constructed.] {Comparative analysis; Television news; Social conditions and trends; International relations}

Chapman, Gary. 1995. "Net Gain," New Republic, v213n5 (Jul 31, 1995): 10, 12.

[The Senate is considering a bill that attempts to regulate the Internet, but the Internet's growing popularity is largely due to its lack of regulation. The global character of the Internet makes it almost impossible to bring it under control.] {Internet Legislation Regulation}

Chepesiuk, Ron. 1998. "Bringing the Internet to the Developing World," American Libraries, v29n8 (Sep 1998): 55-56+.

[Chepesiuk discusses ways the Internet can be brought to the developing world. The Leland Initiative, a five-year, $15-million effort of USAID, provides developing countries with training and equipment for establishing satellite links.] {Developing countries LDCs Internet Satellite communications Connectivity Information technology}

Clark, David D. 1997. "Roundtable: The Future of Computing and Telecommunications," Issues in Science and Technology, v13n3 (Spring 1997): 71-78.

[An abridged version of a discussion among a panel of experts convened by the National Research Council's Computer Science and Telecommunications Board is presented. One of the questions asked of the panel was, "Ten years from now, will we still say that we have been driven by the reckless pace of innovation?"] {Computer science Telecommunications Technological change}

Cleaver, Harry M. Jr. 1998. "The Zapatista Effect: The Internet and the Rise of an Alternative Political Fabric," Journal of International Affairs, v51n2 (Spring 1998): 621-640.

[Cleaver discusses that no catalyst for growth in electronic NGO networks has been more important than the 1994 indigenous Zapatista rebellion in Chiapas Mexico. The Zapatista effect suggests that the fabric of politics is being reworked. The Internet is now being used on a grassroots level to promote international discussion and connections that link struggles challenging policy.] {Nongovernmental organizations; NGOs; Internet; Politics; Economic policy}

Coeur de Roy, Olivier. 1997. "The African Challenge: Internet, Networking and Connectivity Activities in a Developing Environment," Third World Quarterly, v18n5 (Dec 1997): 883-898.

[The importance of electronic communication networks, including the Internet, in helping the development processes that were implemented several decades ago in Africa is examined.] {Internet; Developing countries; LDCs; Communications systems}

Coiera, Enrico. 1996. "The Internet's Challenge to Health Care Provision," British Medical Journal (International), v312n7022 (Jan 6, 1996): 3-4.

[An editorial discusses the accessibility of information via the Internet. Widespread use of the Internet in countries where health care is centrally managed is likely to aggravate conflicts between patients' expectations and provision of health care.] {Editorials; Internet; Health care; Managed care; Information dissemination}

Colista, Celia; Leshner, Glenn. 1998. "Traveling Music: Following the Path of Music through the Global Market," Critical Studies in Mass Communication, v15n2 (Jun 1998): 181-194.

[Colista and Leshner review the history and structure of the popular music industry, examine applications of the cultural imperialism theory to popular music and survey newer theory developed as a result of the debate.] {Popular music Theory Culture}

Collins, Richard. 1986. Media, Culture & Society. London ; Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.

Commeyras, Michelle; Alvermann, Donna E.. 1994. "Messages that High School World History Textbooks Convey: Challenges for Multicultural Literacy," Social Studies, v85n6 (Nov 1994): 268-274.

[Americans who have been disenfranchised in the past are increasingly less tolerant of a monolithic, Eurocentric view of world history. These groups have become vocal in their opposition to textbooks that omit or distort their own histories. A study examines the content of three high school history textbooks to determine the representation of people who are from the Third World.] {Multiculturalism and pluralism History Textbooks Social sciences Secondary schools}

Cooke, Kevin; Lehrer, Dan. 1993. "The Whole World is Talking," Nation, v257n2 (Jul 12, 1993): 60-64.

[The global mega-information stream called the Internet is providing an instant, unfiltered link to the world for those who are involved in cataclysms like the war in the former Yugoslavia. The power of the Internet in world communications is discussed.] {Computer networks; Communications; Social conditions and trends}

Crafts, N. F. R. 1977.. "Industrial Revolution in England and France: Some Thoughts on the Question. ëWhy was England First?í," Economic History Review, v30n2 (May 1977): 429-441.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Cronin, Mary J. 1996. Global Advantage on the Internet: From Corporate Connectivity to International Competitiveness. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Curran, James & Michael Gurevitch & Janet Woollacott. 1977. Mass Communication and Society. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

Danowitz, A. K.; Nassef Y.; Goodman S. E. 1995. "Cyberspace Across the Sahara: Computing in North Africa," Communications of the ACM, v38n12 (Dec 1995): 23-28

[Information technology use and Internet connectivity are extremely low in North African countries, but growth is expected. Planned efforts to link many African countries, including Egypt, Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, via computer networks are examined.] {Computer networks Internet Communications}

Davidow, William. 1997. "Is the Internet Good for Democracy?" Forbes, Technology's 100 Richest Supplement (Oct 6, 1997): 134.

[While the Internet could aid and support the democratic process, it could also be detrimental in several ways: Internet-based political polls could skew results toward users, which are mostly white males, and the Internet could draw people away from local issues.] {Politics; Internet; Democracy}

del Rio, Vincente. 1992. "Urban Design and Conflicting City Images of Brazil," Cities, v9 (1992): 270-279.

[That the image (and imageability) of places is conditioned by public and politic media depictions, which are necessarily partial. Marketing strategies can then manipulate these partialities to re-present realities. Uses Rio de Janeiro and Curitiba as a case.] {Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Dobson, William J. 1998. "Protest.org," New Republic, v219n1 (Jul 6, 1998): 18-21.

[Chinese dissident are now posting their calls for democracy on the Internet. Tunnel (www.geocities.com/CollegePark/Union/1761/tunnel.html), a Chinese-language journal of dissent, offers some of the best-crafted works by dissidents.] {Web sites Internet Political dissent}

Drucker, Peter F. 1997. "The Global Economy and the Nation-State," Foreign Affairs, v76n5 (Sep 1997): 159-171.

[The demise of the nation-state has been widely predicted with talk of economic globalization, but the nation-state has shown amazing resilience and will probably survive the globalization of the economy and the information revolution that accompanies it.] {Globalization; Economic policy; Information technology; Government; Politics}

Dzenowagis, Joan. 1997. "Using Electronic Links for Monitoring Diseases," World Health, v50n6 (Nov 1997): 8-9.

[Communications technology like the Internet, satellites and other global systems are making it easier for the World Health Organization (WHO) and similar international agencies to monitor diseases in the Third World.] {Communications systems; Internet; Disease; Epidemics; Developing countries; LDCs; Public health; Humanitarian aid}

Echevarria, Vito. 1996. "Fledgling Internet Growth Penetrates Cuba," Hispanic, v9n7 (Jul 1996): 9-12.

[Cuba's Science Ministry has long used its CENIAI network (Center for the Automated Exchange of Information) to exchange scientific information with other countries through its Internet connection in Canada. CENIAI is the largest Email network in Cuba.] {Internet; Online information services; Electronic mail systems}

Edgar, Patricia & Syed A. Rahim (eds.). 1983. Communication Policy in Developed Countries. London; Boston: Kegan Paul International, with the East-West Center, Honolulu.

Edmundson, Mark. 1997. "Creating a True Democracy--On Line," Chronicle of Higher Education, v43n34 (May 2, 1997): A60.

[Edmundson believes that the online "revolution" could lead to a true participatory democracy, where citizens could vote electronically on all major legislation. Changes in the education system that would be needed to help this come about are discussed.] {Internet; Democracy; Citizens; Voting; Education}

Fang, Bay. 1998. "Chinese 'Hacktivists' Spin a Web of Trouble," US News and World Report, v125n12 (Sep 28, 1998): 47.

[The Chinese government has tried to maintain what some cyber surfers derisively call "the Great Firewall of China," an elaborate control system that is supposed to block Internet sites that the Communist Party considers morally or political degenerate.] {Hackers; Internet; Government; Web sites; Censorship}

Fejes, Fred. 1986. Imperialism, Media, and the Good Neighbor: New Deal Foreign Policy and United States Shortwave Broadcasting to Latin America. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corp. Series: (Communication and information science).

Ferguson, Sarah. 1995. "Gigdet Surfs the Net," George, (Dec 1995): 232.

[ For all the talk about the democracy of the Internet, most of the users of it are conspicuously male. Ferguson discusses the Web site "geekgirl," a forum devoted to serving up offbeat articles by and about women.] {Internet Women}

Gallagher, M. and L. Zuindoza-Santiago (eds.). 1994. Women Empowering Communication: A Resource Book on the Globalization of Media. New York: International Women's Tribune Center.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Galtung, J. & R.G. Vincent. 1992. Global Glasnost: Toward a New World Information and Communication Order ? Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Gaudin, Sharon. 1997. "Think Global, Act Local with Real-Time Access," Computerworld, v31n17 (Apr 28, 1997): 49-50.

[Torrance CA-startup HomeGate Corp offers subscribers Internet access through a local call from 690 cities in 160 countries. HomeGate used software and databases from Oracle Corp to get its business off the ground.] {Internet; Software; Data bases; Startups}

Gerbner, George & Hamid Mowlana & Herbert I. Schiller (eds.). 1996. Invisible Crises: What Conglomerate Control of Media Means for America and the World. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Series: (Critical studies in communication and in the cultural industries) {Mass media--.}

{Mass media technology Ownership Political Social aspects.}

Geyer, Michael; Bright, Charles. 1995. "World History in a Global Age," American Historical Review, v100n4 (Oct 1995): 1034-1060.

[Geyer and Bright discuss the return of world history, observing that professionalization of the field of history in the first half of the century pushed the sudy of world history to the side but did not remake the powerful images of the world as an extension of Western history. Teaching and research on world history have had to develop in an environment of contention.] {History Historians Professions}

Gilder, George. 1995. "Telecosm: Angst and Awe on the Internet," Forbes, ASAP Supplement (Dec 4, 1995): 112-132.

[A rising resistance to the Internet, which some feel is increasingly usurping reality and identity itself, is discussed. Critics are skeptical of the value of choice on the Internet, but choice validates freedom and substantiates individuality.] {Internet; Entrepreneurs}

Goldfarb, Brad. 1996. "Censorship on the Internet," Interview, v26n3 (Mar 1996): 30.

[In an interview, Jaron Lanier, who coined the term "virtual reality," addresses the question of whether the Internet should be censored or closely regulated by the federal government.] {Internet Censorship Federal regulation}

Golding, Peter & Phil Harris (eds.). 1997. Beyond Cultural Imperialism: Globalization, Communication and the New International Order. London; Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage. Series: (Communication and human values)

{Communication, International cooperation culture Mass media human values}

Greenberg, Lawrence T.; Goodman, Seymour E. 1996. "Is Big Brother Hanging by His Bootstraps?," Communications of the ACM, v39n7 (Jul 1996): 11-15.

[Until recently, commentators on technology and society argued that information technologies (IT) would enable the development of omniscient, omnipotent central authorities that would control every aspect of civil life. However, some observers argue that rather than empower national governments, IT may weaken or even contribute to the ultimate demise of the nation-state.] {Information technology; Government} 1996

Guemriche, Salah. 1997. "The Mixed Signals of Globalization," UNESCO Courier, n6 (Jun 1997): 22-24.

[Even the most remote of nations now has the ability to communicate via satellite or over the Internet. A look at how some of the countries are dealing with modern communication systems is presented.] {Communication Globalization Satellites Television Internet Developing countries LDCs}

Gunby, Phil. 1995. "International Electronic Link Solves Medical Puzzle," JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, v274n22 (Dec 13, 1995): 1750.

[Via the Internet, physicians and other medical scientists from coast to coast in the US and at least 17 other countries have helped their mainland China colleagues treat a university student with a challenging array of signs and symptoms.] {Internet; Physicians; Medical procedures}

Gurevitch, Michael et al. 1982. Culture, Society, and the Media. London; New York: Methuen.

Handy, Charles. 1998. "The Future is Now the Present," Management Today, (Feb 1998): 27.

[The rise of technologies like the Internet and Email prove to all that changes are afoot, but Handy wonders if the new marvels will truly make people happier. The payoff may be better democracy, not more wealth or time.] {Technological change Social change Happiness Social impact}

Harley, Bruce. 1995. "Spanning the Globe," Database, v18n6 (Dec 1995): 52-57.

[Inter-governmental organizations (IGOs), organizations comprising three or more member countries, offer the public access to international information via the Internet. Accessing IGO information on the Internet is discussed.] {Government documents; International relations; Internet; Information dissemination}

Harris, Paul W. 1991. "Cultural Imperialism and American Protestant Missionaries: Collaboration and Dependency in Mid-Nineteenth-Century China," Pacific Historical Review, v60n3 (Aug 1991): 309-338.

[The work of US Protestant missionaries in China in the 19th century is examined, focusing on the relationship between the missionary enterprise and the larger history of Western imperialism.] {Missionaries History Protestant churches Foreign policy}

Hayes, Brian. 1997. "The Infrastructure of the Information Infrastructure," American Scientist, v85n3 (May 1997): 214-218.

[The infrastructure of the information superhighway seems to be invisible, but it has its own geography. The nuts and bolts that hold the Internet together, the route that a message follows when dispatched and the physical form of the message at various points in its journey are discussed.] {Internet Computer science}

Hegener, Michiel. 1995. "E-mail from the Bush," World Press Review, v42n4 (Apr 1995): 11.

[Phone lines now carrying most Internet communications are largely unavailable in the Third World. Pioneering services that are working to rewire Africa, Asia and Latin America are discussed.] {Internet Telecommunications industry Developing countries LDCs}

Heins, Marjorie. 1998. "Academic Freedom and the Internet," Academe, v84n3 (May 1998): 19-21.

[Heins discusses whether there is academic freedom online. A look at how restrictions on the Internet can interfere with teaching and research is presented.] {Education Educators Internet Censorship}

Herman, Edward S. & Robert W. McChesney. 1997. Global Media: The New Missionaries of Corporate Capitalism. London; Washington: Cassell.

Himmelfarb, Gertrude. 1996. "A Neo-Luddite Reflects on the Internet," Chronicle of Higher Education, v43n10 (Nov 1, 1996): A56.

[Himmelfarb is disturbed by some aspects of the Internet, not merely by the moral problems, but also by the new technology's impact on learning and scholarship. The intellectual revolution of postmodernism long antedated the Internet.] {Internet Learning Intellectuals Information technology}

Holden, Constance. 1995. "Protest Spreads Against French Nukes," Science, v269n5230 (Sep 15, 1995): 1519.

[The French government continues its nuclear testing policy in the South Pacific despite protests at home and in Tahiti. Several French scientists opposed to the testing are pressing their case on the Internet.] {Government Nuclear tests Scientists Internet}

Holderness, Mike. 1995. "Falling Through the Net," New Statesman and Society, v8n374 (Oct 13, 1995): 24-25.

[There is a question as to whether the growth of the Internet will mean more information for the information-rich, electronic "north," while the poorer "south" is at a disadvantage. An increasing proportion of scientific and technological publishing is available only on the Internet.] {Internet Industrialized nations Developing countries LDCs}

Holderness, Mike. 1996. "A Promising Solution Fraught with Peril," Ceres: FAO Review, v28n2 (Mar 1996): 18-22

[There are both good and bad issues concerning the use of the Internet in lesser developed countries. The Internet has the potential to narrow the North-South information gap. The fact that the Internet is primarily in English is one possible barrier for some people in developing countries.] {Internet English language Developing countries LDCs Industrialized nations}

Holderness, Mike. 1997. "The Internet and the South," Earth Island Journal, v12n1 (Winter 1996/1997): 40-42.

[Some are wondering whether information poverty could be added to the list of gaps separating industrialized and developing nations. Internet access seems likely to remain the domain of a privileged elite.] {Internet Industrialized nations Developing countries LDCs Social classes}

Horwitt, Elisabeth. 1997. "Asia: Beyond Business Enclaves, Web Use Is Quick to Take Off--and Has Far to Go," Computerworld, The Network 25 Supplement (Sep 29, 1997): 20-21.

[Supplier communication is only part of the Asian Internet picture. World Wide Web deployment efforts in Asia are up against poverty, lack of education and primitive infrastructure.] {World Wide Web; Internet}

Huber, Peter. 1996. "Cyberpower," _Forbes, v158n13 (Dec 2, 1996): 142-147.

[Modern, electronically connected markets are more powerful than any politican. Information about how online services are helping to redefine democracy is presented.] {Online information services Internet Commercial markets Economic impact Democracy}

Iyer, Pico. 1998. "The Unknown Rebel," Time, v151n14 (Apr 13, 1998): 192-196.

[With a single act of defiance, a lone Chinese hero revived the world's image of courage. The symbolism behind this act against the People's Republic China near Tiananmen Square on Jun 5, 1989 is examined.] {Symbolism Heroism and heroes Revolutions Government History}

Jayaraman, K.S. 1994. "Highway in the Sky Comes to the Aid of India's Scientists," Nature, v372n6505 (Dec 1, 1994): 396.

[Indian scientists are turning to a high-speed, satellite-based information highway with which they can communicate instantly and free of charge between themselves and counterparts on INTERNET in 150 countries. The data-link, which now connects 15 cities, is discussed.] {Computer networks; Scientists}

Kantrowitz, Barbara. 1994. "Dissent on the Hard Drive," Newsweek, v123n26 (Jun 27, 1994): 59.

[The Digital Freedom Net, which uses the Internet to circulate material outlawed in the authors' home countries, is discussed. Howard Jonas started Digital Freedom Net to spread the American ideal of liberty and to fight censorship and human rights violations.] {Internet; Censorship; Freedom of speech}

Katz, James E. 1998. "Struggle in Cyberspace: Fact and friction on the World Wide Web," Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, v560 (Nov 1998): 194-199.

[The Internet and World Wide Web have transformed the way local cultures produce and maintain solidarity regarding what should be accepted as facts. These technologies provide a level playing field--it is no longer the case that those with the most massive resources will have the biggest audience.] {World Wide Web Information Reliability Accuracy Journalistic ethics}

Kavoori, Anandam P.. 1998. "Getting Past the Latest "Post": Assessing the Term "Post-Colonial"," Critical Studies in Mass Communication, v15n2 (Jun 1998): 195-203.

[The term "post-colonial studies" has accrued considerable mileage in a remarkably brief time. Kavoori takes a closer look at this term and argues that it is highly problematic.] {Jargon Culture Theory Colonialism}

Kieh, George Klay Jr. 1992. "The Roots of Western Influence in Africa: An Analysis of the Conditioning Process," Social Science Journal, v29n1 (1992): 7-19.

[The issue of the dominance of Western cultural imperialism in Africa and the resistance to its continuation are discussed. Despite the pervasiveness of Western cultural imperialism, the last two decades have witnessed the re-emergence of resistance to the continuation of Western cultural imperialism.] {Culture; Colonialism}

Kiernan, Vincent. 1998. "Using the Web, Epidemiologist Aims to Improve Public Health in Developing Nations," Chronicle of Higher Education, v44n21 (Jan 30, 1998): A21-A22.

[Ronald E. LaPorte, a professor of epidemiology at the University of Pittsburgh, is trying to use the Internet to bring information about disease and public health to people in developing nations. Although connection to the Internet is very rare in these countries, LaPorte believes the availability of materials on preventing disease would prod international agencies to find the funds to bolster connections.] {Internet; Developing countrie;s LDCs; Epidemiology; Disease}

Kirtley, Jane E.. 1996. "United Nations Threat to Media Freedom," Nieman Reports, v50n2 (Summer 1996): 36-38.

[Kirtley attacks a portion of the UN's Platform for Action calling for countries to responsibly promote the UN's version of a brave new world of women's equality--Beijing Conference on Women encouraged countries to establish press 'responsibilities'. Claims sheís presenting "reasons" why this segment of the platform is a threat to press freedom. Rather absurd, since thereís nothing in the parts she quotes thatís substantially different from Equal Opportunity and Anti-Discrimination laws in the US, with some moral language thrown in. So seems more like conservative irrationality and muscle-flexing ] {Freedom of the press Womens rights movement Conferences Equality}

Landau, Saul. 1996. "In the Jungle with Marcos," Progressive, v60n3 (Mar 1996): 25-29.

[Landau discusses his experiences while staying at a Zapatista village in Chiapas Mexico. During his stay, he met with Marcos, leader of the Zapatista Army and discussed US policy toward Mexico, his rebellion and the social conditions of Mexico.] {Independence movements Leadership Social conditions and trends Guerrilla forces}

Landes, David S. 1990. "Why Are We So Rich and They So Poor?" American Economic Review, v80n2 (May 1990): 1-13.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Lasky, Julie. 1997. "Way Beyond Rangoon," Print: America's Graphic Design Magazine, v51n5 (Sep 1997): 6.

[Htun Aung Gyaw, former student leader and political refugee in Myanmar, now lives in the US and uses the Internet to communicate with other supporters about the pro-democracy movement in his homeland. The Web site of the Free Burma Coalition offers users more information about this situation.] {Personal profiles Political dissent Web sites Revolutions}

Lawrence K. Grossman. 1995. The Electronic Republic: Reshaping Democracy in the Information Age. New York. Viking.

Lawson, Trevor. 1996. "Who's Winning the Cyberspace Race?" Geographical, v68n11 (Nov 1996): 22-23.

[Lawson discusses the winners and losers in telecommunications. Internet access in 1992 was greatly restricted to the "First World" countries, but hte situation has changed dramatically since then.] {Internet; Geography; Telecommunications}

Lee, Chin-Chuan. 1979. Media Imperialism Reconsidered: The Homogenizing of Television Culture. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.

Leonard, Andrew. 1995. "Asia.net," Wired, v3n7 (Jul 1995): 44-46. {Internet Activism Democracy Demonstrations and protests}

[REF. ONLY. The 1989 democracy movement in China gave birth to what is now one of the most vigorous communities on the Internet. Leonard discusses Chinaís "Internet fever" and AsiaInfo Services Incís involvement in getting China online.

Machlis, Sharon. 1998. "Third World Crafters Go Online," Computerworld, v32n32 (Aug 10, 1998): 37-38.

[Daniel Salcedo co-founded PeopLink, a project aimed at helping Third World craftspeople sell their goods on the Internet. Information on PeopLink is provided.] {Developing countries LDCs Electronic commerce Internet Handicrafts}

Madsen, Wayne. 1998. "Internet Malcontents of the World--Unite!" Communications of the ACM, v41n6 (Jun 1998): 27-28.

[Although the US is trying to convince the world community that other countries are for the idea of recoverable encryption keys, they aren't. The whole plan is just an excuse to allow for bettering monitoring of political groups on the Internet.] {Activists; Data encryption; International relations}

Mayne, Alan James C. 1993. The Imagined Slum: Newspaper Representation In Three Cities 1870-1914. Leicester, UK; New York: Leicester University Press; Distributed in the U.S. and Canada by St. Martin's Press

[The construction of "slum" stereotypes.] {Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

McDonald, Kim A. 1996. "Human-Rights Groups Use the Internet to Help Persecuted Scholars," Chronicle of Higher Education, v42n30 (Apr 5, 1996): A21-A23.

[The Internet has become a popular tool in the battle against human-rights abuses. Human-rights groups and scientific organizations in the US are using the Internet to gather information about jailed colleagues in other countries.] {Internet; Human rights; Political persecution}

McHugh, Josh. 1997. "Politics for the Really Cool," Forbes, v160n5 (Sep 8, 1997): 172-179.

[A new breed of libertarians is mixing sophisticated computer science with their philosophy. These cryptolibertarians work with cryptographic software massively stronger than what American companies are allowed to export.] {Software Philosophy Politics Cryptography}

McNelly, John T. & Fausto Izcaray. 1986. "International News Exposure and Images of Nations," JQ: Journalism Quarterly, v63n3 (Autumn 1986): 546-553.

[Exposure to the mass media is associated with relatively positive, but not necessarily well-informed, images of foreign countries and to the perception of these countries as being successful. Attempts to provide some evidence bearing on the effects of the mass media on international news and on people's images of nations. Results of a study from Venezuela are discussed.] {Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Melkote, Srinivas R. 1991. Communication for Development in the Third World: Theory and Practice. New Delhi; Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

[Useful summaries of timelines in development theory, interleaved with developments in communication theory. Nice base from which to discuss mutually constitutive relationships in social theory.] {Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Melkote, Srinivas R. 1993. "From Third World to First World: New Roles and Challenges for Development Communication," Gazette, v52n2 (1993): 145-158.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Meyer, William H. 1988. Transnational Media and Third World Development: The Structure and Impact of Imperialism. New York: Greenwood Press.

[Series: (Contributions to the study of mass media and communications,ISSN0732-4456 ; no. 11). {Communication--Developing countries International cooperation Communication Violence.}

Meyer, William H. 1989. "Global News Flows: Dependency and Neoimperialism," Comparative Political Studies, v22n3 (Oct 1989): 243-264.

[Structural communications theory has led to hypotheses that tend to support the call for a New World Information Order. The Third World's dependence on Western media for international news leads to the adoption of Western news values and subsequent cultural imperialism. A news flow study of African and Latin American daily newspapers demonstrates this dependence.] {Communications News media Developing countries LDCs}

Meyer, William H. 1991. "Structures of North-South Informational Flows: An Empirical Test of Galtung's Theory," JQ: Journalism Quarterly, v68n1-2 (Spring 1991): 230-237.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Meyer, William H. 1996. "Human Rights and MNCs: Theory versus Quantitative Analysis," Human Rights Quarterly, v18n2 (May 1996): 368-397.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Mowlana, Hamid & George Gerbner & Herbert I. Schiller. 1992. Triumph of the Image: The Mediaís War in the Persian Gulf: A Global Perspective. Boulder: Westview Press.

Series: (Critical studies in communication and in the cultural industries) {Persian Gulf War Press coverage Public opinion.}

Mowlana, Hamid. 1995 "The Communications Paradox," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, v51n4 (Jul 1995): 40-46.

[The globalization of communications may be just another format for Western cultural imperialism. In the "new world order," economics is still the basis of control over the means of information and thus of information itself. Media-driven, US-dominated Western commercial secularism can coexist with indigenous cultures, however.] {Globalization Communications Information technology Sociology Cultural relations}

Neuman, Johanna. 1996. Lights, Camera, War: Is Media Technology Driving International Politics ? New York: St. Martin's Press.

[That the critical factor in power politics remains the quality of leadership, which is dictated neither by journalism nor by new communications technologies.] {Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Nordenstreng, K. & H.I. Schiller (eds.). (1979). National Sovereignty and International Communication. Norwood, New Jersey: Ablex.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Nordenstreng, Kaarle & Herbert I. Schiller (eds.). 1993. Beyond National Sovereignty: International Communication in the 1990s. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Co.

Norris, Robert S.; Arkin, William M. 1997. "The Internet and the Bomb," B ulletin of the Atomic Scientists, v53n2 (Mar 1997): 62-63.

[Information about how to use the author's book, "The Internet and the Bomb: A Research Guide to Policy and Information About Nuclear Weapons," is presented. In a related box, some of the best Web sites related to nuclear weapons and nuclear policy are presented.] {Web sites; Internet; Books; Nuclear weapons; Military policy}

Okerson, Ann Shumelda. 1996. "Buy or Lease? Two Models for Scholarly Information at the End (or the Beginning) of an Era," Daedalus, v125n4 (Fall 1996): 55-76.

[In order to understand copyright law as it applies to print information and electronic information, Okerson discusses the concept of copyright as well as contractual licensing and how it currently works.] {Libraries Electronic publishing Copyright Publishing Licensing Information industry}

Ornstein, Norman; Schenkenberg, Amy. 1996. "The Promise and Perils of Cyberdemocracy," American Enterprise, v7n2 (Mar 1996): 53-54.

[The promise and perils of on-line voting, electronic town halls and instant polling over the Internet are examined. Although in some ways the Internet fosters direct-democracy, a cyberdemocracy would not be equally open to all citizens.] {Democracy Internet Politics Information technology Voting}

Osunde, Egerton O. & Josiah Tlou & Neil L. Brown. 1996. "Persisting and Common Stereotypes in U.S. Students' Knowledge of Africa: A Study of Pre-service Social Studies Teachers" Social Studies, v87n3 (May 1996): 119-124.

[Statistical analysis of misconceptions. Arguments and techniques for dismantling stereotypes. Sources of information.] {Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Padgaonkar, Dileep. 1996. "India on the Edge: A Cold Civil War," New Perspectives Quarterly, v13n1 (Winter 1996): 45-48.

[India's ability to exercise sovereignty in two critical areas, economic decision-making and information flows, is discussed. Furthermore, old and new pressures are pitting faith against faith.] {Government Information Politics Religion Economic conditions}

Pappas, Marjorie L. 1996. "Electronic Learning in 2002," School Library Media Activities Monthly, v13n1 (Sep 1996): 37-38.

[ Pappas discusses current trends in library technologies and how these trends will affect students learning in the year 2002. Students will be able to work on projects with other students from different countries via the Internet.] {Future; Predictions; Trends; Information technology; Students; Curricula}

Perry, David K. & John T. McNelly. 1988. "News Orientations and Variability of Attitudes Toward Developing Countries," Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, v32n3 (Summer 1988): 323-334.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Perry, David K. 1985. "The Mass Media and Inference About Other Nations," Communications Research, v12n4 (Oct 1985): 595-614.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Perry, David K. 1987. "The Image Gap: How International News Affects Perceptions of Nations," Journalism Quarterly, (Summer-Autumn 1987): 416-421+.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Pilger, John. 1991. "Information is Power," New Statesman & Society, v4n177 (Nov 15 1991): 10(2).

[The major Western news agencies, UPI, AP, Reuters, and Agence France, publish 90% of international news. Little of the coverage deals with developing countries. This situation leads to information imperialism.] {Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Pingree, David Edwin. 1970. Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit; Series A. Philadelphia, American Philosophical Society.

[Series: (Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, v. 81, 86, 111, 146, 213.) {Science India History Sanskrit literature Divination}

Preston, Jr., William & Edward S. Herman & Herbert I. Schiller. 1989. Hope & Folly: The United States and UNESCO, 1945-1985. Manuscript produced by the Institute for Media Analysis, Inc.:New York; Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Series: (Media & society). {Unesco United States Influence Foreign policy}

Pyenson, Lewis. 1985. Cultural Imperialism and Exact Sciences: German Expansion Overseas, 1900-1930. New York: P.

[Lang. Series: (Studies in history and culture ; v. 1) {Physics--Argentina--Foreign influences--History. {Physics--Oceania--Foreign influences--History. {Physics China Foreign influences History Astronomy Argentina Oceania Germany}

Radolf, Andrew. 1988. "Publishers Urged to Remain Vigilant," E ditor and Publisher, v121n18 (Apr 30, 1988): 18, 50.

[Despite the optimism generated by the appointment of a new director at UNESCO, efforts to create a New World Information Order will probably continue.] {Newspapers Journalism Human rights}

Rakow, L. (ed.). 1992. Women Making Meaning: New Feminist Directions in Communication. New York: Routledge.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Reid, Donald Malcolm. 1992. "Cultural Imperialism and Nationalism: The Struggle to Define and Control the Heritage of Arab Art in Egypt," International Journal of Middle East Studies, v24n1 (Feb1992): 57-76.

[During the 19th century Europeans became involved in the collection and preservation of Arab art. The struggle to define, preserve and control the heritage of Arab art in Egypt, which has received little attention from modern historians, is discussed] {Art Arabs History Collections}

Riano, P. 1994. Women in Grassroots Communication: Furthering Social Change. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Roach, C. 1987. "The U.S. Position on the New World Information and Communication Order," Journal of Communication v37 (1987): 36-51.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Roach, Colleen. 1997. "Cultural Imperialism and Resistance In Media Theory and Literary Theory," Media, Culture and Society, v19n1 (Jan 1997): 47-66.

[Emphasis on the criticism of cultural imperialism that began in the mid-1980s and that is now subsumed under the rubric of cultural studies The way resistance has been used by postmodernists in the field of communications is contrasted.] {Culture Literary criticism Social research Mass media.}

Rogers, Everett M. 1962. The Diffusion of Innovations. New York: The Free Press.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Rogers, Everett M. 1969. Modernization Among Peasants . New York: Holt, Rhinehart, & Winston.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Rose, Lewis; Feldman, John. 1998. "How to Stay Within International Law on the Internet," Folio: The Magazine for Magazine Management, Special Sourcebook Issue for 1998 Supplement (1998): 249-250.

[Guidelines for avoiding violations of international laws when publishing material on the Internet are presented. The first step in conducting an international clearance is to make sure the advertising or promotional materials conform to US law. The publisher should then collect the names and fax numbers of counsel in the key countries where the advertising will be seen.] {Electronic publishing; International; Internet; Liability; Guidelines}

Rosenberg, Nathan & L.E. Birdzell, Jr. 1986. How the West Grew Rich: The Economic Transformation of the Industrial World. New York: Basic Books.

[Conventional but useful account, based on (unexplained) traits of innovation, experimentation, encouraging diversity in human wants and in the means to satisfy them, giving autonomy to merchants. All these treated as neutral, objective, factual descriptions.] {Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Roser, Connie; Brown, Lee. 1986. "African Newspaper Editors and the New World Information Order," JQ: Journalism Quarterly, v63n1 (Spring 1986): 114-121.

[The attitudes of Third World journalists toward the continuing debate over the imbalance of news and entertainment exchange between developed and developing nations are examined. Issues of nationalism and journalistic integrity are divisive.] {Journalism Developing countries LDCs Social research}

Said, Edward W. (1981) 1997. Covering Islam: How the Media and the Experts Determine How We See the Rest of the World . Rev. ed. New York: Vintage Books.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Said, Edward W. 1993. Culture and Imperialism. New York: Knopf; Distributed by Random House.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Scannell, Paddy & Philip Schlesinger & Colin Sparks (eds.). 1992. Culture and Power: A Media, Culture & Society Reader. London; Newburry Park, CA: Sage.

[Series: (The Media, culture & society series) {Mass media Social aspects}

Schiller, Dan. 1994. "From Culture to Information and Back Again: Commoditization as a Route to Knowledge," Critical Studies in Mass Communication, v11n1 (Mar 1994): 93-115.

[Challenges essentialist assumptions about information and the so-called "information society." Argues the need to treat information as a commodity, and to historicize its study.] {Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Schiller, Herbert I. 1973. The Mind Managers. Boston: Beacon Press.

Schiller, Herbert I. 1976. Communication and Cultural Domination. White Plains, NY: International Arts and Sciences Press.

Schiller, Herbert I. 1984. Information and the Crisis Economy. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corp.

[Series: (Communication and information science.) {Telecommunication Social aspects Computers and civilization Mass media Economic history Political participation}

Schiller, Herbert I. 1989. Culture, Inc.: The Corporate Takeover of Public Expression. New York: Oxford University Press.

Schiller, Herbert I. 1992 (1969). Mass Communications and American Empire .: 2nd ed.. Boulder: Westview Press.

[Series: (Critical studies in communication and in the cultural industries) {Communication United States Mass media International.}

Schiller, Herbert I. 1996. Information Inequality: The Deepening Social Crisis in America. New York: Routledge.

Shelley, Louise I. 1998. "Crime and Corruption in the Digital Age," Journal of International Affairs, v51n2 (Spring 1998): 605-620.

[Shelley examines the capacity of criminal or corrupt actors to undermine the quality of life of millions of the worlds' citizens by means of technology. The investigation and prosecution of these crimes raise questions about sovereignty, legal jurisdiction and the obligations of states to protect their citizens.] {Investigations Corruption Information technology Data encryption Computer crime}

Starosta, W. 1979. "Roots for an Older Rhetoric: On Rhetorical Effectiveness in the Third World," Western Journal of Speech Communication, v43 (1979): 278-287.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Starrs, Paul F. 1997. "The Sacred, the Regional, and the Digital," Geographical Review, v87n2 (Apr 1997): 193-218.

[As an information economy and a cultural hallmark, cyberspace citizenry, literature, technology, capital and finance, ritual, weapons and belligerencies, a recognizable past, and variegated future] {Geography}

Steeves, L. 1993. "Creating Imagined Communities: Development Communication and the Challenge of Feminism," Journal of Communication, v43n3 (1993): 218-229.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Sussman, L.R. 1977. "Mass News Media and the Third World Challenge," The Washington Papers, v5n46 (1977): **.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Sussman, Vic. 1994. "Pamphleteering in the Electronic Era," US News and World Report, v116n2 (Jan 17, 1994): 55.

[The impact that Internet technology is having on free speech debate worldwide is discussed. It appears that on the Internet, every user has a virtually unlimited right to express and seek information on any topic.] {Computer networks Freedom of speech Technology}

Third World Editors. 1990. The World as Seen by the Third World: Third World Guide, 1989-90, Facts, Figures, Opinions. Montevideo; Rio De Janeiro; Lisbon: Third World Editors.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Thompson, Kenneth & Jeremy Tunstall (eds.). 1991. Sociological Perspectives: Selected Readings. Harmondsworth, Penguin; [for] the Open University Press.

{Sociology essays, lectures Open University set book.}

Tomlinson, J. 1991. Cultural Imperialism: A Critical Introduction. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Tomlinson, John. 1991. Cultural Imperialism: A Critical Introduction. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

[Disagregates cultural imperialism into four categories: as media imperialism, as discourse of nationality, as critique of global capitalism, and critique of modernity.] {Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, Foreign Relations International development}

Tunstall, Jeremy & Michael Palmer. 1991. Media Moguls. London; New York: Routledge.

{Mass media Europe Biography Communication International.}

Tunstall, Jeremy. 1977. The Media are American. New York: Columbia University Press.

Tunstall, Jeremy. 1996. Newspaper Power: The New National Press in Britain. Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press.

UNESCO. 1989. World Communication Report. Paris: UNESCO.

{Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Van Alstyne, Marshall; Brynjolfsson, Erik. 1996. "Could the Internet Balkanize Science?," Science, v274n5292 (Nov 29, 1996): 1479-1480.

[Some feel the Internet could lead to the fragmentation of research, a balkanization of the global village. The availability of too much information leads to a poverty of attention.] {Internet Science}

van Elteren, Mel. 1996. "Conceptualizing the Impact of US Popular Culture Globally," Journal of Popular Culture, v30n1 (Summer 1996): 47-89.

[Van Elteren addresses the question of how the global impact of American popular culture can be conceptualized most adequately. He examines the recent GATT negotiations and reflects on the ways in which the influence of US popular culture was conceptualized among the protagonists of cultural protectionism.] {Culture Globalization International relations-US GATT}

Waisbord, Silvio. 1998. "When the Cart of Media is Before the Horse of Identity: A Critique of Technology-centered Views on Globalization," Communication Research, v25n4 (Aug 1998): 377-398.

[Different positions have argued that the media have effectively shaped and reshaped national and transnational identities. In light of recent studies showing the complexity of identity-formation processes, however, it is unclear that prevalent arguments convincingly explain the relations between media and identity -- whether at the local, national, regional, and global levels.] {Media Information technology Culture Globalization}

Wallerstein, Immanuel. 1988. "Should We Unthink the Nineteenth Century?" 185-191 in Francisco O. Ramirez (ed.), Rethinking the Nineteenth Century: Contradictions and Movements, (Studies in the Political Economyof the World System: Contributions in Economics and Economic History, No. 76.) New York: Greenwood Press.

[Identifies four basic premises of social science and history studies: that new is better than old; that simple precedes the complex; that knowledge (scientific) becomes increasingly certain and predictive (nomothetic); and that boundaries of the state express fundamental units of society. Together, these as sources of most "anomalies" in social science. Proposes five steps to undo these: replace "society" with "historical system;" deidealize, historicize and particularize the gemeinschaft-gesellschaft antinomy; erase the separation between "arenas" of activity--economy, polity, and culture (liberals), or base and superstructure (Marxists); undo the association between culture and pastness, and rethink the distinctions between the past and the present; and fifth, undo the notion that science simplifies, or even, is completely distinct from art. No footnotes or citations.] {Media, Journalism, Cultural imperialism, International development}

Whitt, Laurie Anne. 1995. "Cultural Imperialism and the Marketing of Native America," American Indian Culture and Research Journal, v19n3 (1995): 1-31.

[The marketing of Native America, particularly native spirituality, is a virulent form of cultural imperialism. Whether it is intentional or not, cultural imperialism extends the political, social and economic power of the dominant culture.[ {Native Americans Spirituality Cultural relations Power Marketing}

Woodard, Colin. 1995. "Internet International," Chronicle of Higher Education, v41n39 (Jun 9, 1995): A21.

[The Internet is expanding into the former Communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe and will have a significant effect on higher-education and research institutions in those countries.] {Internet Colleges and universities}

Wu, Wei. 1996. "Great Leap or Long March: Some Policy Issues of the Development of the Internet in China," Telecommunications Policy, v20n9 (Nov 1996): 699-711.

[Although the development of the Internet in China has come a long way in a very short time, it is still in an embryonic stage. Wu focuses on some of the issues of the Chinese government's policies in developing its Internet and offers some suggestions for the future development of the Internet in China based on the experience of some other countries and the current political, social and economic strucutre in China.] {Internet; Telecommunications policy}

Young, Jeffrey R. 1998. "'Technorealists' Hope to Enrich Debate Over Policy Issues in Cyberspace," Chronicle of Higher Education, v44n30 (Apr 3, 1998): A23-A24.

[The issue of technology in society has often become a debate between techno-utopians and neo-Luddites who fear technology. A new group called the "technorealists" have released a set of principles that describe technology as bringing both novel benefits and unexpected hazards.] {Technology Internet Fear and phobias Conflict}

Zoonen, Liesbet van. 1994. Feminist Media Studies. London: Sage.

(The media, culture & society series) {Women mass media. Communication Sex differences Feminism.}

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