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Matriarchy and Patriarchy
Ashwani Vasishth <ashwani@csun.edu> [Last Update: March 24, 2006]
Bacchetta, Paola & Margaret Power (eds.). 2002. Right-wing Women: From Conservatives To Extremists Around the World. New York: Routledge. [She loved Mussolini: Margherita Sarfatti and Italian fascism / Carole C. Galluci -- Female "fanatics": women's sphere in the British Union of Fascists / Julie V. Gottlieb -- Hindu nationalist women imagine spatialities/imagine themselves: reflections on gender-supplemental-agency / Paola Bacchetta -- Framing volksmoeders: the politics of female Afrikaner nationalists, 1904-c. 1930 / Marijke du Toit -- Whose virtue isthis? The Virtue party and women in Islamist politics in Turkey/ Ayse Saktanber -- "And we ate up the world": memories of theSecci{226}on Femenina / Victoria L. Enders -- The gendered organization of hate: women in the U.S. Ku Klux Klan / Kathleen M. Blee -- Charity and nationalism: the Greek civil war and the entrance of right-wing women into politics / Tasoula Vervenioti -- Far-right women in France: the case of the National Front / Claude Lesselier -- Women in the non-Nazi right during the Weimar Republic: the German Nationalist People's Party (DNVP) / Raffael Scheck -- Spartan mothers: Fascist women in Brazil in the 1930s / Sandra McGee Deutsch -- The feminine "apostolate in society" versus the secular state:the Uni{226}on Femenina Cat{226}olica Mexicana, 1929-1940 / Kristina A. Boylan -- Foreign women in Spain for General Franco during the Spanish Civil War / Judith Keene -- Pauline and other perils: women in Australian right-wing politics / Bronwyn Winter -- Playing "femball": conservative women's organizations and political representation in the United States / Ronnee Schreiber -- Islamisms and feminism in Egypt: three generations of women's perspectives / Azza Karam -- Confrontingdouble patriarchy: Islamist women in Turkey / Bur{240}cak Keskin --Queering Hindutva: unruly bodies and pleasures in Sadhavi Rithambara's performances / Bishnupriya Ghosh -- Right-wing women, sexuality, and politics in Chile during the Pinochet dictatorship, 1973-1990 / Margaret Power.]
Bachofen, Johann J. 1967. Myth, Religion, and Mother Right; Selected Writings of J. J. Bachofen. Translated from the German by Ralph Manheim. With a pref. by George Boas and an introd. by Joseph Campbell. New Jersey, Princeton University Press.
Barber, E. J. W. 1994. Women's Work: The First 20,000 Years: Women, Cloth, and Society In Early Times. New York: Norton.
Bracey, Jr., John H. & August Meier & Elliott Rudwick (eds.). 1971. Black Matriarchy: Myth Or Reality? Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Pub. Co.
Briffault, Robert. 1959. The Mothers. London: Allen & Unwin.
Caputi, Jane. 2004. Goddesses and Monsters: Women, Myth, Power, and Popular Culture. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press/Popular Press. [Introduction: tracing the goddess/facing the monster -- Jaws as patriarchal myth -- Sleeping with the enemy as Pretty woman part II? -- Femme noire (with Lauri Sagle) -- The pornography of everyday life -- The new founding fathers: the lore and lure of the serial killer in contemporary culture -- American psychos -- Small ceremonies: ritual in Natural born killers, Forrest Gump, and Follow me home -- The gods we worship: sexual murder as religious sacrifice -- Seeing elephants: the myths of phallotechnology -- Sex, radiation, and the sacred -- Unthinkable fathering: connecting incest and nuclearism -- On the lap of necessity: myth and technology through the energetics philosophy of Teresa Brennan -- Goddesses and monsters -- The second coming of Diana -- Facing change: African mythic origins in Octavia Butler's Parable novels -- The naked goddess: pornography, female potency, and the sacred-- The cyborg or the goddess?]
Cavin, Susan. 1985. Lesbian Origins. San Francisco: Ism Press. [Originally presented as the author's thesis (Ph. D.--Rutgers University, 1978) under the title: An hystorical and cross-cultural analysis of sex ratios, female sexuality, and homo-sexual segregation versus hetero-sexual integration patterns in relation to the liberation of women.]
Clark, Sharri R. 2003. ÒRepresenting the Indus Body: Sex, Gender, Sexuality, and the Anthropomorphic Terracotta Figurines from Harappa,Ó Asian Perspectives, v42n2 (Fall 2003): 304-328. [In this paper, the corpus of anthropomorphic terracotta figurines from Harappa, a major urban center of the Indus civilization, is used to explore Indus conceptions of sex, gender, and sexuality as they are expressed in representations of the body. The Indus (or Harappan) civilization, the earliest urban civilization of South Asia (c. 2600-1900 B.c.), at its peak extended over much of what is now Pakistan and northwestern India. Representing something of a cultural "veneer" (Meadow and Kenoyer 1997:139), it was characterized by large cities with extensive water and sanitation systems, a writing system that still awaits decipherment, an emphasis on small, elegant art and sophisticated craft technology, and a conspicuous absence of monumental art (Kenoyer 1998; Possehl 199H). In this "faceless civilization" (Possehl 1998:279), three-dimensional anthropomorphic representations include a few stone and bronze statues, along with other small objects, and a large corpus of terracotta figurines. The terracotta figurines from Harappa and other Indus civilization sites are one of the most abundant and elaborate classes of representational artifacts of this vast civilization, particularly in the western regions. Without deciphered texts, the figurines are one of the richest sources of information regarding Indus concepts of sex, gender, sexuality, and other aspects of Indus social identity.]
Dobbins, Peggy P. 1981. From Kin To Class: Speculations On the Origins and Development of the Family, Class Society, and Female Subordination. Berkeley, CA: Signmaker Press.
Dore, Elizabeth & Maxine Molyneux (eds.). 2000. Hidden Histories of Gender and the State In Latin America. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. [One step forward, two steps back: gender and the state in the long nineteenth century / Elizabeth Dore -- Twentieth-century state formations in Latin America / Maxine Molyneux -- Civilizing domestic life in the central valley of Costa Rica, 1750-1850 / Eugenia Rodr{226}iguez S. -- Slave women's strategies for freedom and the late Spanish colonial state / Mar{226}ia EugeniaChaves -- Rape and the anxious republic: revolutionaryColombia, 1810-1830 / Rebecca Earle -- Property, households, and public regulation of domestic life: Diriomo, Nicaragua, 1840-1900 / Elizabeth Dore -- Parents before the tribunals: thelegal construction of patriarchy in Argentina / Donna J. Guy --Modernizing patriarchy: state policies, rural households, and women in Mexico, 1930-1940 / Mary Kay Vaughan -- Commemorating the hero{226}inas: gender and civic ritual in early-twentieth-century Bolivia / Laura Gotkowitz -- Women and the home in Mexican family law / Ann Varley -- Domesticating men: state building and class compromise in popular-front Chile / Karin Alejandra Rosemblatt -- State, gender, and institutionalchange: the Federaci{226}on de Mujeres Cubanas / Maxine Molyneux -- Gender and the state in Argentina: the case of the Sindicato deAmas de Casa / Jo Fisher -- Getting gender on the policyagenda: a study of a Brazilian feminist lobby group / Fiona Macaulay.]
Eckstein-Diener, Bertha. 1973. Mothers and Amazons; The First Feminine History of Culture. Edited and translated by John Philip Lundin. Introd. by Brigitte Berger. Garden City, N.Y. Anchor Press.
Ehrenberg, Margaret R. 1989. Women In Prehistory. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
Eisenstein, Zillah R. 1994. The Color Of Gender: Reimaging Democracy. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Eisler, Riane T. 1987. The Chalice and the Blade: Our History, Our Future. San Francisco: Harper & Row.
Eisler, Riane T. 1995. Sacred Pleasure: Sex, Myth, and the Politics of the Body. San Francisco: Harper.
Eller, Cynthia L. 2000. The Myth of Matriarchal Prehistory: Why An Invented Past Won't Give Women A Future. Boston: Beacon Press.
Enns, Carolyn Zerbe. 1994. Archtypes and Gender: Goddesses, Warriors, and Psychological Health,Ó Journal of Counseling and Development, v73n2 (Nov 1994): 127(7). [Enns describes the principles and assumptions of Jung's archetypal psychology and how they have been adopted and modified by feminist counselors and the mythopoetic men's movement.]
Exum, J. Cheryl. 1993. Fragmented Women: Feminist (Sub)Versions of Biblical Narratives. Valley Forge, PA: Trinity Press International.
Fromm, Erich. 1997. Love, Sexuality, and Matriarchy: About Gender; edited and with an introduction by Rainer Funk. New York: Fromm International Pub..
Geaves, Ron. 2005. Aspects of Islam. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. [Introduction -- The Western media: a misrepresentation or a factual account? -- Doctrine and architecture: manifestations of Tawhid -- The Shari{174}a: the law of God or a cultural construct? -- The Umma: an homogenous unity or deeply divided?-- Martyrdom: the Shi{174}a doctrine of suffering opposed to the Sunni doctrine of 'manifest success' -- Sufism: an aberration or the voice of traditional Islam? -- The prophet of God: human messenger or a manifestation of divine qualities? -- Jihad: Islamic warfare or spiritual effort? -- Muslim fundamentalism: a misnomer or the heart of the faith? -- Muslim women: Islam's oppressed or victims of patriarchy?.]
Gero, Joan M. & Margaret W. Conkey (eds.). 1991. Engendering Archaeology: Women and Prehistory. Oxford, UK ; Cambridge, MA, USA: B. Blackwell. Based on papers originally presented at a conference held at Wedge Plantation, Georgetown, S.C., Apr. 1988. [Tensions, pluralities, and engendering archaeology: an introduction to women and prehistory / Margaret W. Conkey and Joan M. Gero -- Gender theory and the archaeological record: why is there no archaeology of gender? / Alison Wylie -- Contexts of action, contexts for power: material culture and gender in the Magdalenian / Margaret W. Conkey -- Households with faces: the challenge of gender in prehistoric architectural remains / Ruth E. Tringham -- Gender, space, and food in prehistory / Christine A. Hastorf -- Genderlithics: women's roles in stone tool production / Joan M. Gero -- Women's labor and pottery production in prehistory / Rita P. Wright -- Weaving and cooking: women's production in Aztec Mexico / Elizabeth M. Brumfiel -- Development of horticulture in the Eastern Woodlands of North America: women's role / Patty Jo Watson and Mary C. Kennedy -- Gender shellfishing, andthe shell mound archaic / Cheryl P. Claassen -- Poundingacorn: women's production as social and economic focus / Thomas L. Jackson. Whose art was found at Lepenski Vir? Gender relations and power in archaeology / Russell G. Handsman -- Women in a men'sworld: images of Sumerian women / Susan Pollock -- What this awl means: toward a feminist archaeology / Janet D. Spector.]
Gerstenberger, Erhard. 1996. Yahweh--The Patriarch: Ancient Images of God and Feminist Theology; translated by Frederick J.Gaiser. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.
Goldberg, Steven. 1977. Why Men Rule: A Theory of Male Dominance. Chicago: Open Court. [Rev. ed. of: The inevitability of patriarchy. 1977.]
Gordon, April A. 1996. Transforming Capitalism And Patriarchy: Gender And Development In Africa. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Gottner-Abendroth, Heide & Joan Marler. 1998. ÒCultures of the Goddess: A Discussion,Ó ReVision, v20n3 (Winter 1998): 44-48. [Gottner-Abendroth and Marler discuss Gottner-Abendroth's pioneering research in "matriarchal" studies, what constitutes a matriarchal society, masculinity in ancient civilizations and the image of the Goddess in these civilizations.]
Gottner-Abendroth, Heide. 1999. ÒThe Structure of Matriarchal Societies,Ó ReVision, v21n3 (Winter 1999): 31-35. [The structure of matriarchal societies as exemplified by the Society of the Mosuo in China is examined. The history of matriarchal societies is discussed.]
Grace, Daphne. 2004. The Woman In the Muslin Mask: Veiling and Identity In Postcolonial Literature. London ; Sterling, Va.: Pluto Press. [1. Background to the veil: history, theory and culture -- 2. Imagining veiled woman -- 3. Revealing and re-veiling: Egypt --4. Piety and patriarchy: the Arabian Peninsular and the EasternMediterranean -- 5. Violence, liberation and resistance: North Africa -- 6. Subversion, seduction and shame: India -- 7. Conclusion: liberating the veil.]
Hardwick, Julie. 1998. The Practice of Patriarchy: Gender and the Politics of Household Authority In Early Modern France. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.
Hartland, Edwin S. 1917. Matrilinial [!] Kinship, and the Question of Its Priority. Lancaster, PA: Published for the American Anthropological Association, The New Era Printing Company.
Hays-Gilpin, Kelley & David S. Whitley (eds.). 1998. Reader In Gender Archaeology. London ; New York: Routledge. [Introduction: gendering the past -- Archaeology and the study ofgender -- Women's archaeology?: political feminism, gender theory and historical revision -- The interplay of evidential constraints and political interests: recent archaeological research on gender -- Woman the gatherer: the role of women inearly hominid evolution -- An axe to grind: more ripping yarnsfrom Australian prehistory -- Brain evolution in females: an answer to Mr. Lovejoy -- Male/female task differentiation amongthe Hidatsa: toward the development of an archaeological approach to the study of gender -- Lithic technology and the hunter-gatherer sexual division of labor -- The development of horticulture in the eastern woodlands of North America: women's role -- Where have all the menstrual huts gone?: the invisibility of menstrual seclusion in the late prehistoric southeast -- Spinning and weaving as female gender identity in post-classic Mexico -- Identifying gender representation in thearchaeological record: a contextual study -- The palaeolithic mother-goddess: fact or fiction? -- Women, rituals, and socialdynamics at ancient Chalcatzingo -- Skeletal evidence for sex roles and gender hierarchies in prehistory -- Gender hierarchy and the queens of Silla --Women, kinship, and the basis of power in the Norwegian Viking age -- The ancient Californians:Rancholabrean hunters of the Mojave Lakes country -- What this awl means: feminist archaeology at a Wahpeton Dakotavillage -- Boys will be boys: Masculinist approaches to a gendered archaeology.]
Hesse-Biber, Sharlene & Christina Gilmartin & Robin Lydenberg (eds.). 1999. Feminist Approaches To Theory And Methodology: An Interdisciplinary Reader. New York: Oxford University Press. [Egg and the sperm: how science has constructed a romance based on stereotypical male-female roles / Emily Martin -- Feminist skepticism and the "maleness" of philosophy / Susan Bordo -- Feminist history after the linguistic turn: historicizing discourse and experience / Kathleen Canning -- Evidence of experience / Joan Scott -- Situating locations: the politics of self, identity, and "other" in living and writing the text /Jayati Lal -- Construction of marginal identities: working-class girls of Algerian descent in a French school / Catherine Raissiguier -- Learning from the outsider within: the sociological significance of Black feminist thought / Patricia Hill Collins -- Eating the other / Bell Hooks -- Feminist criticism, "The yellow wallpaper," and the politics of color inAmerica / Susan Lanser -- Islam and patriarchy: a comparative perspective / Deniz Kandiyoti -- Feminism and empowerment: a critical reading of Foucault / Monique Deveaux -- Embodied geographies: subjectivity and materiality in the work of Ana Mendieta / Anne Raine -- Power of "positive" diagnosis: medical and maternal discourses on amniocentesis / RaynaRapp -- Psychomorphology of the clitoris / Valeria Traub -- Small happinesses: the feminist struggle to integrate social research with social activism / Roberta Spalter-Roth and Heidi Hartmann -- From nation to family: containing African AIDS / Cindy Patton -- Women workers and capitalist scripts: ideologies of domination, common interests, and the politics ofsolidarity / Chandra Talpade Mohanty.]
Hodgson, Dorothy L. (ed.). 2000. Rethinking Pastoralism In Africa: Gender, Culture and the Myth of the Patriarchal Pastoralist. Oxford: James Curry ; Kampala [Uganda]: Fountain Publishers ; Nairobi: EAEP ; Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press. [Gender, culture and the myth of the patriarchal pastoralist / Dorothy L. Hodgson -- Gender and material culture in WestPokot, Kenya / Barbara Bianco -- Gender, ethnicity and social aesthetics in Maasai and Okiek beadwork / Corinne Kratz and Donna Pido -- Women and men of the Khoekhoen of southern Africa/ Andrew B. Smith and Lita Webley -- Pastoralism, patriarchy and history among Maasai in Tanganyika, 1890-1940 / Dorothy L. Hodgson -- Women's roles in peacemaking in Somali society / Asha Hagi Elmi, Dekha Ibrahim and Janice Jenner -- Gender, ethnographic myths and community-based conservation in a formerNamibian "homeland" / Sian Sullivan -- The fertility of houses and herds: producing kinship and gender among Turkana pastoralists / Vigdis Broch-Due -- Exalted mothers: gender, aging and post-childbearing experience in a Tuareg community / Susan Rasmussen -- Milk selling among Fulani women in northern Burkina Faso / Solveig Buhl and Katherine Homewood -- Development ideologies and local knowledge among Samburu women in northern Kenya / Bilinda Straight -- Pastoral disruption andcultural continuity in a pastoral town / Mario I. Aguilar.]
Hoffman, John. 2001. Gender and Sovereignty: Feminism, the State and International Relations. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire ; New York: Palgrave.
Huber, Mary Taylor & Nancy C. Lutkehaus (eds.). 1999. Gendered Missions: Women and Men In Missionary Discourse and Practice. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. [Introduction: gendered missions at home and abroad / Mary Taylor Huber and Nancy C. Lutkehaus -- Missionary-imperial feminism / Susan Thorne -- Piety and patriarchy: contested gender regimes in nineteenth-century evangelical missions / Line Nyhagen Predelli and Jon Miller -- Altruism and domesticity: images of missionizing women among the church missionary society in nineteenth-century East Africa / T. O. Beidelman -- Why can't awoman be more like a man? bureaucratic contradictions in the Dutch missionary society / Rita Smith Kipp -- The dangers of immorality: dignity and disorder in gender relations in a northern New Guinea diocese / Mary taylor Huber -- Missionary maternalism: gendered images of the Holy Spirit sisters in colonial New Guinea / Nancy C. Lutkehaus.]
Ide, Arthur F. 1984. Woman Before History Was Written. Dallas: Monument Press.
Jamieson, J.W. 1999. ÒCan Gender-Equal Societies Survive? A Speculative Essay,Ó Mankind Quarterly, v39n3 (Spring 1999): 309-318. [The rise of gender-equal cultures has come to be regarded as a virtually irreversible trend associated with "modernization." But gender-equality was not common amongst historically-known societies, and the author suggests reasons why patriarchal societies have been broadly characteristic of human history--and may possibly supplant contemporary Western gender-equal cultures.]
Johnson, Allan G. 1997. The Gender Knot: Unraveling Our Patriarchal Legacy. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Joseph, Suad (ed.). 1999. Intimate Selving In Arab Families: Gender, Self, and Identity. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. [Intimate selving as a practice of biography and autobiography in Arab families. The context ; Teta, mother, and I / Jean Said Makdisi ; Searching for Baba / Suad Joseph ; The poet who helped me shape my childhood / Maysoon Melek ; My sister Isabelle / Scheherazade -- Ethnographic and historical excavations of the self. The context ; Brother-sister relationships: connectivity, love, and power in the reproduction of patriarchy in Lebanon / Suad Joseph ; Wives or daughters: structural differences between urban and Bedouin Lebanese co-wives / Najla S. Hamedeh ; My son/myself, mymother/myself: paradoxical relationalities of patriarchal connectivity / Suad Joseph ; The microdynamics of patriarchal change in Egypt and the developemnt of an alternative discourseon mother-daughter relations: the case of Aisha Taymur -- Literary imaginings of intimate selving. The context ; Patriarchy and imperialism: father-son and British-Egyptian relations in Najib Mahfuz's trilogy / Soraya Altorki -- Constructions of masculinity in two Egyptian novels / Magda M. Al-Nowaihi.]
Kann, Mark E. 1998. A Republic of Men: The American Founders, Gendered Language, and Patriarchal Politics. New York: New York University Press. [The culture of manhood -- The grammar of manhood -- The bachelor and other disorderly men -- The family man and citizenship -- The better sort and leadership -- The heroic man and national destiny -- The founders' gendered legacy.]
Kanogo, Tabitha M. 2005. African Womanhood In Colonial Kenya, 1900-50. Oxford: James Currey ; Nairobi: EAEP ; Athens: Ohio UniversityPress.
Ko, Dorothy & JaHyun Kim Haboush & Joan R.Piggott (eds.). 2003. Women and Confucian Cultures In Premodern China, Korea, and Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press. [pt. 1. Scripts of male dominance. The patriarchal family paradigmin eighth-century Japan / Hiroko Sekiguchi ; The last classicalfemale sovereign: K{229}oken-Sh{229}otoku Tenn{229}o / Joan R. Piggott ; Representation of females in twelfth-century Korean historiography / Hai-soon Lee -- The presence and absence of female musicians and music in China / Joseph S.C. Lam -- pt. 2.Propagating Confucian virtues. Woomen and the transmission of Confucian culture in Song China / Jian Zang ; Propagating female virtues in Chos{230}on Korea / Martina Deuchler ; State indoctrination of filial piety in Tokugawa Japan: sons and daughters in the Official records of filial piety / Noriko Sugano -- pt. 3. Female education in practice. Norms and texts for women's education in Tokugawa Japan / Martha C. Tocco ; Competing claims on womanly virtue in late imperial China / Fangqin Du and Susan Mann -- pt. 4. Corporeal and textual expressions of female subjectivity. Discipline and transformation: body and practice in the lives of Daoist holy women of Tang China / Suzanne E. Cahill ; Versions and subversions: patriarchy and polygamy in Korean narratives / JaHyan Kim Haboush.]
Lancaster, Chet S. 1981. The Goba of the Zambezi: Sex Roles, Economics, and Change. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
Langstieh, B.T. & B. Mohan Reddy & K. Thangaraj & V. Kumar & Lalji Singh. 2004. ÒGenetic Diversity and Relationships Among the Tribes of Meghalaya Compared to Other Indian and Continental Populations,Ó Human Biology, v76n4 (Aug 2004): 569-590. [The autosomal AmpFLSTR markers validated and widely used for forensic applications are used in this study to examine the extent of diversity and genetic relationships among nine Meghalaya populations. Altogether, 932 chromosomes from 9 populations were analyzed using 9 tetrameric AmpFLSTR loci. The included populations were all seven subtribes of the Austro-Asiatic Mon-Khmer-speaking Khasi and the neighboring Tibeto-Burman Garo. The Lyngngam, which are linguistically closer to the Khasi but are culturally intermediate between the Khasi and the Garo, are also included in the study. Although most of the microsatellite loci are highly polymorphic in each of these populations, the allele distributions are fairly uniform across the Meghalaya populations, suggesting relative homogeneity among them. Concurrent with this, the coefficient of gene differentiation (G^sub ST^) is observed to be low (0.026 ± 0.002). This is naturally reflected in the lack of clear differentiation and clustering pattern of the Meghalaya tribes based on either geographic proximity or the historical or current affiliations of these tribes. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) suggests no significant population structure. The structure analysis further suggests that, barring War-Khasi and Pnar, no other population shows any semblance of genetic identity. Even the position of the linguistically distinct Garo is not portrayed as separate from the Khasi. However, when comparable data from other Indian, Southeast Asian, and other continental populations were analyzed, the Meghalaya populations formed a compact cluster clearly separated from other populations, suggesting genetic identity of the Meghalaya populations as a whole. These results are concurrent with the hypothesis of a common and recent origin of these Meghalaya populations, whose genetic differentiation is overwhelmed by the homogenizing effect of continuous gene flow.]
Lowie, Robert H. 1919. The Matrilineal Complex. Berkeley, University of California Press.
Miller, Pavla. 1998. Transformations of Patriarchy in the West: 1500-1900. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Mojab, Shahrzad (ed.). 2001. Women of A Non-State Nation: The Kurds. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers. [The solitude of the stateless: Kurdish women at the margins of feminist knowledge / Shahrzad Mojab -- En-genderingnationalism: the 'woman question' in Kurdish nationalist discourse of the late Ottoman period / Janet Klein -- Kurdish women in Constantinople at the beginning of the twentieth century / Rohat Alakom -- Women and nationalism in the Kurdish republic of 1946 / Shahrzad Mojab -- From Adela Khanum to LeylaZana: women as political leaders in Kurdish history / Martin von Bruinessen -- Kurdish migrant women in Istanbul: community and resources for local political participation of a marginalized social group / Heidi Wedel -- Kurdish women and self-determination: a feminist approach to international law / Susan McDonald -- Medic, mystic or magic? Women's health choices in a Kurdish city / Maria O'Shea -- Folklore and fantasy: the presentation of women in Kurdish oral tradition / Christine Allison -- Portraits of Kurdish women in contemporarySufism / Annabelle B{246}ttcher -- Western images of the woman's role in Kurdish society / Mirella Galletti -- The (re)production of patriarchy in the Kurdish language / Amir Hassanpour.]
Nelson, Sarah Milledge & Myriam Rosen-Ayalon (eds.). 2002. In Pursuit of Gender: Worldwide Archaeological Approaches. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
O'Connor, Frances B. & Becky S. Drury. 1999. The Female Face In Patriarchy: Oppression As Culture. East Lansing: Michigan State University.
Oduyoye, Mercy A. 1995. Daughters of Anowa: African Women and Patriarchy. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.
Onaiwu W. Ogbomo, 1997. When Men and Women Mattered: A History of Gender Relations Among the Owan of Nigeria. Rochester NY; Woodbridge, Suffolk: University of Rochester Press.
Pilcher, Jane & Imelda Whelehan. 2004. Fifty Key Concepts In Gender Studies. London ; Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE Publications. [Androcentrism -- Backlash -- Body -- Citizenship -- Class -- Consciousness raising -- Cyborg -- Dichotomy -- Difference -- Domestic division of labour -- Double standard -- Equality -- Essentialism -- The family -- Feminisms -- First wavefeminism -- Gender -- Gendered -- Gender order -- Gender segregation -- Heterosexism -- Identity politics/the politics of identity -- Ideology -- Lesbian continuum -- Masculinity/masculinities -- Men's movements/men's studies -- The other -- Patriarchy -- Pornography -- Post-colonial theory -- Post-feminism -- Postmodernism -- Post-structuralism --Power -- Psychoanalytical feminism -- Public/private -- Queer theory -- Race/ethnicity -- Representation -- Reproductivetechnologies -- Second wave feminism -- Separatism -- Sexual contract -- Sexuality -- Socialisation -- Standpoint -- Stereotype -- Third wave feminism -- Violence -- Women's studies.]
Rao, Anupama (ed.). 2005. Gender & Caste. London ; New York: Zed Books ; New York: Distributed in the USA exclusively by Palgrave Macmillan. [We made history, too: women in the early untouchable liberation movement / Meenakshi Moon and Urmila Pawar -- Dalit movement and women's movements / Gabriele Dietrich -- Dalit women talk differently / Gopal Guru -- Why I am not a Hindu / Kancha Ilaiah -- A Dalit feminist standpoint / Sharmila Rege -- Untouchability and Dalit women's oppression / Bela Malik -- Dalit women's cry for liberation: "my rights are rising like the sun, will you deny this sunrise?" / Pranjali Bandhu -- Pan on fire: eight Dalit women tell their stories / SumitraBhave -- On a Dalit woman's testimonio / M.S.S. Pandian -- The subaltern speaks / Majid H. Siddiqi -- The women's question in the Dravidian movement c. 1925-1948 / S. Anandhi -- Reconceptualising gender: Phule, Brahmanism and Brahmanical patriarchy / Uma Chakravarti -- Periyar, women and an ethic of citizenship / V. Geetha -- Dr Ambedkar and the empowerment of women / Eleanor Zelliot -- Dalit women in western ethnography /Mary E. John -- Caste and women / Leela Dube -- Caste and gender: understanding dynamics of power and violence / VasanthKannabiran & Kalpana Kannabiran -- The impossible subject: caste and the gendered body / Susie Tharu -- Understanding Sirasgaon: notes towards conceptualising the role of law, caste and gender in a case of "atrocity" / Anupama Rao -- The downtrodden among the downtrodden: an interview with a Dalit agricultural labourer / Gail Omvedt -- Of land and Dalitwomen / Kancha Ilaiah -- Unmusical chairs / P. Sainath -- Head-loads and heartbreak / P. Sainath -- The Hindu code bill for the liberation of women / Pratima Pardeshi.]
Rautman, Alison E. (ed.). 2000. Reading the Body: Representations and Remains In the Archaeological Record. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. [Introduction: diverse approaches to the study of gender in archaeology -- Writing the body in archaeology -- Sex, health, and gender roles among the Arikara of the Northern Plains -- Labor patterns in the Southern Levant in the Early BronzeAge -- Reconstructing the lives of South Etruscan women -- Gender in Inuit burial practices -- The status of women in predynastic Egypt as revealed through mortuary analysis -- The human form in the Late Bronze Age Aegean -- Deciphering gender in Minoan dress -- Fear and gender in Greek art -- Mississippian weavers -- Prehistoric and ethnographic Pueblo gender roles: continuity of lifeways from the eleventh to the early twentieth century -- And they said, let us make gods in our image: gendered ideologies in ancient Mesopotamia -- Beyond Mother Earth and Father Sky: ancient Egyptian beliefs about conception and fertility -- Female figurines in the European Upper Paleolithic: politics and bias in archaeological interpretation.]
Ronhaar, Jan H. 1931. Woman In Primitive Mother Right Societies. Groningen, The Hague, J. B. Wolters; London, D. Nutt.
Rubenberg, Cheryl. 2001. Palestinian women: patriarchy and resistance in the West Bank. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Schloesser, Pauline E. 2002. The Fair Sex: White Women and Racial Patriarchy In the Early American Republic. New York: New York University Press.
Shahidian, Hammed. 2002. Women in Iran. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Sheldon, Kathleen (ed.). 1996. Courtyards, Markets, City Streets: Urban Women In Africa. Boulder, CO: WestviewPress. [Part 1: Introduction. -- Urban African women: courtyards,markets, city streets / Kathleen Sheldon -- Part 2: Migration and urbanization. -- South African women and migration in Umtata, Transkei, 1800-1935 / Sean Redding -- Transitions in Kenyan patriarchy: attempts to control Nairobi area traders, 1920-1963 / Claire C. Robertson -- Three generations of Hausa women in Kaduna, Nigeria, 1925-1985 / Catherine M. Coles -- Part 3: Courtyards: marriage, family, and housing. -- Washing dirty laundry in public: local courts, custom, and gender relations in postcolonial Lusaka / Karen Tranberg Hansen -- Canpolygyny be avoided in Dakar? / Philippe Antoine and Jeanne Nanitelamio -- Health, gender relations, and poverty in the AIDS era / Brooke Grundfest Schoepf -- Moving and coping: womentenants in Gweru, Zimbabwe / Miriam Grant -- Part 4: Markets: work and survival. -- Women in business: class and Nairobi's small and medium-sized producers / Dorothy McCormick -- Beyond simple survival: women microentrepreneurs in Harare and Bulawayo, Zimbabwe / Mary Johnson Osirim -- Prostitution, a petit-m{226}etier during economic crisis: a road to women's liberation? The case of Cameroon / Paulette Beat Songue -- Part5: City streets: politics and community. -- 'I am with you as never before': women in urban protest movements, Alexandra Township, South Africa, 1912-1945 / John Nauright -- Urban women's movements and political liberalization in East Africa /Aili Mari Tripp.]
Sorensen, Marie L.S. 2000. Gender Archaeology. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press ; Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Spring, Anita (ed.). 2000. Women Farmers and Commercial Ventures: Increasing Food Security In Developing Countries. Boulder, CO: L. Rienner Publishers. [Commercialization and women farmers: old paradigms and new themes/ Anita Spring -- The differential effects of capitalism and patriarchy on women farmers' access to markets in Cameroon / Deborah L. Roos and Christina H. Gladwin -- The myth of the masculine market: gender and agricultural commercialization in the Ecuadorean Andes / Sarah Hamilton -- Extrahousehold norms and intrahousehold bargaining: gender in Sudan and Burkina Faso/ Michael Kevane -- Income, productivity, and evolving gender relations in two Tahitian islands / Victoria S. Lockwood -- Women are good with money: the impact of cash cropping on classrelations and gender ideology in Northern Luzon, the Philippines / Villia Jefremovas -- Kofyar women who get ahead: incentives for agricultural commercialization in Nigeria / M. Priscilla Stone and Glenn Davis Stone -- Women farmers, small plots, and changing markets in China / Laurel Bossen -- The fields are full of gold: women's marketing of wild foods from rice fields in Southeast Asia and the impacts of pesticides andintegrated pest management / Lisa Leimar Price -- Does gender matter for the nutritional consequences of agricultural commercialization? intrahousehold transfers, food acquisition, and export cropping in Guatemala / Elizabeth Katz -- Entrepreneurs and family well-being: women's agricultural and trading strategies in Cameroon / Judith Krieger -- Small-scale traders' key role in stabilizing and diversifying Ghana's ruralcommunities and livelihoods / Gracia Clark -- Men, women, and cotton: contract agriculture for subsistence farmers in Northern Ghana / Alexandra Wilson -- Women and export agriculture: the case of banana production on St. Vincent in the Eastern Caribbean / Lawrence S. Grossman -- Agricultural commercialization and women farmers in Kenya / Anita Spring -- The importance of gender issues in revitalizing commercial agriculture in Suriname / Gwen Smith and Della E. McMillan -- Sweet and sour grapes:the struggles of seasonal women workers in Chile / Lynn Stephen -- Epilogue: next steps / Anita Spring.]
Townsend, Janet et al. 1999. Women and Power: Fighting Patriarchy and Poverty. London: Zed.
Tyrrell, William B. 1984. Amazons, A Study In Athenian Mythmaking. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Walters, Karina L. & Jane M. Simoni. 2002. ÒReconceptualizing Native Women's Health: An "Indigenist" Stress-Coping Model,Ó American Journal of Public Health, v92n4 (Apr 2002): 520-524. [This commentary presents an "indigenist" model of Native women's health, a stress-coping paradigm that situates Native women's health within the larger context of their status as a colonized people. The model is grounded in empirical evidence that traumas such as the "soul wound" of historical and contemporary discrimination among Native women influence health and mental health outcomes.]
Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2001. [Females and gender status in eastern and southern Africa: a comparative critique / Anthony G. Hopkin -- The impact of parental separation and divorce on children: a southern Africanperspective / Tapologo Maundeni -- Child abuse: a sociological perspective / Norma Romm and Apollo Rwomire -- Traditional institutions and the violation of women's human rights in Africa: the Nigerian case / Abdul-Mumin Sa'ad -- The Trokosi system in Ghana: discrimination against women and children / Abayie B. Boaten -- The feminization of poverty: effects of theArable Lands Development Program on women in Botswana / Gwen N.Lesetedi -- Prostitution, patriarchy, and marriage: a Zimbabwean case study / Ishmael Magaisa -- Unequal opportunities and gender access to power in Nigeria / Roseline C. Onah -- Constraints on women's participation in Zambian politics: a comparative analysis of the First, Second, and Third Republics / Bertha Z. Osei-Hwedie -- Street children: a new liberation movement? / Arnon Bar-On -- Housing delivery systems in Botswana: the inadequacy of gender-neutralpolicies / Faustin Kalabamu -- Women, knowledge, and power in environmental and social change / Mark Chingono -- Appendix; Status of women in the ERNESA region: statistical summary.]
Wright, Rita P. (ed.). 1996. Gender and Archaeology. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. [Introduction: gendered ways of knowing archaeology / Rita P. Wright -- Gender, reproduction, and feminine technologies: How did prehistoric women bear "man the hunter"?: reconstructing fertility from the archaeological record / Gillian R.Bentley -- Reconceiving technology: why feminine technologies matter / Judith A. McGaw -- Technology, gender, and class: worlds of difference in Ur III Mesopotamia / Rita P. Wright -- Exploring the relationship between gender and craft in complex societies: methodological and theoretical issues of gender andattribution / Cathy Lynne Costin -- Figurines and the Aztec state: testing the effectiveness of ideological domination / Elizabeth M. Brumfiel -- Construction of gender in classic Mayamonuments / Rosemary A. Joyce -- Gendered perspectives in the classroom / Janet V. Romanowicz and Rita P. Wright -- Cultivating thinking/challenging authority: some experiments in feminist pedagogy in archaeology / Margaret W. Conkey and Ruth E. Tringham -- Archaeological practice and gendered encounters with field data / Joan M. Gero.]