Bibliography: Grameen Bank (Micro-lending)
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Grameen Bank (Rural) Micro-lending Program:
Working Bibliography

Ashwani Vasishth         ashwani@csun.edu        [Last Update: Jan 31, 1999]

Anonymous. 1997. "Mundane Economics: Grameen Banking," Environment, v39n6 (Jul 1997): 14-15.
[The Grameen Bank of Bangladesh is used as an example of the application of mundane science to sustainable development. The bank began making loans under the assumption that the poor can be trusted with money, and the practice has worked quite well and has generated much interest in its approach.]     {Grameen bank; Sustainable development; Banking; Lending}

Anonymous. 1995. "A Bank that Only Lends to the Poor," UNESCO Courier, n9 (Sep 1995): 15-16.

[Muhammad Yunus founded the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh in 1983 as an institution that lends money only to the very poor. In an interview, Yunus discusses the bank's founding and its operations.]     {Grameen bank; Banks; Loans; Poverty}

Bernasek, Alexandra; Stanfield, James Ronald. 1997. "The Grameen Bank as Progressive Institutional Adjustment," Journal of Economic Issues, v31n2 (Jun 1997): 359-366 .

[Bernasek and Stanfield discuss the effect of the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh on gender. Analysis of the Grameen Bank experience has been largely neoclassical, emphasizing the incentives that confront the rational individual. But there are important social aspects to the Grameen Bank. When queried about the group aspect, male borrowers emphasized the incentives created to select group members who were least likely to default and to monitor behavior after the loan is made. These emphases closely mirror the results presumed by conventional economic models. In contrast, in response to the same question, female borrowers emphasized mutual support and assistance and the sharing of information and advice among group members.]     {Sexes; Banks; Bank loans}

Hossain, Ishtiaq. 1998. "An Experiment in Sustainable Human Development: The Grameen Bank of Bangladesh," Journal of Third World Studies, v15n1 (Spring 1998): 39-55.

[Hossain examines the Grameen Bank--rural bank--of Bangladesh. It uses a sustainable human development approach to alleviate poverty among the rural poor by loaning very small amounts of money to people who cannot afford to offer banks property as collateral.]     {Rural areas Banking Poverty Sustainable development}

Papa, Michael J.; Auwal, Mohammad A.; Singhal, Arvind. 1997. "Organizing for Social Change Within Concertive Control Systems: Member Identification, Empowerment, and the Masking of Discipline," Communication Monographs, v64n3 (Sep 1997): 219-249.

[Papa et al use the theory of concertive control to gain insight into why members and workers identify so strongly with the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh and how participation within the organization offers opportunities for empowerment.]     {Banks; Communication; Power}

Yunus, Muhammad. 1997. "Empowerment of the Poor: Eliminating the Apartheid Practiced by Financial Institutions," Humanist, v57n4 (Jul 1997): 25-28.

[Yunus discusses his experience in Bangladesh of seeing poor people, particularly women, unable to work and earn money because banks will not give them business loans. He founded the Grameen Bank to help these people have successful businesses.]     {Commercial banks Small business Women Poverty Bank loans}

Yunus, Muhammad. 1997. "A Bank for the Poor," UNESCO Courier, n1 (Jan 1997): 20-23.

[Yunus, founder of the Grameen Bank, describes the genesis of a pioneering institution that has encouraged the social and political emancipation of needy women in Bangladesh.]     {Financial institutions; Women; Social change; Poverty; Loans; Financial services}

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