Ashwani Vasishth
<ashwani@csun.edu> [Last update: April
13, 2004]
Anonymous. "Building Green," Environmental Manager 7.9 (1996): 1-4. ProQuest. LA Public Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004.
<http://www.proquest.com/>. [Energy efficiency and the use of
environmentally benign materials can save large sums on utility bills and
employee downtime over the the life of a typical commercial or industrial
building. Deciding to "build green" does not require a commitment to
spend lavishly or earn an advanced degree in architecture. It also is not
necessary to sacrifice aesthetics for the environment. Green building principle
should ideally be incorporated into a project at the site selection stage. The
long-term impacts of a facility can be altered just by orienting the building
carefully and making sure it fits well with the site. The design can take
maximum advantage of prevailing wind and natural sunlight. Native plants can be
used around the outside that require less water and maintenance. By stating in
the contract that the contractor will pick up and recycyle packaging and
construction material on the the job, a large amount of construction waste can be
avoided. Publications such as the American Institute of Architects'
Environmental Resource Guide can help in making informed decisions about
materials.]
Anonymous. "Initiating Change In C&D
Management," Biocycle 1 Jan. 1996: 44-46. ProQuest. LA Public Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004.
<http://www.proquest.com/>. [When King County Solid Waste Division
stopped accepting construction and demolition (C&D) debris at its transfer stations,
haulers had to take material to private facilities in the southern part of the
county. They looked to the wood recyclers as an alternative, and Shawn Doherty
of Doherty's Construction Management was the first in line. A high profile job
came Doherty's way in 1995 when he was hired by Fletcher Wright Construction to
recycle C&D from the Microsoft corporate headquarters expansion project.
Three nearly identical buildings were being constructed, allowing for an
opportunity to determine the impact of different waste management strategies.
Fletcher Wright used its standard waste management practices for the first
building, and Doherty was hired to recycle wood, gypsum and corrugated from the
second. The result was a $44,000 net savings for the building with a recycling
program.]
Anonymous. "Recycling Construction Debris To
Build A Park," The
American City & County 1
Dec. 2001: 47. ProQuest. LA Public Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004. <http://www.proquest.com/>.
[Newark, OH, has built a 13-acre park
largely with materials from road construction project demolitions. Designers of
Flory Park accomplished their mission of reusing local resources for learning
by using debris from Ohio State Route 16 to build several park amenities. The
project started when a group of city officials came together to decide what to
do with land that had been donated to the Licking County Foundation nearly 25
years ago. Their first goal was to stem erosion along Raccoon Creek using
recycled demolition materials. Once that was accomplished, they decided to use
materials left over from the erosion control project to construct a park.]
Anonymous. "Recycling Construction
Debris," Plants,
Sites And Parks 1 Nov. 2002:
7. Research Library. ProQuest.
LA Public Library, Los Angeles.
4 Apr. 2004. <http://www.proquest.com/>. [At
every construction site, debris like concrete blocks, lumber, plastics, paper
and dirt must be removed, and generally, it is simply hauled off to a regional
landfill. Construction recycling companies, which specialize in reclaiming
those materials, are trying to change that.]
Campman, Nancy E.. "A Sustainable Design Does Not
Cost More Industry experts share practices at SMPS/L.A. program," California Construction Link 20 Apr. 2001: 45. ProQuest. LA Public Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004.
<http://www.proquest.com/>. [Focusing on recycling measures to energy
conservation, a panel of four AEC professionals gave examples of the benefits
of sustainable design at a recent program hosted by the SMPS/L.A. Consultant John Zinner noted that the
massive Playa Vista project is fully committed to sustainability. Energy usage
in Playa Vista's buildings must be 28 percent below Title 24 requirements, said
Zinner, adding that 92 percent of the demolition and construction waste
concrete is being used in the roadways for the project.]
Daley, Beth. "Waste-Not Recycling Is Not Just
About Tin Cans Anymore. The State Is Moving To Make Heavy Materials - Sinks,
Windows, Carpet, You Name It - Standard Fare At Recycling Centers :[Third
Edition]," Boston
Globe [Boston, Mass.] 4 Feb. 2001,B.1. ProQuest. LA Public Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004.
<http://www.proquest.com/>. [Already, the state is giving grants to
nonprofit stores that will take the best used materials - such as kitchen
cabinets, bathroom countertops and ceramic tiles - and resell them at low rates
to low- income and working-class families who want to fix up their homes. A
Roxbury store already exists and another is opening in Springfield this spring.
One Dorchester store has even teamed up with retailers, such as Nike on Newbury
Street and Eddie Bauer in the Burlington Mall, to donate display racks and
mannequins to be resold. It's
sorely needed, however. Between 1994 and 1999, construction and demolition
waste in the state almost doubled to 4.7 million tons annually. Some 75 percent
of the heavy stuff - especially asphalt, concrete, bricks, and metal - already
is recycled because there is a market for it. But vast amounts of shingles,
carpet, wallboards, doors, windows, and other pieces of homes and offices find
their way into landfills because the resale and recyclable market is poor. Only
about 11 recycling places in the state accept such material from contractors. "Most landfills are gearing up for
that ban to come in 2003," said Daniel Barrett, operations manager for the
Bourne landfill. However, he says the more material that is required to be
recycled, the longer the landfill can operate. Bourne just bought a portable
picking machine that sorts metal, wood, and other materials from construction
debris.]
Ewadinger, Matt &
Kathleen Gray. "Wallboard
Scrap Moves Up the Reuse Ladder," Biocycle
1 May. 1998: 53.
ProQuest. LA Public
Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004. <http://www.proquest.com/>. [A company in Goldston, North Carolina,
Waste Reduction Products Corp. (WRPC), evolved from a study that identified
wallboard scrap as a major component of the construction waste stream that had
been overlooked as a reusable material. WRPC's ability to manufacture viable
products from postindustrial waste presents new opportunities for gypsum waste
generators.]
Goldstein, Nora. "Recovery Options for Wood and
C&D," Biocycle 1 Jul. 1995: 30-33. ProQuest. LA Public Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004.
<http://www.proquest.com/>. [Increasingly, landfill operators are
inspecting incoming loads to determine what may might be available for
recovery. Among the targets are wood waste, other construction debris, and
scrap metal. When the Cap May County Municipal Utilities Authority (CMCMUA) in
Cape May, New Jersey, began separating incoming loads of waste at its landfill
to recover materials for recycling, colleagues in the industry were skeptical.
Overall, the CMCMUA is able to recover about 40% of its incoming loads. The
Lorain County Resource Recovery Complex in Oberlin, Ohio, part of
Browning-Ferris Industries, diverts incoming materials between the three
options, depending on their ability to be sorted, reused, or changed into a form
that represents value. Sorting wood at the materials recovery facility began
about a year ago, removing it from commercial and industrial loads where there
is a steady stream of shipping containers and pallets. Overall, the wood
recovery program has exceeded the company's original expectations.]
Hepler, Heather. "C&D Waste Recycling: Razing
Consciousness," The
American City & County 1
Jan. 1994: 32-39. ProQuest. LA Public Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004. <http://www.proquest.com/>. [Construction and demolition (C&D) projects have contributed
about 100 million tons of construction waste and demolition debris in the US.
In addition to making up 10% to 20% of the matter in municipal solid waste
(MSW) landfills, C&D waste is stored in 1,800 C&D landfills across the
US. Most local solid waste departments have not faced the issue of recycling
C&D waste, but it will soon be a problem that they are unable to ignore.
According to a recent report, there are 3 general categories of waste that are potentially
marketable and, therefore, the main concentration of waste recycling
facilities. They are inert granular products, such as asphalt and concrete,
wood waste products, and ferrous metals. The categories comprise more than 90%
of the total C&D waste stream. Ferrous metal is probably one of the most
profitable and developed areas of C&D recycling. In 1993, about 62 million
tons of steel scrap were recycled. Because of its magnetic properties, the
value of the metal, and its universal usage, steel is highly recyclable.]
Hinkle, Alice. "Latest Thing In Recycling: Your
Kitchen," Boston
Globe, 29 Oct. 2000,1. ProQuest. LA
Public Library, Los Angeles. 4
Apr. 2004. <http://www.proquest.com/>. [The draft plan attacks the problem by
initiatives aimed at boosting recycling and reprocessing of construction waste,
incentives to develop new products from the recycled materials, efforts to
persuade manufacturers to take responsibility for the life of their products,
and a proposed 2003 ban on all nonprocessed construction and demolition debris
in landfills. Large haulers are
also concerned, including Tom Murphy, general manager at BFI's wood recycling
and Peabody transfer stations. As local incinerators and landfills have closed,
waste entering these BFI facilities had to be shipped longer distances, raising
costs, Murphy said. "We don't
do separation here, and I don't have that many options," Murphy said. An
increasing number of restrictions on waste disposal also means random
inspections of loads that take both extra time and money, he added. "Someone pays one way or the other
for disposal. Now the cost is being borne by taxpayers," according to
[Scott Cassel]. He said he is optimistic costs for handling construction and
demolition debris can be controlled if the state's goals are met - reducing the
volume of materials collected, increasing processing and recycling, and
developing new markets for recycled materials.]
Hinkle, Alice. "Recycling Firms Seek Ways To Beat
Landfill Space Crunch :[Third Edition]," Boston Globe [Boston, Mass.] 29
Oct. 2000,1. ProQuest. LA Public Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004. <http://www.proquest.com/>. [The draft plan attacks the problem by aiming to boost the
recycling of construction waste; creating incentives to develop new products
from recycled materials; convincing manufacturers to help recycle their own
products; and proposing a ban in 2003 on all non- processed construction debris
in landfills. Tom Murphy, general
manager at BFI's wood recycling and transfer station in Peabody, is also
concerned. As local incinerators and landfills have closed, disposal firms like
BFI have had to ship waste longer distances, which raises costs, Murphy
said. One center grant funded
research to determine the quantity of discarded asphalt shingles and seconds
that could be added to create quality asphalt paving. The state has taken a big
step in acknowledging the capacity shortfall in construction disposal , said
[Steven Changaris]. His group, however, opposes the proposed 2003 ban on
disposal.]
Hughes, Terry J. "Group considers possibility of
recycling construction debris," Lafayette Business Digest 5 Aug. 1996: 5-5. ProQuest. LA Public Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004.
<http://www.proquest.com/>. [Recycling of construction and demolition
debris is getting a second look from businesses and government agencies. The
Indiana Department of Environmental Management and Indiana Department of
Commerce started a focus group, called the Construction & Demolition Debris
Focus Group, so that construction companies, haulers, landfill facility
operators and other environment and government groups can discuss the issue of
construction and demolition debris disposal and recycling. "It's a new thing, because
everyone sort of ignored construction when they started on recycling,"
said Dawn Boston, director of Wildcat Creek Solid Waste District. Construction
debris is about 20 percent of the waste going into landfills, she said.]
Johnston, Hal &
William R. Mincks.
"Cost-effective Waste Minimization for Construction
Managers," Cost
Engineering 1 Jan. 1995:
31-39. ProQuest. LA Public Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004. <http://www.proquest.com/>. [Construction waste and demolition has been estimated by an EPA
report to comprise 23% of municipal solid waste. Other studies show equally
high percentages. The idea that construction as an industry should begin taking
responsibility for reducing its portion of the overall waste stream has been a
long time coming. To accomplish major inroads in waste minimization, the
industry must create overall strategies. One such strategy is an integrated
approach, or an integrated waste management plan. The present method of
controlling the risks involved in waste cleanup is to pass all responsibility
and coordination to the project subcontractors and not to attempt at bid time
to quantify the amount and cost of waste management. As a new approach, it is
proposed that contractors develop better tools for evaluating the amount and
cost of each subcontractors' waste at bid time. After the award, lower each
awarded subcontractor the previously-agreed-to amount, remove the
responsibility, and proceed to manage the waste on a total job basis.]
Johnston, Hal, Mincks,
William R.. "Waste Management
for the Construction Manager,"
American Association Of Cost Engineers. Transactions Of The American
Association Of Cost Engineers
2.(1992): ProQuest. LA Public Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004. <http://www.proquest.com/>. [The 3 main groups of waste found in construction are: 1.
materials that are potentially recyclable, 2. hazardous waste, and 3. type 3
landfill materials or stable fill materials. The majority of new and
remodel-renovation construction waste can go to inert construction and
demolition landfills. Recycling of construction waste will be successful only
if it is economical to do so. For example, the recycling process of gypsum
drywall waste, which comprises 15%-30% of new construction waste volume,
involves grinding gypsum board waste, removing the paper, and grinding the
gypsum board into a coarse powder. A waste management plan can provide internal
guidance and cost control measures, as well as provide evidence of a company
compliance program for external agencies, such as the Environmental Protection
Agency. The construction manager must find the methods that are most
cost-effective and that will complement one another environmentally.]
Lehman, H. Jane. "Builders wake up to recycling's
value :[North Sports Final, W Edition]," Chicago Tribune, 1 May. 1993,3.
ProQuest. LA Public
Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004. <http://www.proquest.com/>. [Multiply that by the more than 1 million
new homes built each year, and "we are talking about a lot of waste,"
said Debbi Palermini, a Portland, Ore., environmental consultant specializing
in building issues. Refuse
discarded by the home construction industry-including wood, drywall, masonry,
packing materials, steel and topsoil-accounts for almost a quarter of landfill
volume, according to the American Planning Association. "These materials builders are
throwing away have another life, but they have to change their management
practices and their waste practices," said Palermini, who audits construction
wastes by weighing the trash hauled away from a job site.]
Lingard, Helen &
Guinevere Gilbert & Peter Graham.
"Improving Solid Waste Reduction and Recycling Performance Using
Goal Setting and Feedback,"
Construction Management And Economics 19.8 (2001): 809-817.
ProQuest. LA Public
Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr.
2004. <http://www.proquest.com/>. [A multiple-baseline experiment design
across waste streams was used to determine the effectiveness of a goal setting
and feedback intervention in bringing about improved solid waste management
performance on an sports stadium construction site in Australia. A desktop
method was used to measure the volume of timber and construction waste disposed
as landfill and recycled. A general index of material usage efficiency and 2
recycling indices were calculated. Performance was measured each fortnight and
formal goal setting and performance feedback were introduced to the timber and
concrete waste streams. The intervention was effective in reducing the volume
of waste disposed as landfill and increasing material usage efficiency,
indicating that solid waste was reduced at source or re-used. Recycling
performance did not improve significantly with the introduction of the
intervention. This may be due to the way in which construction workers perceive
the costs and benefits of recycling.]
O'Connell, Kim A. "Seattle Struts Its Construction
Recycling Stuff," Waste
Age 1 Nov. 2001: 12-14. ProQuest. LA Public Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004.
<http://www.proquest.com/>. [Only one city is synonymous with Starbucks, Microsoft,
Boeing and Amazon.com - Seattle. In the past decade, the home of the Space
Needle has experienced a 10% population increase, which has resulted in more
jobs, offices and construction. Accordingly, Seattle's King County has seen a
surge in construction waste that comprises 20% to 30% of the waste stream. To
handle burgeoning construction waste, King County has established a
comprehensive construction recycling program - saving the region's builders
thousands of dollars. Program employees identify upcoming projects that could
generate substantial construction waste, contact developers and work with each
company to develop a waste management plan. The county also responds to public
inquiries and maintains a searchable online database of recyclers and specific
materials. Lastly, the county distributes regular publications and how-to
guides that include technical language to incorporate recycling into
construction contracts.]
O'Connell, Kim. "Seattle Connects Builders With
Recyclers," The
American City & County 1
Jan. 2002: 14-15. ProQuest. LA Public Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004. <http://www.proquest.com/>. [Although 30% to 40% of construction debris is recycled, King
County, WA, aims to increase that rate by promoting construction recycling and
connecting builders with recyclers. The Construction Recycling and Green
Building Program has two goals: to ensure that job-site material is recycled to
the greatest extent possible, and to accelerate the adoption of green building
practices, technologies, policies and standards in residential and commercial
development.]
O'Reilly, Anne. "How To Design A
Resource-Efficient House,"
Professional Builder
1 Aug. 1997: 74-76.
ProQuest. LA Public
Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr.
2004. <http://www.proquest.com/>. [Construction techniques and product ideas
that can be used to create a resource-efficient house are presented. Some of
these include: 1. design plans to use standard sizes of materials to eliminate
scrap, 2. recycle construction waste, including wood, drywall, metal and
cardboard, 3. encourage homeowners to recycle packaging and newspapers by
showing a recycling center in model homes, and 4. build the house tight to
prevent energy waste.]
Popeck, Charles. "Marketing Green Design and
Construction," Southwest
Contractor 1 May. 2003: 33. ABI/INFORM
Dateline. ProQuest. LA Public
Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr.
2004. <http://www.proquest.com/>. [For example, instead of using one
dumpster on the jobsite for all construction waste, a green builder may require
4 or more smaller dumpsters to separate lumber, concrete, paper products, and
steel for recycling. The space requirement is the same. All it takes is looking
at the disposal problem from a different perspective. A local contractor
recently recycled 2,000 tons of waste from a project (75 percent of the total
waste) that would have otherwise been hauled to the dump! This strategy not
only saved the contractor the trucking and tipping fees, but enabled him to put
$ in his pocket from selling the recycled waste. Obviously landfill space was
conserved and the waste was used to manufacture saleable products. These types
of synergies are what green building is all about. As Chairman of the U. S. Green Building Council-Arizona
Chapter's Education Committee, my mission is to spread the word about green
building and the LEED system to Architects, Engineers, Contractors, Owners, and
other building industry entities. The Arizona Chapter recently held our first
official LEED Workshop in Phoenix on March 6. I am pleased to announce that the
session was sold out at the maximum 84 attendees, and two people even traveled
from Hawaii for the session! Starting this fall, we will be offering LEED
Workshops every quarter.]
Quinn, Barbara. "Reclaiming Tiles and Saving
Landfill Space," Pollution
Engineering 1 Oct. 2002:
38-39. ProQuest. LA Public Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004. <http://www.proquest.com/>. [Recycling of construction debris has become important, not only
to the construction industry but also to municipal governments that are charged
with managing solid waste disposal facilities. The United States Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) set a goal of recycling 35 percent of municipal solid
waste by 2005, which would boost the value of the material recycled from $3.6
billion in 1996 to an anticipated $5.2 billion. EPA documents the value of that
recycled material, saying that products made from the 57 million tons of
municipal solid waste recycled in 1996 used 408 trillion Btus less energy than
would have been needed to make those same products from virgin materials.]
Raloff, Janet. "New Construction: What A
Waste," Science News 16 Mar. 1996: 170-170. Research
Library. ProQuest. LA Public
Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr.
2004. <http://www.proquest.com/>. [Researchers at Cornell University audited
recyclable materials in construction waste from two houses. The biggest
surprise was the uniform ratio of waste types among the two houses he examined
and those in other studies.]
Rosta, Paul. "One's Trash Is Another's
Treasure," ENR 12 Jun. 1995: 78-78. ProQuest. LA Public Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004.
<http://www.proquest.com/>. [As environmental mandates tighten,
landfill space shrinks and costs for virgin resources soar, contractors may
find cash in their trash. Construction wastes once routinely discarded at one
site are turning into valuable building materials at another and firms can now
do their trading electronically.]
Russis, Martha. "Construction Recycling Targeted
Hoffman May Mandate Earth-Friendly Development :[Northwest Sports Final, NW
Edition]," Chicago
Tribune, 14 Jul. 1993,4. ProQuest. LA Public Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004.
<http://www.proquest.com/>. [In a ground-breaking move, Hoffman
Estates is considering stricter building requirements that would prevent unused
construction debris from going in the trash and encourage developers to use
recycled materials for new construction.
Under a plan introduced for the first time Monday before a board
committee, officials were intrigued by the idea of venturing into another
recycling frontier, but wanted industry feedback before deciding whether to
move ahead. Among the ideas presented
by village recycling coordinator Michael Friesen were requiring builders to
develop and prove they have followed through on a recycling plan for discarded
materials as a condition for obtaining building and occupancy permits.]
Russis, Martha. "Construction Recycling
Targeted," Chicago
Tribune [Chicago, Ill.]
14 Jul. 1993,2NW4 Chicago
Tribune. ProQuest. LA Public
Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr.
2004. <http://www.proquest.com/>. [Hoffman Estates IL is considering
stricter building requirements that would prevent unused construction debris
from going in the trash and encourage developers to use recycled materials for
new construction.]
Russis, Martha. "Recycling Construction Debris A
Village Priority :[Northwest Sports Final, NW Edition]," Chicago Tribune (pre-1997
Fulltext) [Chicago, Ill.]
1 Nov. 1993,3. ProQuest. LA Public Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004.
<http://www.proquest.com/>. [Last week, trustees directed recycling
and solid waste coordinator Jon Franz to investigate ways of developing a plan
that may require builders to recycle wood, metal and other items left over from
construction jobs. Franz may report back with a plan as early as next month
aimed at preventing massive amounts of debris from being buried in landfills.]
Sherman, Rhonda. "The Inside Story of the Greenest
Building Complex In the U.S.,"
Biocycle 1 Dec.
2002: 58-60. ProQuest. LA Public Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004. <http://www.proquest.com/>. [The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency created one of the
"greenest" buildings in the US when it built a 1.2 million square
foot facility on 132 acres in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The
agency's goal is to lead by example and prove that its laboratory and office
complex can be a model for environmental stewardship at no extra cost in the construction
budget. A new mindset, which places the environment on equal footing with cost
and performance, guided the design team's decision-making process. They
developed a 100-year building with 40% energy savings, 80% construction waste
recovery, 100% storm water treatment through native plants and wetlands on
site, daylight in offices, and clean indoor air. The EPA campus also was
designed to maximize the recycling of paper, aluminum, glass, plastic and
cardboard. Individual departments have set up recycling bins and collection
stations in areas that generate high volumes of recyclables.]
Simon, Ruth. "Garbage Economics 101," Forbes 12 Nov. 1990: 148-149. ProQuest. LA Public Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004.
<http://www.proquest.com/>. [It appears that something of a garbage
shortage is taking place in New England. James Harvey, who owns a commercial
trash hauling and recycling outfit in Westboro, Massachusetts, has seen
collections drop 20% in 1990 as local construction has slowed and consumer
spending has stalled. Browning-Ferris Industries also acknowledges a decline in
the volumes of garbage that it collects. The garbage shortfall does not mean
that garbage company profits will fall like those of recession-sensitive
automobile companies and chemical producers. Yet, as the situation in New
England suggests, a weak economy means less industrial waste, less construction
debris, and less trash from consumer purchases. If a recession sweeps across
the US, all the publicly traded garbage companies would be hurt. That would
come as a shock to investors who have been paying as much as 22 times earnings
for shares of recession-proof companies like Waste Management. The lesson here
is that even trash is subject to the laws of supply and demand.]
Steuteville,
Robert. "Taking On The
Construction Waste Stream,"
Biocycle 1 Oct.
1996: 64-66. ProQuest. LA Public Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004. <http://www.proquest.com/>. [Artistic Solid Waste Systems is a partner with Corell Contractor
and its subsidiary, Central C&D Recycling, which is handling the processing
side of Artistic's 18-month construction and demolition recycling project in
Des Moines, Iowa. The collection system is adapted from a program that has been
in use since the early 1990s in the Chicago area, developed by a firm called
CornerStone. The specialized truck used for the Des Moines project has a
grappling hook, which gives the driver the option of stacking particular
materials in one section of the truck's rear rolloff container. Artistic, in
consultation with Gershman, Brickner & Bratton Inc., will develop a
detailed record keeping system for daily logging of the materials collected and
processed, as well as quantities of waste disposed. The collection system
includes 2 levels of sorting - one by construction workers and the other by the
trucker. The final, and most sophisticated, sorting system is at the Central
C&D Recycling processing site.]
Swanson, Stevenson &
Sabrina L. Miller.
"Hard Cash from Concrete Waste," Chicago Tribune [Chicago, Ill.] 15
Jan. 1996,11-10. Chicago Tribune. ProQuest. LA Public Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004. <http://www.proquest.com/>. [Operation Silver Shovel is discussed. In the late 1980s and early
1990s, FBI mole John Christopher and others took advantage of a legal loophole
and made millions in profits by piling up mountains of construction debris on
vacant lots in poor residential or industrial neighborhoods in Chicago instead
of actually recycling it.]
Thompson, Brian L. "Builders Look To Cut Job-Site
Waste," Jacksonville
Business Journal 28 Mar. 1997:
19-18. ProQuest. LA Public Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004. <http://www.proquest.com/>. [For years in the construction industry, contractors have finished
jobs to find they have not only completed say, a house, but also given rise to
a monumental pile of waste. No
matter how well planned or how careful the carpenters, construction waste for
builders is a given. But the amount of waste has become more of an issue these
days as the country becomes conscious about how much it throws away. Between that and the fact that the cost
of hauling construction waste away has climbed to unprecedented levels,
contractors are having to become more refuse-conscious to keep their job costs
down.]
Touart, Adrienne. "C&D management: Recycling at
construction sites," Biocycle, 1 Feb. 1998: 53-55. ProQuest. LA Public Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004. .
<http://www.proquest.com/>. [Sellen Construction Company has adopted
recycling as the method of choice for handling waste generated on job sites. As
Washington's recycling infrastructure developed, processors for concrete,
asphalt, gypsum, wood and other materials entered the marketplace. At the same
time, Doherty's Construction Waste Management began to offer extensive,
high-level on-site services to divert as much as possible from the landfill,
using smaller vehicles, frequent pick ups and custom boxes. Doherty's provided
a premium service when larger haulers were not. Finally, Microsoft pushed
recycling into high gear. With construction totaling a million square feet a
year on its expanding campus in Seattle, Microsoft asked all contractors to pay
close attention to recycling. Sellen schedules specified containers for each
stage of construction as well as for certain work site areas where specific
materials are produced. Sellen's construction waste management policy has also
tackled waste reduction, spelling out strategies such as accurate materials
estimating and just-in-time deliveries to lessen the likelihood of damage to
materials on site.]
Walmer, Tracy. "Only A Tiny Trickle of Trash Gets
Processed Into New Life :[FINAL Edition]," USA Today (pre-1997 Fulltext) [Arlington, Va.] 22 Apr. 1991,03E. ProQuest. LA Public Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004.
<http://www.proquest.com/>. [Take New Jersey. The nation's top waste exporter, it has set
a 60% recycling goal as its dumps fill up and other states grow increasingly
reluctant to take New Jersey's garbage. "New Jersey has what we call New Jersey math,'' says
[Harvey Alter], referring to some states' practice of calculating different
kinds of trash to boost their recycling tallies. Meanwhile, when officials saw how hard it would be to meet
the new goal, they quietly added yard waste and such trash as junked autos and
construction debris to their calculations - waste that's traditionally had a
high recycling rate - then announced that New Jersey had already surpassed its
original goal and was recycling nearly 40% of its trash.]
Watkins-Miller,
Elaine. "Right of
Salvage," Buildings 1 May. 1996: 32-35. ProQuest. LA Public Library, Los Angeles. 4 Apr. 2004.
<http://www.proquest.com/>. [By recycling construction materials and
specifying recycled-content and sustainable building products, leading
facilities professionals are finding gold in the green hills of environmental
stewardship. In modernization and new construction projects, salvaging and
recycling building components cuts down on waste-disposal fees, off-setting
construction costs. In considering whether to recycle construction waste,
facilities professionals should investigate: 1. local construction-waste
disposal fees, 2. local recycled markets and prices, and 3. local recycling
capacity and infrastructure. It is suggested that facilities professionals look
at life-cycle assessment flow of a given product to find the desired products.
This includes: 1. how a material was processed, 2. what are the material's use
characteristics, and 3. what are the material's post use characteristics.]
[Last Update: April 13, 2004]