The Popular Arts and American History, 1840-1960

Syllabus and Survival Guide

History 477 – Fall 2003

TuTh, 11:00-12:15, Sierra Hall 184

 

Instructor

 

Dr. Thomas Devine

Office Hours: Sierra Tower 624, Tu, Th, 2:30-3:30 and by appointment gladly given.

Email: tom.devine@csun.edu  Phone: (818) 677-3550

 

Required Reading

 

The following books – listed in the order in which we will read them – are available at the Matador Bookstore.

 

  1. Joy S. Kasson, Buffalo Bill's Wild West: Celebrity, Memory, and Popular History*
  2. Mark Twain, Puddin’head Wilson
  3. Edgar Rice Burroughs, Tarzan of the Apes
  4. Paula M. Cohen, Silent Film and the Triumph of the American Myth*
  5. Dashiell Hammett, The Maltese Falcon
  6. Melvin Patrick Ely, The Adventures of Amos’n’Andy rev. ed.*
  7. William W. Savage, Jr., Commies, Cowboys, and Jungle Queens: Comic Books and America, 1945-1954

 

*- Only selected chapters from these books will be required.

 

To subvert the system and to save yourself some money, you might consider buying used copies of the books.  I suggest the following web sites where you are likely to find used or discounted copies at significantly lower prices: www.bookfinder.com; www.half.com; www.alibris.com; www.abebooks.com

 

All other readings will be distributed in class and will also be available in a box outside my office. 

 

Spirit of the Course

 

The central premise of this course is that the popular arts deserve historians’ attention since they often reveal much about the priorities, assumptions, mores, and values of the culture that produced them. From the study of the popular arts, we can learn much about the history of our own culture.

 

Throughout the semester we will be exploring nineteenth and twentieth century U. S. history through the lens of the popular arts. 

We will examine primary sources such as novels, theatrical productions, illustrations, sculptures, movies, songs, radio and television programs, and comic books.  We will also read historians’ analyses of popular art forms and critique and evaluate their interpretations.  In the process, we will consider the power of the popular arts to influence politics, social movements, and international relations – the “stuff” more traditionally associated with the study of U. S. history.

 

In this course, you will be learning not simply more history, but a different way of understanding history and, in tandem, sharpening your own skills as a “cultural critic” – skills that will allow you to become both a more sophisticated student of history and a better informed participant in and observer of American culture.  In short, this course seeks to increase not only your knowledge but also your critical and interpretive abilities – to help you learn not only answers but better ways of asking questions.

 

Themes

 

Though the material may seem rather eclectic to you – What could Buffalo Bill, Tarzan, and Amos’n’Andy possibly have to do with one other? – there are certain themes that we will be revisiting:

 

  • the social construction of race and the “racializing” of the popular arts
  • the issue of cultural “power” – who defines “acceptable” and “authentic” culture (critics? artists? audiences?)
  • the influence of economic factors on what kinds of art forms become “popular”
  • the role of the popular arts in shaping class, regional, and national identities
  • the relationship between the popular arts, moral reform, and “respectability”
  • the significance of attitudes about gender and gender roles in shaping popular culture

 

Reflecting on the material we cover with these larger themes in mind will allow you to see the connections between what at first glance might appear to be unrelated materials.

 

 

Grading & Explanation of Requirements

 

Class Participation/Quizzes                          --20%

Paper Assignment [Due Sept. 26 or Nov. 5]    --15%*

Midterm [Tuesday, Oct. 14]                          --20%

Semester Project [Due Dec. 4)                      --25%

Final Exam [Tuesday, Dec. 9]                       --20%

 

*-To allow you some flexibility, there will be two options on the paper assignment.  You only have to do ONE of them.

 

All grading will be done on the +/ – system.  Any assignment not turned in will be counted as a “zero” in calculating the final grade.

 

Your class participation grade will take into account your grades on the reading quizzes and the quality of your oral participation in daily class discussions.

 

The midterm will be a short answer and essay test designed primarily to confirm that you have been keeping up with the reading and have given thought to the themes raised in discussion. Please bring a bluebook to class on the day of the midterm.

 

The paper assignment will focus on the material covered in the assigned readings and during class discussion.  There will be a choice of topics that will be handed out two weeks before the due date.  Papers should be a minimum of four full pages and no more than six pages with reasonable margins. 

 

The semester project will allow you to explore in detail some aspect of the popular arts and American history during the period covered by the course (1840-1960).  I will consult with you individually on your selection of a topic.  So as to prevent you from putting this assignment off until the last moment, I will also ask that you turn in a status report on your work during the course of the semester.  I will also read drafts if you choose to submit one.  A separate handout will follow with more specific instructions, however, you should expect to write a 8-10 page essay.

 

The final exam will be much like the midterm. Again, please bring a bluebook to class.

 

On writing essays…

 

Grades on all written assignments will be based on the quality of your ideas and how effectively you present them.

 

As you will find out, I read your papers thoroughly and offer detailed constructive criticism.  Do not be discouraged by my “heavy edits” of your work.  Though I will make grammar and spelling corrections on your papers, you are not being graded on grammar and spelling per se.  Still, a poorly written paper usually fails to convey ideas effectively, so in this sense good writing does matter.  There is no way of separating “the writing” from “the ideas.”  Keep your graded papers and refer back to my corrections so you do not make the same mistakes again.  My objective is to insure that every one of you leaves this class a better writer than when you entered.  You should make this your goal as well.

 

If you are having difficulty with the written assignments, please ask me for assistance.  I have extensive experience in teaching writing skills and am willing to work with you on an individual basis to improve your essays.  I will read and edit drafts if I receive them with enough lead time before the assignment is due.

 

Surviving History 477…

 

Course Format

Though this course will include some lectures, it is not a “lecture course.”  The emphasis will be on discussion and classroom interaction rather than listening to the professor.  Class participation is important and will count heavily in your final grade.  Have the reading done BEFORE you come to class and be ready to discuss it.  Our meetings will in fact be conversations – free, open, and informal exchanges of ideas – and I expect everyone to take part.  Though no one should feel intimidated, I understand that some of you may be more comfortable speaking to a smaller audience, so we will occasionally break into small groups.  Your performance in these groups will also count toward your overall participation grade.

Attendance

The success of this course depends on each student’s active participation, therefore it is important, and it is expected, that you will be present at every session.  I do take attendance.  If you have had trouble attending class on a regular basis in the past, this is probably not the course for you.  Inevitably, an occasion may arise when you are unable to attend.  Out of fairness to your classmates who do attend, however, each absence past the first four will adversely affect your final grade.  Also, given the heavy weight placed on in-class discussion, any absence is likely to detract from your participation grade. 

Common Courtesy & Academic Honesty

Since I assume that all of you possess impeccable manners and are of upstanding character, most of this should go without saying, but I put it in writing here so that there will be no misunderstanding.  Please turn off all cell phones and pagers while you are in class.  Please arrive on time and do not walk out in the middle of class unless it is an emergency or you have spoken to me about it ahead of time.  Do not tell me things that are not true.  Do not cheat. Do not plagiarize.  If you do so, I will find you out and make your life miserable. (References available upon request.)

Problems

I appreciate that many CSUN students are stretching themselves quite thin, often working full time while taking classes.  If you are feeling overwhelmed, find yourself falling behind, or are having any problems outside of class that are adversely affecting your performance in class, be sure to let me know.  Do not wait until the end of the semester when it will be too late.  I am more than willing to work with you to insure you “survive,” but I need to know you are having difficulties.  You will find that as long as you keep me up to speed, I will be very sympathetic.

 

Schedule of Topics & Assignments

 

Tues. 26 Aug.       Introduction: An explanation of course objectives, mechanics, and procedures.

 

Thurs. 28 Aug.      The Popular Arts – Some Definitions and Assessments

                            

Reading: Russell Nye, “The Popular Arts and the Popular Audience”

Dwight MacDonald, “A Theory of Mass Culture”

Anthony DeCurtis, “I’ll Take My Stand: A Defense of Popular Culture”

 

Tues. 2 Sept.        “Shakespeare for the Masses” – Antebellum Theater and the Challenge to Cultural Hierarchy

 

Reading: Lawrence Levine, “William Shakespeare in America

Available on the web at: http://xroads.virginia.edu/~DRBR/levine.html

 

Thurs. 4 Sept.       “Bowery B’hoys and Gallery Gods” – Performance, Audience Response, and Working-Class Consciousness in Jacksonian America

 

Reading: Richard Butsch, The Making of American Audiences, pp. 44-65

Richard B. Stott, Workers in the Metropolis, Ch. 9

 

Tues. 9 Sept.        P. T. Barnum and the Rise of “Democratic Amusements”

 

Reading: Selections from P. T. Barnum, The Life of P. T. Barnum

 

Thurs. 11 Sept.     “Humbug!” – The Market Revolution and its Influence on Entertainment

                            

Reading: James W. Cook, The Arts of Deception, Ch. 2

 

Tues. 16 Sept.      From Jim Crow to Chris Rock: The Origins and Legacy of Blackface Minstrelsy

 

Reading: Robert C. Toll, Blacking Up: The Minstrel Show in Nineteenth-Century America, Chs. 2-3

William McFerrin Stowe, Jr., “Damned Funny: The Tragedy of Bert Williams,” Journal of Popular Culture 10, 1 (Summer 1976): 5-13.

Justin Driver, “The Mirth of a Nation: Black Comedy’s Reactionary Hipness,” New Republic 224 (June 11, 2001): 29-33.

 

Thurs. 18 Sept.     “Constructing Whiteness” – Blackface Minstrelsy and the Politics of Class

             

Reading: Alexander Saxton, “Blackface Minstrelsy and Jacksonian Ideology”

Film:  [Recommended, but not required.] Spike Lee’s “Bamboozled” (2000)

 

Tues. 23 Sept.      “Old Folks at Home” – Stephen Foster and “America’s Music”

                            

Reading: Selections from Ken Emerson, Doo~Dah! – Stephen Foster and the Rise of American Popular Culture

 

Thurs. 25 Sept.     “Nudity and Prudery” – Domesticating the Female Body

                                                                                                             

Reading: Joy S. Kasson, “Narratives of the Female Body: The Greek Slave”

 

Tues. 30 Sept.      Buffalo Bill Cody and the Reconstruction of American Memory

 

Reading: Selections from Joy S. Kasson, Buffalo Bill's Wild West: Celebrity, Memory, and Popular History

 

Thurs. 2 Oct.        OPEN DATE

                             Continue discussion of Kasson, Buffalo Bill’s Wild West

 

Tues. 7 Oct.          Who is “Black,” Who is “White,” and Why? – Race as a Cultural Construct in Late Nineteenth-Century America

 

Reading: Mark Twain, Puddin’head Wilson

 

Thurs. 9 Oct.        Putting Puddin’head in Context

 

Reading: Eric J. Sundquist, “Mark Twain and Homer Plessy,” Representations 24 (1988): 102-28.

Keith Weldon Medley, “The Sad Story of How ‘Separate but Equal’ was Born” Smithsonian (February 1994): 104-117.

 

Tues. 14. Oct.                MIDTERM EXAMINATION

 

Thurs. 16 Oct.      “Girls! Girls! Girls!” – Burlesque and American Culture

 

Reading: Robert C. Toll, “The Girlie Show: From Statuary to Striptease”

 

Tues. 21 Oct.        Manliness and Modernity: Gender Roles and Cultural Crisis at the Turn of the Century

 

Reading: John Higham, “The Reorientation of American Culture in the 1890s”

Theodore Roosevelt, “The Strenuous Life”

**Begin reading Burroughs, Tarzan of the Apes**

 

Thurs. 23 Oct.      “Gone Primitive” – Edgar Rice Burroughs and White Male Fantasy

 

Reading: Edgar Rice Burroughs, Tarzan of the Apes

 

Tues. 28 Oct.        OPEN DATE

                                    Continue discussion of Burroughs, Tarzan

                                   

Thurs. 30 Oct.      “A Uniquely American Medium” – Silent Film and American Culture

 

Reading: Selections from Paula M. Cohen, Silent Film and the Triumph of the American Myth

 

Tues. 4 Nov.                   OPEN DATE

                             Continue discussion of Cohen, Silent Film

 

Thurs. 6 Nov.        “Tough Guys in a World of Chance:” The Modern Detective Story and the Great Depression

 

Reading: Dashiell Hammett, The Maltese Falcon

 

Film: Recommended but not required is the definitive film version of Hammett's novel, released in 1941 by Warner Brothers, directed by John Huston and starring Humphrey Bogart.

 

Tues. 11 Nov.       OPEN DATE

                             Continue discussion of Hammett, The Maltese Falcon

 

Thurs. 13 Nov. “Escapism or Subversion?” – American Film Comedy in the 1930s

                            

Reading: To Be Announced

Films: You are responsible for two of the following four films:

Duck Soup (1933), starring the Marx Brothers

Modern Times (1936), directed by and starring Charlie Chaplin

42nd Street (1933), dances staged and directed by Busby Berkeley

She Done Him Wrong (1933), starring Mae West and Cary Grant                  

 

Tues. 18 Nov.       OPEN DATE

                             Continue discussion of ‘30s film comedies

 

Thurs. 20 Nov.      Radio and Race: The Ambiguous Legacy of Amos’n’Andy

 

Reading: Selections from Melvin P. Ely, The Adventures of Amos’n’Andy

 

Tues. 25 Nov.       OPEN DATE

                             Continue discussion of Ely, Amos’n’Andy

 

Thurs. 27 Nov.      THANKSGIVING HOLIDAY

 

Tues. 2 Dec.         “A New and Threatening Medium:” Comic Books and Cold War America

 

Reading: William W. Savage, Commies, Cowboys, and Jungle Queens

 

 

Thurs. 4 Dec.        Summary and Conclusions

 

 

FINAL EXAMINATION  à TUESDAY, DECEMBER 9, 2003  10:15 AM – 12:15 PM