Steven Wexler
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English 650-01: Twentieth-Century Rhetoric
Spring 2008
Jerome Richfield Hall 319
M 4:20-6:45 PM
Office Hours: M T 2:00-3:00,
W 11:00-12:00, and by appointment

Texts:
Aronowitz. The Knowledge Factory
Bousquet. How the University Works
Flynn and Patrocinio. Gender and Reading
Gilyard. Race, Rhetoric, and Composition
Harvey. The Condition of Postmodernity
Marcuse. One-Dimensional Man
Tompkins. Reader-Response Criticism

What are the politics of information? What does student-centered pedagogy have to do with race, class, and gender? Why are you being asked questions when you no longer have time for answers? This seminar explores rhetoric as a discipline in the twentieth and twenty-first century as well as the relationship between rhetoric, epistemology, economics, and subjectivity.

The course is designed for students interested in teaching, research, and/or further graduate study. Readings draw from philosophy, sociology, literary theory, new media studies, and composition. Coursework includes presentations, weekly WebCT posts, and a final web project. Class meetings are discussion-oriented and open-ended. No tests or exams.

Requirements:
You are asked to respond online (WebCT) and on paper to the texts listed above as well as to supplementary readings distributed throughout the semester.  Your main projects include leading a discussion on two of our weekly readings, and writing and presenting a final conference paper, a paper that could be reworked in the future as a journal article.  I grade holistically, after the semester’s end and after I’ve read all of your work.  I am most interested in your commitment and overall contribution to our seminar.  Here is a summary of our work:

  • Journal Forum.  Post an informal yet thoughtful response to the weekly readings on our WebCT page.  This is a great opportunity for you to establish a meaningful dialogue with your classmates since they will post, too.  I don’t count words, but I’ll look for clear, convincing reflections in a conversational tone.  Go beyond summarizing.
  • Analyses.  You will be reading a great deal this semester and often asked to respond more formally than your WebCT posts yet less so than a full term paper.  Though these analyses will vary in style and content, they could figure into your seminar discussion and final paper.
  • Seminar Discussion.  Early in the semester, pair up with a classmate to lead a discussion on two weekly readings.  When it is your turn to lead a discussion (not lecture) you’ll be responsible for the following:

    1. Assigned book chapter(s)
    2. Assigned supplemental reading (i.e., journal article) provided by me
    3. A central text for the class to examine critically in light of our weekly readings.  Choose any text, e.g., film, novel, poem, magazine or journal article, political speech, YouTube clip, Website, television or radio program, student essay, comedy routine, song—any text that might help us better understand the larger implications and subtle nuances of our weekly readings.

Note: Please provide the class with your choice of central text one week prior to your discussion date.  Also, please come by my office before the discussion date to let me know your thoughts on our chapters, supplemental reading, central text, and strategies for a good talk.  Rather than lecture, try to find interesting and creative ways to get your classmates to situate our texts historically, biographically, politically, pedagogically, and so on.  The goal is for everyone to rehearse important approaches to these texts as well as shed new light on their subject matter, relevance, and implications for the field.

  • Seminar Paper.  This ten-page paper is a critical extension of an idea that we’ve examined during the semester. You will develop and defend your own thesis, based on what we’ve read and discussed, that focuses on key areas in which rhetoric plays an important role, such as education, science, politics, economics, art, literature, and film.  You’ll present a section of the paper to the class and field questions from your classmates, just as you would at an academic conference.  These papers could serve as early drafts of journal articles.
  • Website. Create a website and hypertext essay based on key areas in which rhetoric plays an important role (see above, "Seminar Paper"). Your hypertext essay will also be a version of your final paper.

Attendance, Participation, and Academic Honesty:
This is a graduate seminar and attendance is absolutely necessary.  Please do not come late to class, since repeated late arrivals will count as a full absence.  You cannot pass this course if you miss more than two classes, miss an assignment, or plagiarize.  Please feel free to come by my office to discuss your progress, our assignments, and any other concerns.
 

Spring 2008 Syllabus

Please note that all course requirements and policies are subject to change. Not all readings are represented below. Work is due on the date it appears.

1/28
Introductions. Syllabus. “My Speech to the Graduates.”

2/4
Tompkins: Poulet’s “Criticism and the Experience of Interiority” 41-49, Iser’s “The Reading Process: A Phenomenological Approach” 50-69, Holland’s “Unity Identity Text Self” 118-33, Bleich’s “Epistemological Assumptions in the Study of Response” 154-63.
Farmer: “Dialogue and Critique: Bakhtin and the Cultural Studies Classroom.”

2/11
Tompkins: Michaels’s “The Interpreter’s Self: Peirce on the Cartesian Subject” 185-200, Tompkins’s “The Reader in History: The Changing Shape of Literary Response” 201-32.
Faigley: “Ideologies of the Self in Writing Evaluation.”  
Computer Lab

2/18
Flynn and Schweickart: Schweickart’s “Reading Ourselves: Toward a Feminist Theory of Reading” 31-62, Kennard’s “Ourself Beyond Ourself: A Theory for Lesbian Readers” 63-80.
Olsen and Worsham: “Changing the Subject: Judith Butler’s Politics of Radical Resignification.”
Computer Lab

2/25
Flynn and Schweickart: Fetterley’s “Reading about Reading: ‘A Jury of Her Peers,’ ‘The Murder in the Rue Morgue,’ and ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’” 147-64, Flynn’s “Gender and Reading” 267-88.
Robertson and Martin: “Culture as Catalyst and Constraint: Toward a New Perspective on Difference.”
Computer Lab

3/3
Gilyard: Carstarphen’s “New-Surfing the Race Question: Of Bell Curves, Words, and Rhetorical Metaphors” 17-30, Wardi’s “Terrorists, Madmen, and Religious Fanatics?: Revisiting Orientalism and Racist Rhetoric” 31-43, Gilyard’s “Composition’s Racialized Reflection” 44-52.
Lu: “Professing Multiculturalism: The Politics of Style in the Contact Zone.”
Computer Lab

3/10
Gilyard: Holmes’s “Fighting Back by Writing Black: Beyond Racially Reductive Composition Theory” 53-66, Goodburn’s “Racing (Erasing) White Privilege in Teacher/Research Writing About Race” 67-86.
Marback: “Language Rights in South Africa.”
Graff: “Co-optation”
Computer Lab

3/17
Spring Break: No Class

3/24
Marcuse: One-Dimensional Man
Virno: “The Ambivalence of Disenchantment”
Computer Lab

3/31
Cesar Chavez Holiday: No Class

4/7
Harvey: The Condition of Postmodernity, I-II
Brooke: “Forgetting to be (Post)Human: Media and Memory in a Kairotic Age.”
Computer Lab

4/14
Harvey: The Condition of Postmodernity, III-IV
Berlin: “Rhetoric and Ideology in the Writing Class”
Computer Lab

4/21
Aronowitz: The Knowledge Factory
Brandt: “Sponsors of Literacy”
Computer Lab

4/28
Bousquet: How the University Works
Rhoads and Slaughter: “Academic Capitalism, Managed Professionals, and Supply-Side Higher Education.”
Computer Lab

5/5
Paper Presentations
Computer Lab

5/17  
Web Projects Due


Additional Sources:

Rhetoric, Cultural Studies, and Resistance Theory
Adorno, Theodor W.  The Culture Industry: Selected Essays on Mass Culture. London: Routledge, 1991.
Alexander, Claire.  “I/i: Feminist Postcolonial Studies and Cultural Studies Composition.”  JAC 1999.
Anderson, Benedict.  Imagined Communities: Reflection on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism.  London: Verso, 1983.
Anzaldua, Gloria.  Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza.  1987.
Bakhtin, M. M.  Art and Answerability.  Trans. Vadim Liapunov.  Austin: U of Texas P, 1990.
---.  Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays.  Trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist.  Austin: U of Texas P,
                1981. 
---.  Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics.  Trans. Caryl Emerson.  Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1984.
---.  Rabelais and His World.  Trans. Helene Iswolsky.  Bloomington: U of Indiana P, 1984.
---.  Speech Genres and Other Late Essays.  Trans. Vern W. McGee.  Austin: U of Texas P, 1986.
Banks, Adam J.  Race, Rhetoric, and Technology: Searching for Higher Ground.
Baudrillard, Jean.  The Spirit of Terrorism: And Requiem for the Twin Towers.
Berlin, James.   “Rhetoric and Ideology in the Writing Class.”  College English 50 (1988): 477-94.
Booth, Wayne.  “War Rhetoric, Defensible and Indefensible.” jac 25.2 (2005): 221-44.
Brooke, Robert.  “Underlife and Writing Instruction.”  CCC 38.2 (1987).
Burke, Kenneth.  A Grammar of Motives.  Berkeley: U of California P, 1969.
---.  A Rhetoric of Motives.  Berkeley: U of California P, 1969.
Butler, Judith.  Excitable Speech.
Chase, Geoffrey.  “Accommodation, Resistance, and the Politics of Student Writing.”  CCC 1988.
Daniell, Beth.  “Narraitves of Literacy: Connecting Composition to Culture.”  CCC 50 (1999): 393-410.
Fanon, Frantz.  The Wretched of the Earth. Trans. Richard Philcox.  New York: Grove, 1963.
Farmer, Frank.  Saying and Silence: Listening to Composition with Bakhtin.  2001.
Fleckenstein, Kristie S. “Bodysigns: A Biorhetoric for Change.” JAC. 1994.
Freire, Paulo.  Pedagogy of Hope: Reliving Pedagogy of the Oppressed.  Trans. Robert R. Barr.  New York: Continuum,
                 1992.
---.  Pedagogy of the Oppressed.  Trans.  Myra Bergman Ramos.  New York: Continuum, 2002.
Foucault, Michel.  Discipline and Punish.  New York: Random House, 1977.
---.  The Order of Things.
Gibson, Michelle, Martha Marinara, and Deborah Meem.  “Bi, Butch, and Bar Dyke: Pedagogical Performances of Class,
                Gender, and Sexuality.” CCC 2001.
Giroux, Henry.  “Cultural Studies and the Culture of Politics: Beyond Polemics and Cynicism.  JAC 2000.
Giroux, Susan Searls.  “The Post-9/11 University and the Project of Democracy.”  JAC 2002.
Gray-Rosendale, Laura, and Sibylle Gruber, eds.  Alternative Rhetorics: Challenges to the Rhetorical Tradition.
Greenbaum, Andrea.  Insurrections: Approaches to Resistance in Composition Studies.  New York: SUNY P, 2001.
Habermas, Jurgen.  The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society.
                 Trans. Frederick Lawrence.  Cambridge: MIT P, 1998.
Harkin, Patricia, and John Schilb.  Contending with Words: Composition and Rhetoric in a Postmodern Age. 1991.
Himley, Margaret et al.  Political Moments in the Classroom. Portsmouth: Boynton/Cook, 1997.
hooks, bell.  Teaching to Transgress. 1994.
---.  Where We Stand: Class Matters.  2000.
Horkheimer, Max, and Theodor W. Adorno.  Dialectic of Enlightenment.  New York: Continuum, 1996.
Horner, Bruce.  “Traditions and Professionalization: Recovering Work in Composition.”  CCC 2000.
Jarratt, Susan C.  Rereading the Sophists: Classical Rhetoric Refigured.
Jarratt, Susan, and Lynn Worsham.  Feminism and Composition Studies: In Other Words.  New York: MLA, 1998.
Kelsh, Deborah.  “Critquing the ‘Culture’ of Feminism and Composition: Toward a Red Feminism.” In Other Words. 1998.
Laclau, Ernesto, and Chantel Mouffe.  Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics. London:
                 Verso, 1999.
Lu, Min-Zhan.  “Professing Multiculturalism: The Politics of Style in the Contact Zone.”  CCC 45 (1994): 442-58.
---.  “Redefining the Literate Self: The Politics of Critical Affirmation.” CCC 1999.
Lunsford, Andrea A., and Lahoucine Ouzgane, eds.  Crossing Borderlands: Composition and Postcolonial Studies.
Lunsford, Andrea A., ed.  Reclaiming Rhetorica: Women in the Rhetorical Tradition.
Lyans, Scott Richard.  “Rhetorical Sovereignty: What Do American Indians Want from Writing.”  CCC 2000.
Mailloux, Steven.  Reception Histories: Rhetoric, Pragmatism, and American Cultural Politics. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1998.
---.  Rhetorical Power. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1989
Marcuse, Herbert.  Eros and Civilization: A Philosophical Inquiry into Freud.  Boston: Beacon, 1955..
Miller, Susan.  Textual Carnivals: The Politics of Composition.  Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP.
Ong, Aihwa.  Flexible Citizenship: The Cultural Logic of Transnationality.  Durham: Duke UP, 1999.
Perelman, Chaim. The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation.  South Bend: U of Notre Dame P, 1969.
Pratt, Mary Louise.  “Arts of the Contact Zone.”  Profession 91 (1993): 33-40.
Said, Edward.  Orientalism. New York: Vintage, 1979.
---.  The World, the Text, and the Critic.  Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1983.
Salazar, Philippe-Joseph.  An African Athens: Rhetoric and the Shaping of Democracy in South Africa.
Schell, Eileen.  “The Costs of Caring: ‘Feminism’ and Contingent Women Workers in Composition Studies.” Jarrett and
                Worsham 1998.
Spellmeyer, Kurt.  “Out of the Fashion Industry.”  CCC 1996.
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty.  In Other Worlds: Essays in Cultural Politics.  New York: Routledge, 1988.
Toulmin, Stephen. The Uses of Argument.  Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1958.
Vitanza, Victor A.  Negation, Subjectivity, and the History of Rhetoric.
Welch, Kathleen E. The Contemporary Reception of Classical Rhetoric: Appropriations of Ancient Discourse.  Hillsdale:
                Lawrence Erlbaum, 1990.

Technology, Mental Labor, and Late Capitalism
Anson, Chris.  “Distant Voices: Teaching Writing in a Culture of Technology.”  College English 61 (1999): 261-80.
Appadurai, Arjun.  Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization.  Minneapolis: U Minnesota P, 1996.
Aronowitz, Stanely.  How Class Works: Power and Social Movement.  New Haven: Yale UP, 2003.
Aronowitz, Stanley, and Henri Giroux.  “The Corporate University and the Politics of Education.”  Educational Forum 64
                (2000): 332-9.
Barrow, Clyde. Universities in the Capitalist State: Corporate Liberalism and the Reconstruction of American Higher
                Education, 1894-1928.  Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 1990.
Bousquet, Marc, and Katherine Wills. The Politics of Information. <http://www.altx.com/ebooks/infopol.html>.
Bousquet, Marc, Tony Scott, and Leo Parascondola, eds. Tenured Bosses and Disposable Teachers: Writing Instruction in
                the Managed University. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 2001.
Caffentzis, George.  “Why Machines Cannot Create Value.”  Davis 29-56.
Carchedi, G.  “High-Tech Hype: Promises and Realities of Technology in the Twenty-First
                Century.”  Davis 73-86.
Castells, Manuel.  The Rise of the Network Society.  Malden: Blackwell, 2000.
Davis, Jim, et al. eds.  Cutting Edge: Technology, Information, Capitalism, and Social Revolution. London: Verso, 1997.
Downing, David B.  The Knowledge Contract: Politics and Paradigms in the Academic Workplace.  Lincoln: U of Nebraska P,
                2005.
Dyer-Witheford, Nick.  Cyber-Marx: Cycles and Circuits of Struggle in High Technology Capitalism. Urbana: U of Illinois P,
                1999.
Gunkel, David J.  “Hacking Cyberspace.” JAC 2000.
Hardt, Michael, and Antonio Negri.  Empire.  Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2000.
---. Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire.  New York: Penguin, 2004.
---.  “Michael Hardt. About Love. European Graduate School 2007 1/6.”  YouTube 24 June
                 2007.  4 Nov. 2007.
                 <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ioopkoppabI&feature=related>.
---.  “Michael Hardt at European Graduate School EGS 2005.”  YouTube 24 Feb. 2007.  10 Nov.
                2007.  <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bc4pP96suIE&feature=related>. 
Haraway, Donna. “A Manifesto for Cyborgs: Science, Technology, and Socialist Feminism.”  Socialist Review 80 (1985): 65-
                107.
Hawisher, Gail E., and Cynthia Selfe, eds.  Global Literacies and the World-Wide Web.  London: Routledge, 2000.
---.  Passions, Pedagogies, and 21st-Century Technologies. Logan: Utah State UP, 1999.
Hawisher, Gail, and Paul LeBlanc et al.  Computers and the Teaching of Writing in American Higher Education, 1979-1994:
                A History.  1996.
Jameson, Fredric.  Postmodernism, Or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. Durham: Duke UP, 1995.
Johnson-Eilola, Johndan.  Nostalgic Angels: Rearticulating Hypertext Writing.  1997.
Leitner, Helga, Jamie Peck, and Eric S. Sheppard, eds.  Contesting Neoliberalism: Urban Frontiers.  New York: Guilford,
                2007.
Lotringer, Sylvere. “Forward: We, the Multitude.”  A Grammar of the Multitude by Paulo
                Virno. Trans. Isabella Bertoletti et al.  Los Angeles: Semiotext(e), 2004.
Martin, Randy, ed.  Chalk Lines: The Politics of Work in the Managed University.  Durham: Duke UP, 1998.
Ohmann, Richard.  “Literacy, Technology, and Monopoly Capitalism.” College English 47 (1985):675-89.
Selfe, Cynthia L. Technology and Literacy in the Twenty-First Century: The Importance of Paying Attention.  Carbondale:
                NCTE Press, 1999.
Readings, Bill.  The University in Ruins.  Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1996.
Rhoades, Gary.  Managed Professionals: Unionized Faculty and Restructuring Academic Labor. New York: SUNY P, 1998.
Schiller, Dan.  Digital Capitalism: Networking the Global Market System.  Cambridge: MIT P, 1999.
Sidler, Michelle, Richard Morris, and Elizabeth Overman Smith.  Computers in the Composition Classroom: A Critical
                Sourcebook.  Boston: Bedford, 2008.
Slaughter, Sheila, and Larry Leslie.  Academic Capitalism: Politics, Policies, and the Entrepreneurial University.  Baltimore:
                Johns Hopkins UP, 1997.
Tumino, Stephen.  “What is Orthodox Marxism and Why it Matters Now More Than Ever
                Before?” Red Critique 1 Spring 2001.  2 Nov. 2007.
<http://redcritique.org/spring2001/whatisorthodoxmarxism.htm>.
Virno, Paolo.  A Grammar of the Multitude: For an Analysis of Contemporary Forms of Life.  Los Angeles: Semiotext(e),
                2004.
Webster, Frank.  Theories of the Information Society.  London: Routlege, 1995.
Wilkie, Rob.  “Class, Labor and the ‘Cyber’: A Red Critique of the ‘Post-Work.’”  Red Critique 1 Spring
2001.  5 Nov. 2007.   < http://redcritique.org/spring2001/classlaborandthecyber.htm>.

Visual Rhetoric
Bang, Molly. Picture This: How Pictures Work. New York: SeaStar, 2000.
---. Picture This: Perception and Composition. Boston: Little, Brown, 1991.
Bartholomae, David, and Anthony Petrosky.  Ways of Reading Words and Images.  Boston:  Bedford/St. Martin's, 2003. 
Bernhardt, Stephen A. "Seeing the Text." College Composition and Communication 37.1 (February 1986): 66-78.
Davey, Nicholas. "The Hermeneutics of Seeing." Interpreting Visual Culture: Explorations in the Hermeneutics of the Vision.
                Ed. Ian Heywood and Barry Sandywell. New York: Routledge, 1998. 3-29.
George, Diana.  "From Analysis to Design:  Visual Communication in the Teaching of Writing."  College Composition and
                Communication 52.1 (September 2002):  11-39. 
George, Diana, and Diane Shoos.  "Deflecting the Political in the Visual Images of Execution and the Death Penalty Debate." 
                College English 67.6 (July 2005):  587-609.
Handa, Carolyn.  Visual Rhetoric in a Digital World: A Critical Sourcebook.
Hesford, Wendy S. "Visual Auto/biography, Hysteria, and the Pedagogical Performance of the 'Real.'" JAC: A Journal of
                Composition Theory 20.2 (Spring 2000): 349-390.
Hill, Diane. "The 'Real Realm': Value and Values in Recent Feminist Art." Interpreting Visual Culture: Explorations in the
                Hermeneutics of the Vision. Ed. Ian Heywood and Barry Sandywell. New York: Routledge, 1998. 143-61.
Kress, Gunther. "Gains and Losses: New Forms of Texts, Knowledge, and Learning." Computers and Composition 22.1
                (2005): 5-22.
Kress, Gunther, and Theo Van Leeuwen. Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design. London: Routledge, 1996.
Lanham, Richard. The Electronic Word. U of Chicago P.
Laseau, Paul. Graphic Thinking. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, Co., 1980. Longman, 1989.
LaSpina, James Andrew. The Visual Turn and the Transformation of the Textbook. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1998.
Mirzoeff, Nicholas, ed. The Visual Culture Reader. New York: Routledge, 1998.
Mitchell, W.J.T. Iconology:  Image, Text, Ideology.  U Chicago P, 1986.
Orr, Susan, Margo Blythman, and Joan Mullin. "Designing Your Writing/Writing Your Design: Art and Design Students Talk
                About the Process of Writing and the Process of Design." Across the Disciplines (2005).

Rhetoric and Composition History
Berlin, James. Rhetorics, Poetics, and Cultures.  1996
Berlin, James, et al.  “The Politics of Historiography.” Rhetoric Review 7.1, 5-49.
Browne, Stephen Howard.  Rhetoric, Identity, and the Radical Imagination.  1999.
Covino, William A., and David A. Jolliffe, eds.  Rhetoric: Concepts, Definitions, Boundaries.
Downing, David B., Claude Mark Hurlbert, and Paula Mathieu, eds. Beyond English Inc.: Curricular Reform in a Global
                 Economy.  Portsmouth: Boynton/Cook, 2002.
Enos, Theresa.  Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition: Communication From Ancient Times to the Information Age.
Faigley, Lester.  “Veteran’s Stories on the Porch.”  History, Narrative, Reflection.
Fish, Stanley.  “Rhetoric.”  Critical Terms for Literary Study.  Ed. Frank Lentricchia and Thomas McLaughlin.
Harris, Joseph.  A Teaching Subject: Composition Since 1966.  Upper Saddle River: Prentice, 1997.
Herzberg, Bruce, and Patricia Bizzell, eds.  The Rhetorical Tradition: Readings From Classical Times to the Present.
Heyda, John.  “Fighting over Freshman English.  CCC’s Early Years and the Turf Wars of the 1950’s.”  CCC 50.4 (1999):
                663-81.
Lunsford, Andrea A.  “Rhetoric and Composition.”  Introduction to Scholarship in Modern Languages and Literatures. 
Marius, Richard.  “Composition Studies.”  Redrawing the Boundaries: The Transformation of English and American Literary
                Studies.  Ed. Stephen Greenblatt and Giles Gunn.
Rosner, Mary, Beth Boehm, and Debra Journet.  History, Reflection, and Narrative: The Professionalization of Composition:
                1963-83.  Stamford: Abex, 1999.
Royster, Jacqueline Jones.  “History in the Spaces Left: African American Presence and Narratives in Composition Studies.”
                CCC 1999.

Composition
Bartholomae, David.  Writing on the Margins.
---.  “Writing With Teachers: A Conversation with Peter Elbow.”  CCC 46.1 (1995): 62-71.
Bishop, Wendy, ed.  Elements of Alternate Style: Essays on Writing and Revision.
Bloom, Lynn Z., et al, eds.  Composition Studies in the New Millennium: Rereading the Past, Rewriting the Future.
Brandt, Deborah.  “Accumulating Literacy: Writing and Learning to Write in the Twentieth Century.”  College English 57.6
                (1995): 649-668.
---.  Literacy in American Lives. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2001.
Crowley, Sharon.  Composition in the University: Historical and Polemical Essays.  Pittsburgh: U of Pittsburgh P, 1998.
Elbow, Peter.  “Being a Writer vs. Being an Academic: A Conflict in Goals.”  CCC 46.1 (1995): 72-83.
Faigley, Lester.  Fragments of Rationality: Postmodernity and the Subject of Composition.
Fort, Keith.  “Form, Authority, and the Critical Essay.”  Contemporary Rhetoric.  Ed. W. Ross Winterowd.  New York:
                Harcourt, 1975.  171-83.
Gee, James Paul.  An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory and Method.  New York: Routledge, 2005.
Hillocks, George Jr.  Teaching Writing as Reflective Practice.  New York: Teacher’s College Press, 1995.
Kirsch, Gesa E., et al, eds.  Feminism and Composition: A Critical Sourcebook.
Olson, Gary, ed.  Composition Theory for the Postmodern Classroom.
Rose, Mike.  Lives on the Boundary.  New York: Penguin, 1989.
Salzman, Mark.  True Notebooks: A Writer’s Year at Juvenile Hall.
Smit, David William.  The End of Composition Studies.
Kurt Spellmeyer.  Common Ground: Dialogue, Understanding, and the Teaching of Composition.
Sternglass, Marilyn S.  Time to Know Them: A Longitudinal Study of Writing and Learning at the College Level.  Mahwah:
                Lawrence Erlbaum, 1997.
Stuckey, J. Elspeth.  The Violence of Literacy.  Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1993.
Villanueva, Victor, ed.  Cross-Talk in Composition Theory.
Williams, Joseph.  “The Phenomenology of Error.”  CCC 32 (1981): 152-68.
Zebroski, James Thomas. Thinking Through Theory: Vygotskian Perspectives on the Teaching of Writing.
                Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook, 1994.
.