III. Presenting Yourself

So now you have a direction in mind that you want to pursue-- both long-term and short-term goals have been established and you've written them into a plan of action.

The next step is to develop a presentation 'package' that will serve as your marketing tools to reach your occupational goals.

Presenting yourself well to employers means:

On paper through applications and resumes;
Verbally during interviews; and
Visually by dressing appropriate to the setting and industry.

Learning to use these presentation tools by developing a marketing strategy will be discussed later on in the "Marketing Yourself" section. Right now we will focus on developing your self presentation skills.

A. Completing Job Applications

Applications are used by employers as a tool for finding additional information about who you are and for screening out applicants who do not demonstrate the qualifications they are looking for.

Your application is often the how the employer forms their first impression of you. If you show the employer that you have the skills and abilities they need, you will be invited in to discuss your qualifications in person.

Like everything else appearances count. Think of your application as an extension of yourself and an example of the kind of work you will do for the employer. Your applications should be:

Neat
Accurate
Complete
Professionally copies on quality paper
Submitted within specific time frame

Information Needed for Applications:

Social Security number
Driver's license
Work experience
School and Training experience
Military record (DD Form 214)
References
Doctor's name
Emergency contact person
Date of last physical exam
Clubs and organizations you belong to

The next pages contain tips for completing applications, followed by sample applications-- both good and bad examples. Read through the tips, and see if you can figure out what is wrong or right about our examples.

Tips To Filling Out The Application:

Read over all questions first.
Follow directions carefully.
Answer all questions completely.
Leave no blank spaces.
Print N/A on questions that do not apply to you.
Print or type - use black ink.
Write neat, clean and complete.
Use ACTION VERBS. (See Resume Writing)
Check your spelling.
Carry a pen and ruler.
If filling it at home make additional copies for practice.
If you are at the work site and have made several errors, ask for another application.
Check your APPEARANCE, even when you are picking up the application.
Bring a professional copy of your resume.

How to Handle Difficult Questions

Problem questions may be addressed by writing "May discuss at time of interview"

Avoid writing "fired." Instead put:

If you have too little experience:
a. look at volunteer, hobby, chores, and other experiences.
b. use classroom and other educational and training experiences

Explaining Gaps in Employment:

It is important that you try to account for your past ten years, if possible, when completing a job application. Following is a list that might help to give you ideas for discussing gaps in employment on an application, or even in person during the interview:

Common Mistakes:

Completing application in pencil
Sloppy and not neat
Writing "open" under position desired, or not being specific with position title
Listing an unrealistic amount under "salary desired" instead of writing "open"or "negotiable"
Not enough information on the former employment section
Failing to sign the application when completed
Making errors or omissions: Spelling mistakes; incomplete information; leaving items blank
Failing to relate skills to position desired

B. Developing Resumes

A resume by definition is a one page, concise piece of self-advertising that is focused on a specific position or job objective.

The resume is designed as an enticement to an employer-- To give them enough information so they can see you have the basic qualifications for the position, and so they will want to meet with you to discuss your qualifications further in a job interview.

Your resume is a very individual document with it's own special uniqueness that presents your qualifications. Good resumes are well-organized with a focused employment objective.

What Should A Resume Include?

Identifying data:

- Objective (optional): a clear statement (usually 2-4 words) identifying the position you are seeking

- Education: list your most current degree/credential first. Include the month and year of graduation, the institution attended. You may list relevant courses.

- Honors: include GPA if 3.0 or higher, graduation with honors, awards, honor societies, dean's list, etc.

- Experience: include work-related activities. Describe not only job responsibilities, but what you created, accomplished, achieved, etc. (refer to handout on action verbs)

- Professional Development: include completion or plans on taking an exam in your field; i.e. CPA, Actuarial, Civil Engineering, etc.

- Special Skills: include skills applicable to your career field; i.e. computer language, fluency in foreign languages, public speaking, performing arts, etc.

- Activities/Interests: include those activities that demonstrate leadership abilities or cooperation in working with others.

- Disclosing a Disability: if you feel the employer would be very likely to hire someone with a disability such as, the government, then find a positive way of disclosing your disability. Ask yourself, "will disclosing support my goal of being hired?" Disclosure can be addressed either in your cover letter or on your resume. If there is any chance your disability will be viewed negatively, don't disclose it. In most situations, people should not disclose their disability at this time.

Key Tips for Effective Resume Writing:

Limit resume to one page (two pages maximum)
Organize your thoughts by preparing a draft of your resume
Begin the resume with what is important. Prioritize your resume by listing information your reader will look for first.
Begin with your most qualifying experience: If limited experience, begin with education
Use action words to describe work duties
Emphasize specific accomplishments over duties and responsibilities
Use concrete examples that can be measured: instead of "has leadership abilities" be specific as in "supervised eight employees" or "conducted workshop on. . ."
Stress your accomplishments
Use the complete page, but keep space between sections
Use bullets, bold type, capital letters, and underlining
Be consistent in capitalization and punctuation
Design your resume to fit the position for which you are applying. One generic resume will not work for all of the job openings.
Print resume on white or neutral color preferably on 20 - 24lb. bond 81/2" x 11".
Send originals
Do not include names of references
Have others look at your resume to proofread and provide feedback
Get your resume reproduced professionally (at Kinkos, for example)
Send references either a copy of your resume or discuss how your past job duties relate to the job you are seeking

Do You Use a TDD??

For job seekers who use a TDD, or TT (Text Telephone), it is a personal decision whether or not you should put your TDD phone number on your resume.

"Why is the TDD number an issue?"

If you use your TDD phone number on your resume, you should also include the number for the relay service in your state. This will help employers to be able to get in contact with you.

If you have activities or items on your resume that indicate you are deaf, have a speech impairment, or other disability-- such as attendance at a school for the deaf or involvement with clubs and/or organizations-- go ahead and use your TDD number with the relay service number.

However, some employers may not know how to use the relay service, or what that means. Even if they do, they may allow their fears or stereotypes to interfere and not make the effort to call a TDD number. So what can you do?

Use the voice phone number of a friend or family member for messages (ALWAYS Get Prior Permission Before Using Someone's Number).
Some state employment offices (Employment Development Department in California) offer free message services for TDD users.

Tips For People With Little Or No Work Experience

Many tasks have led to the acquirement of marketable skills. Consider the following experiences:

Work on a school paper or yearbook
Intern work for a business
Serving on committees
Coaching sports or tutoring academics
Achieving recognition for an essay or project
Assisting a teacher
Baby-sitting
Helping with lawn care
Leadership in a club
Helping with church activities
Serving on a student government committee

Think about the tasks listed above and how you might be able to state the task in a skill.

For example:

Developing a Rough Draft:

Choose an appropriate format that promotes you to the employer in the best possible way. There are several different types of resumes to choose from, and a discussion of each is included on the next pages.
Select information you want to included. Remember to prioritize categories by placing the most important items towards the top of your resume.
Write, rewrite and edit your final copy. Remember to show your qualifications for the position through your number of experiences, skills, and capabilities.
List your experiences on the job, then translate them into brief, action oriented sentences. Use the list of Action Verbs to help you.

For Example:

* Organized office files
* Maintained office books
* Handled cash using a cash register

Resume Worksheet

___________________________
Name (Bold)

Identifying Data:
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________

Personal Data (Optional):
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________

Objective _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

Education:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

Experience:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

Professional Development: _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

Special Skills:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

Activities/Interests:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

Honors:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

References: Available upon request (optional)

Action Verbs

bold

accomplishments

Management Skills

attained,

improved, increased,

strengthened,

Communication Skills

convinced

Research Skills

clarified, collected, critiqued, diagnosed, evaluated, examined, extracted, identified, inspected, interpreted, interviewed, investigated, organized, reviewed, summarized, surveyed, systematized

Technical Skills

overhauled

upgraded

Teaching Skills

adapted, advised, clarified, coached, communicated, coordinated, demystified, developed, enabled, encouraged, evaluated, explained, facilitated, guided, informed, instructed, persuaded, set goals, stimulated, trained

Financial Skills

administered, allocated, analyzed, appraised, audited, balanced, budgeted, calculated, computed, developed, forecasted, managed, marketed, planned, projected, researched

Creative Skills

founded

originated

revitalized

Helping Skill

expedited

Clerical or Detail Skills

approved, arranged, catalogued, classified, collected, compiled, dispatched, executed, generated, implemented, inspected, monitored, operated, organized, prepared, processed, purchased, recorded, retrieved, screened, specified, systematized, tabulated, validated

More Verbs for Accomplishments

achieved, expanded, improved,

reduced

resolved

restored, spearheaded, transformed

Types of Resumes:

Chronological:

Employment is listed starting with the most current job and ending with the earliest. Dates follow the name of employer, job title, and a brief description of accomplishments and duties.

Advantages:

Most widely used
Interviewers are most familiar with it
Easiest to prepare because format is structured
Can highlight a steady employment history

Disadvantages:

Reveals employment gaps
Can place emphasis on unrelated or undesirable jobs in applicant's past experience
Unless carefully constructed, could be difficult to spot important information
Does not highlight areas of skills and accomplishments

Functional:

Used by those who have acquired a variety of skills and achievements through a number of experiences. Allows the applicant to highlight selected areas which most relate to the job being sought. Information is ranked from the most important to least important down the page. This ranking is based on knowledge of the job/employer.

Advantages:

Highlights selected areas which relate most to the job
Can de-emphasize certain areas on a spotty employment record
Is well organized and concise

Disadvantages:

Can be difficult to write - requires extensive background work or knowledge of the job employer
Need strong related work experience and/or skills
Format does not connect skills/achievements to specific work situations in the case of multiple employment.

Combination:

Combines the functional/chronological format. Allows you to highlight major skills. Displays a continuous record of related work experience. This style usually lists functions/skills followed by a listing of employers and dates of employment.

Advantages:

Can be individualized
Spotlights specific experience, achievements/skills
Is clear, concise, and well organized

Disadvantages:

No standard format
Need strong related work experience and/or skills
Some interviewers are not familiar with this format

Accounting:

For those seeking a position as an accountant. Usually follows the chronological format. The following data is of particular importance:

Overall grade point average and GPA in major when 3.0 or above.
List of specific accounting courses completed with the grades earned plus courses in progress.
Professional development should always include CPA review course, plans to take the examination and any other special training in accounting and/or computers.

Education:

For applicants seeking a position in education (teachers, administrators, support services such as counselors, nurses, librarians). Includes specific information such as:

Education and Credentials: credential(s) listed with the most recent first, when and where received, whether clear or partially fulfilled, and followed by previous credentials held. Degree(s) listed with the most recent first, when and where received, your major. Honors optional.
Professional file: include where the file is located and how it may be obtained
Related Experiences: may include field work, internships, and student teaching assignments and should relate to the desired position. List most recent first, beginning with student teaching if no previous teaching experience. Include your title, where employed and when. Use action verbs when describing responsibilities. Include grade levels, subjects, and other pertinent information such as class ethnicity.

Technical:

Emphasis on positions related to engineer, computer science, math and physics. The following information is sought:

Career Objective or field of interest: should represent your current employment objective. Be as specific as you can.
Graduation date
Grade point average - if 3.0 or higher
Major courses &/or special projects
Applicable work experience
Type of work: full-time, part-time, summer
Date available
Citizenship or visa status: optional

Note: Some of the above information can be listed in a cover letter instead of on your resume.

Creative:

Used by those seeking positions in artistic/entertainment fields. Follow guidelines for all resumes. Emphasis is on effective use of visual images and color.

Experience is usually described using nouns, e.g. design, layout, production, etc. Not action verbs.
Portfolio and references available upon request.

Note: Never let devices/images become so large or powerful that they detract from your professional qualifications. Don't make your resume 'cute'� you want the company to take you seriously.

Who Should Be My References?

Using the list below, try to think of at least three people who would be good references for you. Start by choosing people from #1 if possible, then move to #2, and so on until you have three names.

Write their names on separate paper and fill in the following information:

NEVER USE A REFERENCE WITHOUT GETTING PRIOR PERMISSION!

Be sure to tell them what kind(s) of position(s) you are applying for, and how your relationship with them can assist you in getting the position. (For example: "This job requires budget management, so please be sure to tell them about how I did your bookkeeping").

Past employers, supervisors &/or colleagues from work.
Colleagues &/or associates from professional associations.
Teachers� Preferably from your major of field.
Friends from the community (i.e. from clubs, hobbies, church, etc.). Try to choose people in prominent positions. For example, your pastor/priest, someone in your club who is an executive, etc.
Family

Common Errors:

* Using the word "RESUME" in heading. (It's a waste of space.)

* Listing references on the resume. (Wait for employer to request them.)

* Making handwritten corrections

* Putting a date on the resume

* Using a title (i.e. Dr., Mr., or Mrs.)

* Using a nickname or initials

* Using abbreviations or acronyms (spell it out)

* Using "I", instead of beginning with action verbs

* Using the category of "work experience", this can work against you if you have done mostly volunteer work. Use "Professional Experience" or "Related Experience"

Letters of Recommendation:

Letters of recommendation, also known as letters of reference, are letters written by your references to an employer about you and your skills. These letters are sometimes required when submitting resumes or applications for specific positions.

Often references will ask that you write a draft of the letter and give it to them to be typed onto their letterhead paper. While this is sometimes a difficult task, it gives you some control to ensure that your references discuss the points you want them to make. For example, if you are applying for a job that requires use of a specific computer program, you can be sure to mention the use of that program in the letter you write.

While there is no set format for a letter of recommendation, the following outline will be useful if you need to develop one for yourself. Remember to use strong, action oriented words to describe yourself. Use the list of Action Verbs to help you.

Paragraph one: Writing as if you are your reference, state your first and last name, how you two are aquatinted, and for how long.

Paragraph Two: This is where you discuss activities that demonstrate skills and abilities related to the job or career field you are interested in pursuing. Mention specific activities whenever possible.

Paragraph Three: Discuss your personal qualities, such as 'diligent', 'hard worker', 'quick learner,' etc. This is also where you state that you would be a valuable asset to any company.

** You should get a letter of recommendation from each internship or job that you leave under good circumstances (you were not fired).

Examples of Resumes:

Chronological:

Jane Jobseeker
18012 Main St. #120
Northridge, CA 91326
(818) 363-1234

OBJECTIVE:	Stock Broker Assistant

EDUCATION:	California State University, Northridge 
		Bachelor of Arts:  Economics 
		Degree Anticipated Fall 199x

RELATED COURSEWORK:

	* Calculus	* Statistics	* Accounting		* Business Law	
	* Economic Price Theory		* Law & Economics	* Microeconomics		* Macroeconomics

COMPUTER SKILLS:

	IBM/Compatibles:	* WordPerfect 5.0, 5.1, & 6.0	
				* DOS 6.0 & 6.2	* Quatro Pro
				* Business Works	* Lotus 1-2-3
				* Windows
				
EXPERIENCE:
		Assistant Manager
11/9x-		United Artists, Granada Hills, California
Present		* Supervise and train new employees
		* Facilitate customer relations and monitor courtesy
		* Promote theater through area stores
		* Contact major studios regarding promo kits & merchandise
		* Order, cut and splice trailers to print
		* Purchase confection and janitorial supplies
		* Build movies for showing and tear for shipping
		* Maintain projectors to ensure film quality
		* Responsible for daily receipts balance and deposit moneys into safe
		* Compile and enter daily balance data into office computer system
		* Plan and supervise employees shifts
		* Develop and monitor employee schedules
		* Stock and display merchandise
		* Photographed district theaters for corporate headquarters

8/ 9x-		Lab Assistant
9/9x		Cancer Research Lab, 
		California State University, Northridge 
		* Observed and collected data for experimentation in polyfertilization process 
		* Prepared salt water baths to wash Sea Urchins 
		* Mixed solutions with lichens in which the Sea Urchins were placed 
		* Fertilized the Sea Urchins

ACTIVITIES:

19xx -  	Soccer Team, California State University, Northridge
19xx		* Starting goal keeper

19xx -		Genetics Club
19xx 

REFERENCES:	Available Upon Request

Functional:

Joseph Smoe

16666 Downtown Street Granada Hills, CA 91344 (818) 368-0800 Objective Manager Trainee Qualifications and Skills Staff Supervision and Training * Conduct Interviews and Hire Personnel * Train Incoming New Employees * Determine Staff Schedules based on Payroll Budget * Supervise Shifts to Ensure Sufficient Theater Coverage * Manage Disciplinary Actions Advertising and Promotions * Organize Promotional Events * Contact Outside Sources for Promotional and Display Items General Theater Operations * Responsible for Entire Theater Operation in the Manager's Absence * Balance Daily Receipts and Deposit Money into Safe * Compile and Enter Daily Balance Data into Office Computer System * Take Film Bookings * Develop Show time Schedule * Handle Customer Inquiries and Special Requests * Inventory Concessions and Purchase Needed Stock * Ensure Efficient Operation of Concession Stands Theater Maintenance and Equipment * Educate Employees on United Artists Safety Policies and Procedures * Monitor Theaters for Cleanliness and Potential Hazards * Order Janitorial Supplies * Build and Tear Prints for Showing and Shipping * Order and Attach Trailers to Print * Maintain Projectors and Related Equipment * Thread and Run Movies * Troubleshoot and Remedy Pacer System Relevant Experience United Artists Theatres Granada Hills, California 3/9x - Present Assistant Manager 5/9x - 3/9x Supervisor 6/8x - 5/9x Usher/Concession/Cashier Education California State University, Northridge Bachelor of Science: Management Degree Expected: December 199x Related Coursework * Business Law * Business Communications * Management * Financial Accounting * Managerial Accounting * Intermediate Price Theory * Microeconomics * Money & Banking * Marketing * Management Science * Macroeconomics * Calculus for Business Applications Honors/Activities Golden Key National Honor Society

Combination Resume

Stella Star

Willing to Relocate OBJECTIVE: Manager Trainee SUMMARY OF QUALIFICATIONS:

United Artists Theatres

SKILLS AND EXPERIENCE: Advertising * Contact major studios regarding promo kits & merchandise * Photographed district theaters for corporate headquarters Budgeting * Responsible for daily receipts balance and deposit moneys into safe * Compile and enter daily balance data into office computer system * Purchase confection and janitorial supplies * Successful completion of accounting class Concession * Stock and display merchandise * Handle customer orders and cash register transactions Customer Service * Facilitate customer relations and monitor courtesy Film Bookings * Obtain film bookings and changes Human Resources * Participate in the interviewing and selection process * Develop and monitor employee schedules * Plan and supervise employees shifts Projection & Sound * Operate and maintain projectors and sound systems to ensure film quality * Order, cut and splice trailers to print * Build movies for showing and tear for shipping Risk Management * Conduct weekly safety meetings * Monitor theaters for potential safety hazards Staff Training * Supervise and train new employees Theatre Maintenance * Maintain theater cleanliness Theatre Promotions * Promote theater through area stores EXPERIENCE: 11/9x-Present Assistant Manager United Artists, Granada Hills, California 8/9x -9/9x Lab Assistant Cancer Research Lab, California State University, Northridge EDUCATION: California State University, Northridge Bachelor of Arts: Economics Degree Anticipated Fall 199x RELATED COURSEWORK: * Calculus * Statistics * Accounting * Business Law * Economic Price Theory * Law & Economics * Microeconomics
* Macroeconomics COMPUTER SKILLS: IBM/Compatibles: * WordPerfect 5.0, 5.1, &6.0 * DOS 6.0 & 6.2 * Quatro Pro
* BusinessWorks * Lotus 1-2-3 * Windows

1234 Hollywood Way * Burbank, CA 90028 * (818)753-XXXX

Accounting:

LESLIE G. JOBSEEKER

1234 W. Sixth Street San Marino, CA 92345 (818) 555-2345

OBJECTIVE Entry-Level Staff Accountant EDUCATION B.S. Degree: Business Administration, June 19xx Option: Accounting California State University, Northridge Overall Grade Point Average -- 3.2 Accounting Grade Point Average -- 3.3 HONORS & EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES * Dean's List * Supervisor/Preparer: Voluntary Income Tax Assistance Program * Director of Tours: Accounting Association PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT Enrolled in CPA Review Course. Will take May 19xx CPA Exam. COMPUTER SKILLS * LOTUS 1-2-3 * dBaselll * WordPerfect * 10 Key by touch EXPERIENCE Have consistently been employed 20-40 hours per week while attending college. ACCOUNTING INTERN (20-40 hours per week) June 19xx to present John Jones, CPA, Los Angeles, CA * Work on audits with staff. * Prepare State and Federal tax returns. * Review and adjust clients' general ledgers. * Prepare sales and quarterly payroll tax reports. BOOKKEEPER (20 hours per week) September 19xx -- May 19xx Watkins Heating Company, Woodland Hills, CA * Promoted to Head Bookkeeper after six months. * Responsible for accounts payable, receivable and payroll. * Trained and supervised assistant bookkeeper. SALES ASSOCIATE (40 hours per week) Summer 19xx May Company, Canoga Park, CA * Operated cash register and balanced daily receipts. * Priced, stocked and displayed merchandise. * Provided customer service. INTERESTS Golf, tennis, sailing and music

Education


Jill Applicant
						Bilingual: Spanish
325 Oak Avenue							(818) 555-5678 (work)
Northridge, CA 91330						(818) 555-1234 (home)

Education/Credentials
	California State University, Northridge:
	Special Education Specialist Credential, Learning Disabled, June 19xx 
	California Multiple Subject Teaching Credential, Clear 
	B.A. Liberal Studies, January 19xx 

Related Experience
    Spring 	Student Teacher, 
    l9xx	Los Angeles Unified School District 
		Instructed 7th-9th grade Learning Disabled students in a special day class 
		program.  Developed a class schedule and lesson plans which used a variety 
		of assessment strategies. Worked closely with parents and implemented a 
		behavioral reinforcement system for each student. Introduced a special unit 
		on survival skills.

    Spring	Student Teacher,
    l9xx 	Los Angeles Unified School District
		Instructed 4th grade students in a team teaching situation which included 
		bilingual and gifted students.  Developed a highly motivational reading 
		center. Gold Rush social studies unit, math games, and a multicultural and 
		self-awareness unit. Directed students in a Spanish dance presentation and 
		sign language performance for the student body.

    19xx	Teacher Aide - Special Education,
         to	Los Angeles Unified School District
    19xx	Assisted the teacher and supervised students with various disabilities on the 
		playground and in the classroom.  565 substitute hours in EH.

		Tutor/Recreation Leader,
		Sheraton Convalescent Home, Brentwood, CA
		Supervised recreational activities and Bible study for disabled youth and 
		elderly patients. Assisted stroke patients weekly with speech exercises and 
		writing skills.

		Recreation Leader/Counselor,
		Hollygrove Orphanage, Reseda, CA
		Worked with educationally handicapped, emotionally disturbed and battered 
		and abused children. Performed the duties of a house parent, tutored one-
		on-one and organized recreational activities for summer.

		Camp Counselor,
		ACAMPAR, Stonesville, CA
		Camping Program for the Disabled. Assisted physically disabled children 
		with their physical needs, provided supervision during recreational and craft 
		activities.

		Counselor, Children's Correspondence
		Joni and Friends, Inc., Northridge, CA
		Assisted in writing letters to children having problems concerning physical 
		disabilities, personal or family needs.

Interests
		Traveling, outdoor activities, arts and crafts, illustrating children's books 
		and educational resources.

References

		Placement file available upon request.

Technical

Robert G. Jobseeker U.S. Citizen
1841 Dream Street * Northridge, CA 91326 * (818) 885-xxxx Objective Entry-Level Software Engineering Position Languages * C/C++ * Ada * FORTRAN * Assembly * Pascal * COBOL Systems * UNIX * VAX * MS-DOS * Sun 3/60 * Novell Education Bachelor of Science: Computer Science January 19xx California State University, Northridge (CSUN) Major Courses Data Base Design Software Engineering Operating Systems Lab Introduction to A.l. Computer Graphics Lab Numerical Analysis Digital Systems Lab Robotics Lab Honors Graduation with honors: Cum Laude GPA: 3.6/4.0 Extensive Academic Honors Special Projects * 700-line Inventory/POS system in FoxBase + (Group Project Leader) * 1200-line O.S. shell/file system in C, 1000 lines C++ under UNIX System V * Robot Workspace Translation system in AML, VAL on IBM 7565, PUMA robots Computer Experience Network Administrator June 19xx -- February 19xx Computer Center: Systems Group -- CSUN Set up Novell file servers from the box to a finished laboratory situation: * Server hardware, OS, accounts * IBM-PC software installation, maintenance, updates * USER training, troubleshooting, documentation User Support Specialist September 19xx -- June 19xx Computer Center: User Services Group -- CSUN * Installed, maintained & troubleshot IBM-compatible applications software. * Assisted internal & instructional users with applications and programming on Cyber, VAX, PRIME, AT&T3b5, PDP-11 and IBM PC & PS/2. * Trained users & troubleshot software & hardware (terminals, printers, PCs) by telephone and in person. Wrote tutorials. Programmer June 19xx -- January 19xx PC-SOFTEACH Computer Consulting, Burbank, CA Additional Experience Assistant Manager, Fayva Shoe Store, Valencia, CA 5/9x - 12/9x Sales Associate, Miller's Outpost, Valencia, CA 6/9x - 5/9x References Available Upon Request

Creative

MICHAEL K. FLANAHAN 9500 Tolouse Ave. #316 Northridge, California 91348 (818) 992-2345

CAREER OBJECTIVE Graphic Designer SPECIALIZED SKILLS Well versed in artistic designs. Creative abilities in conceptualization, corporate identity, and logo design. COMPUTER SKILLS *Macintosh Literate: Graphic Programs: * Adobe Illustrator * Quark Express * Adobe Photoshop Word Processing: * MicroSoft Word 5.0 Spreadsheets: * Microsoft Excel 4.0 Network Experience: * Turbogopher * AppleShare * IBM PC Compatible Literate: * WordPerfect 5.1 * Lotus 1-2-3 * Windows EDUCATION June 19XX California State University, Northridge Bachelor of Arts: General CAREER EXPERIENCE May 19XX - Design Specialist September 19XX Empire Berol USA, Orange County, CA Created layouts for catalogs and other promotional materials. Separated graphics to prepare for press.
Assisted departments with creative designs pertinent
to their production needs, including box covers and
product inserts. July 19XX Sales Manager September 19XX Robinson's, Woodland Hills, CA Developed client base in men swear department specializing
in formal wear. Assisted with employee training and sales
promotions. Lead department in annual sales revenue of
more than $250,000. LEADERSHIP ACTIVITIES September 19XX Coordinated publicity team, then designed and created June 19XX billboards and flyers for Sigma Alpha Epsilon Fraternity. REFERENCES & PORTFOLIO Available Upon Request

C. Writing Cover Letters

Cover Letter
(Letter of Application)

Used by employers as a screening tool in addition to a resume &/or application.
Allows applicants to give additional information that they have not put in the resume &/or application.
Gives applicants the opportunity to emphasize certain skills or accomplishments that the employer is seeking. For example, this would be a good place to mention a project completed in an architectural design class, or knowledge and use of a specific computer program.
Like a resume, a cover letter should be free of spelling or grammar errors, typed and printed on quality resume paper (to match the resume).
The letter of application is used in place of an application form. It should include more information than a standard cover letter since the employer will not have the application information. This letter should offer more about past experiences and places of employment, computer use, second language fluency, club or community involvement, etc. Cover letters generally have three paragraphs.

Cover Letter Do's:

Make each letter an original.
Do follow instructions in recruitment ads.
Do included your telephone number in the heading.
Do time your letter's arrival.
Do keep the letter to one page.
Keep a copy of every cover letter.
Do sign your letter and enclose your resume.

Cover Letter Don'ts:

Don't use "Dear Sir," or "Dear Madam."
Don't over use "I."
Don't tell it all in the letter. Remember, you want the employer to invite you in to say more.
Don't use abbreviations or acronyms.

General Outline for Cover Letter

Date Name of Contact Person Title Company Name Street Address City, State, Zip Dear (Contact Person): Opening Paragraph: Name the job for which you are applying. Tell how you
learned about it. Mention the name of the person (if any) who referred you to the
organization and vacancy -- preferably a colleague of the contact person.

Body Paragraph(s): Critical content section. Emphasize skills or abilities you
have that relate to the job for which you are applying. If you have had relevant work
experience or related education , be sure to point it out, but do not reiterate your entire
resume. Explain why you are interested in working for this employer and specify your
reasons for desiring this type of work. Be sure to communicate confidence. Remember
that the reader will view your letter as an example of your writing skills.

Closing Paragraph: Push for an interview. You may refer the reader to your
enclosed resume and whatever media you are using to illustrate your training, interests and
experience. Assert yourself by telling the contact person you will call him/her on a
designated date, or within a specified time period, to set up an interview. Alternatively,
state that you are available for a personal interview at his/her convenience.

Sincerely, Your name typed Your address Your Phone number Enclosure(s)

Sample Cover Letter

12345 Highland St. #230 Northridge, CA 91326 (818)366-6666

February 2, 1995 Herbert Singer, Director Greater Medical Group Human Resources Department 11111 Septima Blvd. Mission Hills, CA 93333 Dear Mr. Singer I am writing to apply for your Accounts Manager position currently advertised in The
Career Center at California State University, Northridge (CSUN). Enclosed is my resume
for your review. This is a position that would fit well with my education, interests, and
experience.

Through my coursework as an Economics major at CSUN I have developed an
understanding of statistical analysis, as well as excellent research and report writing skills.
In addition, I am familiar with the use of most office equipment and office procedures. At
home, I complete all class assignments on an IBM PC compatible with Windows, and can
learn new programs quickly and efficiently. Both the United Artists Theater and my
personal computer afford me the opportunity to develop and maintain databases.

I am a highly motivated self-starter who works well with others. I would like to meet with
you at your earliest convenience to discuss my qualifications in further detail, as well as the
contributions I can make to Greater Medical Group.

Thank you for your consideration. I look forward to meeting with you soon. Sincerely, Annabelle Applicant Enclosure: Resume

D. Interviewing Skills

During an interview, you have roughly between 45 - 60 minutes to convince the interviewer that you are not only qualified for the job, but you are the BEST person for the job.

Preparing for the interview:

1. Research the company.

- Ask for information about the organization and for a job description when the interview is set up, or go to the company and pick up the information.

- Find out the type of industry as well as what products or services the company is involved with.

2. Have a clear understanding of your abilities

3. Know the position, be prepared to explain why you are seeking this position.

4. Review the vacancy announcement, your resume, application, and cover letter. Make notes of your skills that match the job requirements.

5. Rehearse your interview by role-playing with a friend or practice alone in front of a mirror.

6. Dress for Success. If you use a wheelchair make sure it is clean and in good repair. The upholstery should not be ripped. If push gloves are used be sure to remove them prior to shaking hands.

7. Be sure to know where the interview is and allow enough time to get there. If you are unfamiliar with the area, you should go to the location the day before so you will not get lost the day of your interview and arrive late. Check to see if any special accommodations or assistance will be needed.

8. Know the three primary types of interviews:

- Non-directive interview: A flexible format which is more conservational and does not rely on questions in advance.

- Group interview: A panel format in which several of the company's staff members alternately ask questions of the applicant.

Tips to remember before, during and after the interview

Arrive on time (preferably 15 minutes early). Punctuality is critical, it demonstrates reliability.
Arrive alone leave family and friends at home or outside (dog guides are appropriate).
Be polite and enthusiastic.
Give a firm handshake and smile when the interviewer approaches.
Smile, nod, give nonverbal feedback to the interviewer especially through eye contact. Positive eye contact demonstrates interest and confidence.
Organize your thoughts so you don't ramble.
Be careful not to speak in monotone (or boring) voice.
Be aware of your body language and posture. Fidgeting with your hands, clothes, hair, or cane indicates nervousness and a lack of confidence.
Bring an extra copy of the original resume you sent to the prospective employer.
Do not monopolize the conversation or you will appear self centered.
Thank the interviewer.
Write a thank-you letter to everyone you have interviewed with.

Using a Sign Language Interpreter

Introduce your interpreter right after shaking hands with the interviewer.
Ask the employer if they have ever interviewed someone who uses an interpreter. If they have not, explain that the interpreter is there to facilitate communication and not to provide input into the interview.
Explain that the best place for the interpreter to sit next to the interviewer so you can see both at the same time. Remember to ask if this set up is all right with the interviewer before sitting down.
Remind the interview that they should direct all their comments to you and not the interpreter. There is no need for them to say "Tell him/her ...." because the interpreter will automatically interpret everything that they are saying.

Questions Commonly Asked by Employers

Tell me about yourself.
What are your long-term and short-term career objectives?
Why are you interested in this particular position?
What do you consider to be your greatest strengths and weaknesses?
How has your college experience prepared you for a career?
Why should I hire you?
What qualifications do you have that make you think you will be successful?
In what ways do you think you can make a contribution to our company?
What accomplishment has given you the most satisfaction? Why?
How did you choose your major?
What college subjects did you like best? Why? Least?
Did your grades adequately reflect your full capability?
Describe your involvement in extracurricular activities.
Describe your work experience and relate it to this position.
What do you know about our company?
What two or three things are most important to you in your job?
What major problem have you encountered and how did you deal with it?
Why are you interested in joining our company?
What would you do if happened?
What are your salary expectations?

Common Mistakes Made During Interviews

Poor personal appearance
Overaggressive behaviors
Inability to express information clearly
Lack of interest and enthusiasm
Lack of planning for career; no purpose or goal
Nervous, lack of confidence and poise
Overemphasizing money
Unwilling to start at the bottom
Makes excuses
Lack of tact and courtesy
Lack of maturity
Condemns supervisors/superiors
No genuine interest in company or job
Fails to look employer in the eye
Sloppy paperwork or forms
Little sense of humor
Fails to express appreciation for employer's time
Arrives late to evaluation meeting or interview
Fails to ask questions about the position
Vague responses to questions people make when being considered for a new position.

Sample Questions to Ask Employers

Please describe the duties of the job for me.
What kinds of assignments might I expect the first six months on the job?
Are salary adjustments geared to the cost of living or job performance?
Does your company encourage further education?
How often are performance reviews given?
What products (or services) are in the development stage now?
Do you have plans for expansion?
What are your growth projections for next year?
Have you cut your staff in the last three years?
How do you feel about creativity and individuality?
Do you offer flextime?
Is your company environmentally conscious? In what ways?
In what ways is a career with your company better than one with your competitors?
Is this a new position or am I replacing someone?
What is the largest single problem facing your staff (department) now?
May I talk with the last person who held this position?
What is the usual promotional time frame?
Does your company offer either single or dual career-track programs?
What do you like best about your job/company?
Once the probation period is completed, how much authority will I have over decisions?
Has there been much turnover in this job area?
Do you fill positions from the outside or promote from within first?
What qualities are you looking for in the candidate who fills this position?
What skills are especially important for someone in this position?
What characteristics do the achievers in this company seem to share?
Is there a lot of team/project work?
Will I have the opportunity to work on special projects?
Where does this position fit into the organizational structure?
How much travel, if any, is involved in this position?
What is the next course of action? When should I expect to hear from you or should I contact you?

E. When And How To Disclose A Disability

A general rule of thumb is as follows:

If you have a visible disability, you should bring it up either prior to the interview or right at the start of the interview. State your disability as a matter of fact, do not apologize for it. For example:

"I happen to use a wheelchair. Is your building accessible?"

If you are making the call to disclose, do not leave a message regarding your disability.

If your disability is not visible, use the interview as your opportunity to sell your skills and ability to do the job. Disclose the disability in a casual yet confident manner close to the end of the interview or even at the time of the job offer.

Be sure to explain to the employer how your disability may or may not affect your ability to perform the required job duties, and what accommodations you will require to perform those essential functions.

Again, as much as possible keep the focus on your abilities to do the work and how the accommodation(s) remove barriers to doing the job, much like a special light for an artist or a table for an architect.

Know what accommodations you need, as well as where to get them and approximate costs. If you do not have the information, call:

Job Accommodation Network (800) 526-7234 Voice/TDD

The choice is yours to disclose and when, but keep in mind that if you do not disclose, you are not covered by the Americans with Disabilities Act.

Handling Illegal Questions:

By law, an interviewer can only ask questions that relate to your ability to perform the essential functions of the job, however, some interviewers are not aware of what are illegal questions and may ask inappropriate questions.

If asked an illegal question, it is best not to alienate the interviewer by getting angry, but instead try to briefly answer the questions (if you feel comfortable doing so) and quickly relate to your ability to perform the work.

If asked: "I see you are in a wheelchair. What happen to you?" A good response would be, "although I am disabled, my wheelchair does not prevent me in any way in carrying out the requirements for this position. For example . . ."

Or if asked. "How do you plan on addressing your disability to clients?" A good response would be: "I don�t feel that would be an issue as I feel my skills to do the job for them would be the main issue which I would address."

Note: If you choose to file a discrimination complaint, you need to contact the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission within six months of the information. Before filing, it is a good idea to discuss the situation with a lawyer, a school or rehabilitation counselor, or a representative from a community agency. These professionals may be able to help guide you and clarify the problem and possible solutions.

Disclosure at a Glance
General Guide to Disclosure Timing

Method of Disclosure

Use When. . .

Third-party referral

Someone else can sell you

Resume

Employer will see it as a positive**

Cover letter

It helps meet specific job responsibility**

Employer call for an interview

You have a visible disability and want to avoid shock effect and awkwardness during interview

Your call to disclose

You have a visible disability and want to avoid shock effect and awkwardness during interview - use only when someone other than person who will interview you telephones for meeting

Application

Asked a direct "Do you have a disability that will preclude you from performing the essential functions of the job?" You may answer "Will Discuss" or if you can perform the functions with accommodations, you may answer "No."**

Interview - the moment of meeting

You have a visible disability and you want surprise factor so employer doesn't have time to develop stereotyped ideas (Caution: some employers may find it hard to move beyond shock and focus on your job qualifications -- you must help them do so by openly discussing your disability with them)

Interview - preoffer

You have an invisible disability that may affect a job-related function or require accommodation

Interview - postoffer, preacceptance

You have an invisible disability that will not affect any job-related function nor require any accommodations; may choose not to disclose at all

** Disability issues are not usually discussed on these documents. For some government or disability related jobs, your disability may be an advantage.

F. Dressing Professionally

"Clothing and Demeanor are Other Forms of Communication"

For the Interview:

Don't try to make an individual statement with your dress
The strategy to use is to show that you understand and accept the interviewer's values, tastes and socioeconomic expectations about dress
Show you want to fit in... not stand out
Research the company image-- Is it conservative like banking, law, or finance industries? Or is it an innovative, creative business that tolerates more adventurous styles?
Keep good poise and posture-- don't lean or hunch over when walking or sitting if possible
Make sure your clothes are comfortable-- It doesn't instill confidence to see someone tugging at their collar or wobbling in their shoes

On the Job:

Better to dress more formally initially -- you can always modify it later
Observe what others around you are wearing
When in doubt, ask your supervisor -- some companies have certain informal days
Pick the clothes that are right for you

Other Considerations:

Quality:

Buy the best quality you can afford
When inspecting a garments' construction, look for the following:
Straight seams with even stitching
Finished seams with no raw edges
Hand tailoring on suits, especially where the collar and sleeve are attached to the jacket
Neatly finished buttonholes with no loose threads
Plaids and stripes match at seams
Even heamlines
Zippers lie flat
Collar fits closely and comfortably around the neck
Pockets and vents stay closed and don't buckle up
Waistband is comfortable... even when moving around
No straining seams
Arms move freely
Better clothing stores offer the services of professional tailors and seamstresses
Coordinate a wardrobe comprised of individual pieces that work well together
Keep in mind the cost and requirements of appropriate are (i.e. dry cleaning, hand washing, etc.) If you can't care for a garment properly... Don't buy it!!
After use, hang suits and nice dresses on appropriate hangers, brush suits-- let air overnight before putting away, and allow to rest one day before wearing again.

Resources you can use to help you with dressing for success:

Fashions for Disabled People by Nellie Thornton
Laryngectomee Fashions
E&J Avenues (Clothing/wheelchair-users)
National Old Shoe Exchange

Guidelines for Men:

Buy 100% natural fiber suits if possible, or else buy a blend
Wool or wool blend suits breath the best and retain shape well
Worsted flannel, gabardine, tropical wool, linen, or cotton

Jackets:
Shirts:
Color:
- Dark blue or dark gray suits only (No green or gold)
- It is safest to wear a white shirt, or a very small stripe or design
Tie:
- Use to balance out shirt -- If the shirt has a pattern, chose a tie that doesn't and vice versa. When in doubt, wear a solid color.
- Preferably silk
- No wider than the lapel (3"-31/2")
Socks:
- Mid calf or full length socks in black or a very small design. No bare calves!
Shoes:
- Loafers with sport jacket and trousers
- Tie shoes with a more formal suit
- Black or brown only
- Quality leather if you can
- Not only is a well fitted shoe more comfortable, it also keeps shape better & lasts longer
Guidelines for Women:
Better to buy a more expensive blouse and less expensive suit
Stay away from men's ties
Jackets:
Silhouette:
- Buy 100% natural fiber suits if possible, or else buy a blend
Color:

Start with the conservative colors -- Navy, Dark Gray, and Black
Avoid white or colorful shoes. Basic colors: Black, navy, dark brown, taupe, or burgundy
Solid color blouses are best or subtle prints
Bright colored dresses and stripes work, if they are discreetly chosen
When in doubt, go more subtle

Skirt:
Shoes:
- Low to medium heel pumps -- no sandals or high heels
- Quality leather if you can
- Buy three pairs and rotate for longer wear
Blouses:
- Buy natural fibers or blends whenever possible, primarily cotton or silk
- Long sleeves are a more professional look. Never bare arms.
Dresses:
- Keep in mind too much pastels or bold plaids is frequently too sporty for business
- Can wear with a jacket during business hours and without after hours
Hosiery:
- NEVER go bare legged for business
- Neutral color is best-- slightly darker than you skin
Does the Clothing Minimize My Disability? Some people with disabilities find they have problems with proportion, size and shape.
Clever use of color, line, and fabric can make the body appear different than it is...
- If you are short &/or heavy, vertical lines make you look taller and thinner.
- If you have scoliosis, diagonal lines that run opposite the curvature of your back will visually lift a low shoulder and balance the scoliosis.
- If you use a wheelchair, clean, uncluttered lines show best your seated figure. Off-the-rack suits can be altered to alleviate the pouchy effect in the seat area and the lapel and shoulder roll of the jacket.
- If you have cerebral palsy, an absorbent fabric helps relieve the discomfort associated with dribbling that otherwise keeps your clothing constantly damp.
- If you use braces, artificial limbs, crutches, or wheelchairs, look for fabric strength in areas that must take heavy wear.
Back to Contents

III. Presenting Yourself

A. Completing Job Applications

Tips To Filling Out The Application:

Explaining Gaps in Employment:

Common Mistakes:

B. Developing Resumes

What Should A Resume Include?

Do You Use a TDD??

Tips For People With Little Or No Work Experience

Developing a Rough Draft:

Resume Worksheet

Action Verbs

Types of Resumes:

Examples of Resumes:

Functional:

Joseph Smoe

Combination Resume

Stella Star

Accounting:

LESLIE G. JOBSEEKER

Education

Jill Applicant

Creative

MICHAEL K. FLANAHAN 9500 Tolouse Ave. #316 Northridge, California 91348 (818) 992-2345

C. Writing Cover Letters

Cover Letter (Letter of Application)

Cover Letter Do's:

Cover Letter Don'ts:

General Outline for Cover Letter

Sample Cover Letter

D. Interviewing Skills

Preparing for the interview:

Tips to remember before, during and after the interview

Using a Sign Language Interpreter

Sample Questions to Ask Employers

E. When And How To Disclose A Disability

Handling Illegal Questions:

Disclosure at a Glance General Guide to Disclosure Timing

F. Dressing Professionally

Guidelines for Men:

Guidelines for Women:

Cover Letter
(Letter of Application)

Disclosure at a Glance
General Guide to Disclosure Timing