Learning Disabilities

A. Basic Information

A Learning Disability (LD) is a hidden disability. Unlike the person who uses sign language or walks with crutches, the person with a Learning Disability shows no visible characteristics of a disability. Because it is a hidden disability, the person may have experienced being accused of "faking it" or "being lazy."

Most people with Learning Disabilities have average to above average intelligence. A Learning Disability is an information processing, storage, or retrieval problem, not an intelligence problem. Any stage of the biochemical process of learning can contain a defect while the other stages, as well as the ability to think and reason, remain unaffected.

Learning Disabilities are actually quite common. The accomplishments of notable Learning Disabled individuals such as Albert Einstein, Bruce Jenner, and Leonard da Vinci serve as examples of the tremendous potential that can be realized by individuals despite this type of disability. With the aid of technology, there is an expanding variety of jobs that can be held by individuals despite a problem with visual, auditory, or kinetic learning pathways. People with Learning Disabilities, given the opportunity, can be successful in every area of employment.

Learning disabilities are so individualized that any generalization about specific signs or symptoms are of limited value. Each person will be better able to describe how she/he functions in relation to their Learning Disability.

What are learning disabilities?

The condition includes specific deficits in one or more of the following areas:

• Oral comprehension
• Nonverbal reasoning
• Expressive language
• Coordination
• Academic skills
• Integration of information
• Sustaining attention
• Visual/Spatial perception
• Organizing
• Social judgment

Examples of Learning Disability Problems

• Difficulty with reading
• Difficulty with mathematics
• Problems working with hands
• Difficulty in receiving and processing information accurately from
  * the sense of hearing
  * the sense of sight
  
• Deficits in social skills
• Problems with directionality

It is important to remember that, like all people, individuals with Learning Disabilities are each different and may exhibit one or a combination of disorders. People with Learning Disabilities are found throughout the work force in jobs ranging from entry level positions to chief executive officers.

B. Adjustments for People with Learning Disabilities

Each person with Learning Disabilities is unique. Many are capable of performing a specific job well without requiring any additional assistance or modifications. Many have learned to compensate well for their disabilities and seek employment utilizing their areas of strength. Others will need accommodations. It is important that potential employees with Learning Disabilities know all the required components of a job, allowing them to develop strategies and accommodations that can enhance their job performance.

Problems and Accommodations

Reading problems:

• Use verbal instructions.
• Have co-workers explain important office communications.
• Allow the use of telephone calls instead of writing letters.
• Allow extra time for reading.

Writing problems:

• Allow dictation
• Assign someone to proofread written materials.
• Provide for the use of a computer with spelling and grammar checkers if needed.

Listening problems:

• Provide quiet surroundings.
• Furnish written instructions and demonstrate tasks.
• Speak clearly in short, simple sentences.
• Encourage note taking.

Social skills:

• Be direct. Say what you mean.
• Avoid sarcasm.
• Don't expect hints to convey a message.
• Help the person learn the "hidden rules" and the politics of the workplace.

C. Training

Some people with Learning Disabilities have difficulty in learning new tasks. They may require additional training time. Some may need to use all of their senses to learn tasks. The trainer should demonstrate, provide verbal and written instructions, and allow adequate time for supervised practice. As with others, watch that tasks are done properly, allow time for questions and assure the person that they can ask further questions if they have a problem. Once the job is learned, the employee will be effective.