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Click on the letter of the topic you are interested in, or use the "find on page option" from your browser to locate specfic terms.

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Laboratories at CSUN:

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Map to Labs: Map to CSUN College of Education.

Memory: Read about the binary system and computer memory.

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) and File Extensions: When sending files over the Internet a file name extension must be be attached to a file. The extension identifies the file as either text or binary. The receiving end uses the file name extension to determine what kind of file it is and what program is expected to open or use the data. When a browser asks for a file to be retrieved, it sends the server a list of the file types it can handle. The server then examines the list and the requested file name extension and matches the correct transmission method to the file. In the same way, when an e-mail attachment contains a file, the sender's mail client will attach a MIME type to the file. Where browsers and FTP clients use file extensions to determine the file type, e-mail clients use the MIME type to determine the action at the receiving end. See also (1) video files, (2) audio files, (3) extensions

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OCR: Optical Character Recognition Software. In our labs we use OmniPage.

Ofoto: OFoto is scanner software that captures drawings or photographs as files. You may save the file and insert it into a Word document using the Insert/Picture/From File command. You may also copy it from the screen and paste into a document using a screen capture utility.

OmniPage: OmniPage is OCR (optical character recognition) software that turns printed text from a page into ASCII Text. Use the AutoScan feature to acquire text. Select this text and copy to your word processor. Do not save as a OmniPage document, because you will not be able to use it again unless you have

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Pathnames: A pathname describes the path necessary to access a particular file. For example, the pathname Ed2Mac/coursework/514/assignment.doc would indicate that the file "assignment.doc" resided in the 514 folder, within the coursework folder, on the Ed2Mac computer.Permissions: Material in a website is visible only if the permissions have been set to allow others to read the files.

Plagiarism: Plagiarism is the act of taking credit for someone else's written work. Please refer to the University's policy on plagiarism. The Internet has made plagiarism a more common problem since students can simply copy and paste work and claim it as their own. Fortunately, it is possible to catch much plagiarism simply through using a search engine that allow you to search by submitting strings of words. If you suspect plagiarism, find an unusual string of words, copy this string and place it in quotes in your search engine and search. No search engine is complete in its search, so it may be necessary to search using a couple of search engines. I suggest the advanced search feature in Altavista which may allow you to simultaneously search for two independent strings of words.

PICT (.pic): A QuickDraw Picture file routine used by many drawing and painting programs. Screen captures are saved as PICT files. Portable Data Format,

PDF: You may wish to post formatted data (e.g. data tables, etc.) on the web. Such documents can be saved as PDF (Page Description Format) files using Adobe Acrobat, and then viewed after downloading using Adobe Acrobat Reader. The documents contain all of the original formatting features.

Public Domain Text: There is a tremendous amount of classic public domain text on the Internet. This information can be incorporated into this assignment if you wish. The following is a list of sites that include such material. Note: Most of this is public domain, but some may be copyrighted. There are ways of copying public domain text to your word processor while keeping the formatting

Publishing and Subscribing: "Publishing and subscribing" allows users to develop dynamic, integrated documents built on the contributions of one or more users. When a published portion is updated and saved, the subscribing file is automatically updated to reflect this change. For example, a teacher in a networked laboratory can make a develop a document that subscribes to published portions from numerous students on the network. As the students update their work, the composite teacher document reflects these changes.

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Readability: You may analyze the grade level appropriateness of text by using Word's readability tool. On the Tools menu, click preferences, and then click the Spelling & Grammar tab. Select the "Check grammar with spelling" check box. Select the "Show readability statistics" check box, and then click OK. Click Tools/Spelling and Grammar.

Flesch-Kincaid Formula for Readability
This is a US Government Department of Defense standard test [16].
(i) Calculate L, the average sentence length (number of words ÷ number of sentences). Estimate the number of sentences to the nearest
tenth, where necessary.
(ii) Calculate N, the average number of syllables per word (number of syllables ÷ number of words).
Then grade level = ( L ? 0.39 ) + ( N ? 11.8 ) - 15.59
So Reading Age = ( L ? 0.39 ) + ( N ? 11.8 ) - 10.59 years.

Replace: See text from the web.

Resolution:Understanding resolution and DPI

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Sattelite Reception: Laboratories in the College of Education can receive video feed from the University Video Center. Click here for instructions on how to access these resources from 2101..

Save Files: In our CSUN College of Education laboratories, students are allowed to save to removable media (zip disk, superdisk, or floppy disk), to the public shared file server, or to a folder on their own hard drive, generally called "Netscape Download"or "Student Files". In the interest of speed we recommend that you save to the folder on your local hard drive first, and then copy to removable media or the shared server as necessary. Some files you will work with are very large and will fill up 1.4 M floppy diskettes very quickly, so we recommend 100 MB zip disks in those labs where they are available. Remember to always backup your work. You are strongly encouraged to back up all work on an internet hard drive.

Most efficient procedure for CSUN labs: (1) Empty your computers local user folder (generally referred to as Netscape Download) on your desktop.(2) Copy files you wish to work on from your Zip disk, superdisk or floppy to the user folder.(3) Open your files in the user folder, work on them, and save regularly.

(4) When you are ready to leave, copy them back onto your Zip disk, superdisk or floppy disk. Make certain to make two copies.

Scanner: There are scanners for student use in 2121A and 2121B education building. These scanners are not networked, so you must be at the computer to which the scanner is attached. The scanner must be turned on before the computer is turned on to be recognized by the computer. For optical character recognition (OCR) use the OmniPage found under the application menu. For scanning pictures, use OFoto found under the application menu.

Screen Capture Utility: Screen capture software allows you to capture and then save, print or copy pictures from the screen. In general, it will be best to save screen-captures as .jpg files. See more details.

Searching the Web: When trying to get specific information, it is best to use a search engine such as AltaVista with advanced search features such as Boolean Querys. In addition, to Boolean logic, AltaVista offers the following advanced search options which are sometimes not included on their own help page. (see searching and wildcards for more information) (See also Boolean Search and wildcards)

Security

1. SecureMac.comSymantec
2. Microsoft Security

Server: See file server.

Sharing Files in the laboratory: Instructors and students often have a need to share files while working in the laboratory. To accommodate this need, we have established a file server on which students have read/write privileges. When you save files on Ed2Temp and Ed1Temp, any other individual using the LAN can access the files. To access these servers from a Macintosh computer, use the Apple/Server menu, or the Chooser. Please understand that these servers are public temporary storage facilities. Do not leave valuable information on these servers.

Shutting Down PCs (Windows)

1. Go to Start Menu, and select Shutdown.If the computer is frozen, press Control-Alt-Delete and select Task List and end the task that causes the computer to freeze. If this fails, hold the power button for more than 5 seconds and the computer will undergo a hard shut down.
2. Don’t close the lid or store the computer when the LED in the front is on. Even though the screen is not active, the computer is on in stand-by mode and consuming power. Wake the computer up by pressing the power button, and then proceed with standard shutdown procedure (Go to Start Menu, and select Shutdown).

Shutting Down Macs

1. Go to Finder Menu and select Special/Shutdown
2. Alternatively, you may depress the restart key (triangle) and then select shutdown

Software (CSUN/Microsoft Deal for Students)

The Matador Bookstore is now selling the following software to CSUN students at the Service Desk for a set rental fee and refundable deposit. Rental fees range from $20 - $40, refundable deposits, $25 - $50. In order to be eligible to purchase the software, students must show proof of enrollment in a degree-granting program at CSUN and a photo ID. Complete details concerning payment and refunds are available from the Matador Bookstore (extension 2932).

• Office Pro 2000Office 98 (Mac)Windows 98 upgradeWindows NT 4.0 upgrade,FrontPage 2000FrontPage 1.0 (Mac)Visual BASICVisual C++Visual J++
• Visual Studio (complete package)

• CSUN Wareforce AgreementCSU Microsoft Agreement
• Also check out software for review at CSUN.

Sound files Speech Synthesis: Speech synthesis is available in Word and other programs. For Word, use Tools/Speak Selection. From the Macintosh, you may also use SimpleText found in the Application menu.Superdiscs: Some of our computers are equipped with superdisk drives that can handle 100+ MB superdisks as well as traditional 1.4 MB floppy diskettes. Others are equipped with zip disks.

Subscribing: See publish and subscribe.

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Text from Web: There is much public domain material on the web that can be copied and incorporated into documents. Using copy and paste, however, may result in messy text because formatting characters (particularly paragraph marks and spaces) are inserted. (Method A) Copy and paste material from the web into your document. Before replacing text, click on the paragraph symbol in the standard menu bar to reveal hidden codes such as paragraph symbols, tabs and spaces. Determine the codes that need to be removed and then use the replace function (Edit/Replace). Enter them in the "Find what" category, and enter the code to replace it with (often nothing) in the "replace with box". (Method B) Alternatively, you may get material from the web to your document by first saving the web page to disk as source (the default is generally "text" and must be changed to "source". Open up your word processor program, and then use the file open command to open this document. If the document does not show, you may have to change the list of file types to "All files". Your word processor will convert the html text into word processing text. You may then select the appropriate text and use the copy and paste to move the text into a new file. There are many sources of public domain text on the web that you may import and cite. Thesaurus: Word has a built in thesaurus (Tools/Language/Thesaurus). You may also select to use resources on the Internet such as

• Merriam Webster's Dictionary & Thesaurus: WWWebster
• Roget's Thesaurus: Provided by the University of Chicago

Tutorial: If you are not familiar with basic operations on a Macintosh computer, I suggest that you Finder/Help/MacTutorials. (Note that the pathway is slightly different in different versions of the operating system, but the contents is the same. If you are using Windows, you may access help using the Start Menu and then selecting Help. Look for the tutorial software if you are new to Windows.TIFF (.tif): Tagged Image File Format, a format for storing computerized image files.

Tutorials: Tutorials that introduce the software used in class.

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UDrive: The uDrive is an extra storage area that provides additional disk space for campus users who wish to store their desktop files and folders on a remote server.

USB drive: Also known as a keychain drive, flash drive, jump drive, or disk-on-key. A plug-and-play portable storage device that uses flash memory.We suggest that you use comparison shopping to find one for use in class.

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Video Files:

mov, qt - QuickTime Movie The common format for QuickTime movies, the Macintosh native movie platform. File Type: Binary
You can use a number of applications to play .mov files including Sparkle or MoviePlayer on the Mac, and QuickTime for Windows.
movie - SGI movieavi - Intel Video: The standard video format for Windows. File Type: Binary. These files need an AVI Video for Windows player (aviprox.exe). mpg, mpeg - MPEG .mpg/mpeg. A standard format for "movies" on the Internet, using the MPEG compression scheme. File Type: Binary.
On the Mac, use Sparkle to play ,mpg files or to convert them to QuickTime movies. There are a variety of MPEG Players for Windows and
an MPEG FTP Site that has a large collection of MPEG player resources for all platforms (Mac, Windows, and UNIX).

mp2 - MPEG Layer 2
mp3 - MPEG Layer 3

For a more complete list of software you can get to decompress, view, or play any of the file formats covered here, visit Download.com.

Video Playback: Click here for instructions on using University Video Playback system.Virtual PC

: Virtual PC is a program that runs under Macintosh OS to provide a DOS interface. When you open Virtual PC in our laboratories, you will open Microsoft Windows and be able to run Windows and DOS software.

Viruses: "A virus is parasitic program written intentionally to enter a computer without the users permission or knowledge. The word parasitic is used because a virus attaches to files or boot sectors and replicates itself thus continuing to spread. Though some virus's do little but replicate others can cause serious damage or effect program and system performance. A virus should never be assumed harmless and left on a system....A virus is inactive until the infected program is run or boot record is read. As the virus is activated it loads into the computers memory where it can perform a triggered event or spread itself. Disks used in an infected system can then carry the virus to another machine. Programs downloaded from bulletin boards can also spread a virus." (information from Symantec Home Page)Data files can transmit viruses if they contain macro codes. Such code is frequently found in programs like Excel and Word. For more information on how viruses work, click here.

To prevent viruses: CSUN students can download free Anti-virus software.

• Don't install anything you haven't gotten from a trusted source. If you download software from the Internet, be sure to get it from a reputable manufacturer or site.Install anti-virus software. I suggest McAfee for the PC and Norton Antivirus from Symantec for the Mac. Keep your virus protection software up-to-date. New viruses are always cropping up, so a new version of the software to combat it comes out
  every few months! To prevent the worst-case scenario of being unable to recover information destroyed by a virus, make a habit of backing up all files that are important to you.
• Be particularly carefu with email attachments. All downloaded files should be scanned before opening. Most virus protection software have options to scan all downloaded files. Make certain that this option is selected.

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Web Archive: A web archive is a single file that includes the web pages you have saved and all links. A web archive allows you to use files offline. This can be particularly valuable in an educational setting in where you do not have reliable internet access. When you open the web archive, you see the web page as it appears on the Web — even when you’re not connected to the Internet. You can easily move the Web archive to another computer or link to it from other files.

Web Graphics: Web graphics are in either JPG or GIF format. Most modern word processors can import graphics in these formats. To select a graphic, simply hold the mouse button down and choose whether you want it to be saved, printed, or copied to the clipboard. If you copy it to a clipboard, you may then paste it into another file (word processor, etc.) Make certain to cite sources.

WebSite Hosting (free). A number of companies offer free web-hosting: Homestead, Xoom, Geocities, Quikpage, Webjump, Angelfire, TheGlobe, Tripod. A number of companites offer free internet access and web space.Web Text: Please see text from the web.

Wildcards: When searching the web it is often useful to use wildcards to expand your search. Many search engines allow you to use * in a keyword to find multiple options. For example, by typing an * at the end of a keyword, you can search for the word with multiple endings. For example, typing wish*, will find wish, wishes, wishful, wishbone, and wishy-washy. Many programs designate a * for any number of characters, and a ? for single characters.

 

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Zip Disk: Many of our computers are equipped with 100 MB Zip disks. In other labs we have Superdiscs.

Zip: To archive or compress a folder or file.

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