A CONSTITUTION FOR
THE FEDERATION OF EARTH
As Amended At The Fourth World Constituent Assembly In Troia, Portugal 1991. Now being circulated worldwide for ratification by the nations and people of earth.
Preamble
Realizing that Humanity today has come to a turning point in history and that we are on the threshold of an new world order which promises to usher in an era of peace, prosperity, justice and harmony;
Aware of the interdependence of people, nations and all life; Aware that man's abuse of science and technology has brought Humanity to the brink of disaster through the production of horrendous weaponry of mass destruction and to the brink of ecological and social catastrophe;
Aware that the traditional concept of security through military defense is a total illusion both for the present and for the future;
Aware of the misery and conflicts caused by ever increasing disparity between rich and poor;
Conscious of our obligation to posterity to save Humanity from imminent and total annihilation;
Conscious that Humanity is One despite the existence of diverse nations, races, creeds, ideologies and cultures and that the principle of unity in diversity is the basis for a new age when war shall be outlawed and peace prevail; when the earth's total resources shall be equitably used for human welfare; and when basic human rights and responsibilities shall be shared by all without discrimination;
Conscious of the inescapable reality that the greatest hope for the survival of life on earth is the establishment of a democratic world government;
We, citizens of the world, hereby resolve to establish a world federation to be governed in accordance with this constitution for the Federation of Earth.
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Contents
Preamble
* Article 1 - Broad Functions of the World Government
* Article 2 - Basic Structure of World Federation and World Government
* Article 3 - Organs of the World Government
* Article 4 - Grant of Specific Powers to the World Government
* Article 5 - The World Parliament
o Sec. A - Functions and Powers of the World Parliament
o Sec. B - Composition of the World Parliament
o Sec. C - The House of Peoples
o Sec. D - The House of Nations
o Sec. E - The House of Counsellors
o Sec. F - Procedures of the World Parliament
* Article 6 - The World Executive
o Sec. A - Functions and Powers of the World Executive
o Sec. B - Composition of the World Executive
o Sec. C - The Presidium
o Sec. D - The Executive Cabinet
o Sec. E - Procedures of the World Executive
o Sec. F - Limitations on the World Executive
* Article 7 - The World Administration
o Sec. A - Functions of the World Administration
o Sec. B - Structure and Procedures of the World Administration
+ Sec. B-5 and 6: Secretary General of the Administration
o Sec. C - Departments of the World Adminstration
* Article 8 - The Integrative Complex
o Sec. A - Definition
o Sec. B - The World Civil Service Administration
o Sec. C - The World Boundaries and Elections Administration
o Sec. D - Institute on Governmental Procedures and World Problems
o Sec. E - The Agency for Research and Planning
o Sec. F - The Agency for Technological and Environmental Assessment
o Sec. G - The World Financial Administration
o Sec. H - Commission for Legislative Review
* Article 9 - The World Judiciary
o Sec. A - Jurisdiction of the World Supreme Court
o Sec. B - Benches of the World Supreme Court
o Sec. C - Seats of the World Supreme Court
o Sec. D - The Collegium of World Judges
o Sec. E - The Superior Tribunal of the World Supreme Court
* Article 10 - The Enforcement System
o Sec. A - Basic Principles
o Sec. B - The Structure for Enforcement
o Sec. C - The World Police
o Sec. D - The Means of Enforcement
* Article 11 - The World Ombudsmus
o Sec. A - Functions and Powers of the World Ombudsmus
o Sec. B - Composition of the World Ombudsmus
* Article 12 - Bill of Rights for the Citizens of Earth
* Article 13 - Directive Principles for the World Government
* Article 14 - Safeguards and Reservations
* Article 15 - World Federal Zones and the World Capitals
* Article 16 - World Territories and Exterior Relations
* Article 17 - Ratification and Implementation
o Sec. A - Ratification of the World Constitution
o Sec. B - Stages of Implementation
o Sec. C - First Operative Stage of World Government
o Sec. D - Second Operative Stage of World Government
o Sec. E - Full Operative Stage of World Government
o Sec. F - Costs of Ratification
* Article 18 - Amendments
* Article 19 - Provisional World Government
o Sec. A - Actions to be Taken by the World Constituent Assembly
o Sec. B - Work of the Preparatory Commissions
o Sec. C - Composition of the Provisional World Parliament
o Sec. D - Formation of the Provisional World Executive
o Sec. E - First Actions of the Provisional World Government
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A CONSTITUTION FOR THE FEDERATION OF EARTH
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Article 1 - Broad Functions of the World Government
The broad functions of the Federation of Earth shall be:
1. To prevent war, secure disarmament, and resolve territorial and other
disputes which endanger peace and human rights.
2. To protect universal human rights, including life, liberty, security,
democracy, and equal opportunities in life.
3. To obtain for all people on earth the conditions required for equitable
economic and social development and for diminishing social differences.
4. To regulate world trade, communications, transportation, currency,
standards, use of world resources, and other global and international
processes.
5. To protect the environment and the ecological fabric of life from all
sources of damage, and to control technological innovations whose
effects transcend national boundaries, for the purpose of keeping Earth
a safe, healthy and happy home for humanity .
6. To devise and implement solutions to all problems which are beyond the
capacity of national governments, or which are now or may become of
global or international concern or consequence.
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Article 2 - Basic Structure of World Federation and World Government
1. The Federation of Earth shall be organized as a universal federation,
to include all nations and all people, and to encompass all oceans,
seas and lands of Earth, inclusive of non-self governing territories,
together with the surrounding atmosphere.
2. The World Government for the Federation of Earth shall be non-military
and shall be democratic in its own structure, with ultimate sovereignty
residing in all the people who live on Earth.
3. The authority and powers granted to the World Government shall be
limited to those defined in this Constitution for the Federation of
Earth, applicable to problems and affairs which transcend national
boundaries, leaving to national governments jurisd iction over the
internal affairs of the respective nations but consistent with the
authority of the World Government to protect universal human rights as
defined in this World Constitution.
4. The basic direct electoral and administrative units of the World
Government shall be World Electoral and Administrative Districts. A
total of not more than 1000 World Electoral and Administrative
Districts shall be defined, and shall be nearly equal i n population,
within the limits of plus or minus ten percent.
5. Contiguous World Electoral and Administrative Districts shall be
combined as may be appropriate to compose a total of twenty World
Electoral and Administrative Regions for the following purposes, but
not limited thereto: for the election or appointmen t of certain world
government officials; for administrative purposes; for composing
various organs of the world government as enumerated in Article IV; for
the functioning of the Judiciary, the Enforcement System, and the
Ombudsmus, as well as for the fun ctioning of any other organ or agency
of the World Government.
6. The World Electoral and Administrative Regions may be composed of a
variable number of World Electoral and Administrative Districts, taking
into consideration geographic, cultural, ecological and other factors
as well as population.
7. Contiguous World Electoral and Administrative Regions shall be grouped
together in pairs to compose Magna-Regions.
8. The boundaries for World Electoral and Administrative Regions shall not
cross the boundaries of the World Electoral and Administrative
Districts, and shall be common insofar as feasible for the various
administrative departments and for the several or gans and agencies of
the World Government. Boundaries for the World Electoral and
Administrative Districts as well as for the Regions need not conform to
existing national boundaries, but shall conform as far as practicable.
9. The World Electoral and Administrative Regions shall be grouped to
compose at least five Continental Divisions of the Earth, for the
election or appointment of certain world government officials, and for
certain aspects of the composition and function ing of the several
organs and agencies of the World Government as specified hereinafter.
The boundaries of Continental Divisions shall not cross existing
national boundaries as far as practicable. Continental Divisions may be
composed of a variable numbe r of World Electoral and Administrative
Regions.
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Article 3 - Organs of the World Government
The organs of the World Government shall be:
1. The World Parliament.
2. The World Executive.
3. The World Administration.
4. The Integrative Complex.
5. The World Judiciary.
6. The Enforcement System.
7. The World Ombudsmus.
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Article 4 - Grant of Specific Powers to the World Government
The powers of the World government to be exercised through its several
organs and agencies shall comprise the following:
1. Prevent wars and armed conflicts among the nations, regions, districts,
parts and peoples of Earth.
2. Supervise disarmament and prevent re-armament; prohibit and eliminate
the design, testing, manufacture, sale, purchase, use and possession of
weapons of mass destruction, and prohibit or regulate all lethal
weapons which the World Parliament may decid e.
3. Prohibit incitement to war, and discrimination against or defamation of
conscientious objectors.
4. Provide the means for peaceful and just solutions of disputes and
conflicts among or between nations, peoples, and/or other components
within the Federation of Earth.
5. Supervise boundary settlements and conduct plebiscites as needed.
6. Define the boundaries for the districts, regions and divisions which
are established for electoral, administrative, judicial and other
purposes of the World Government.
7. Define and regulate procedures for the nomination and election of the
members of each House of the World Parliament, and for the nomination,
election, appointment and employment of all World Government officials
and personnel.
8. Codify world laws, including the body of international law developed
prior to adoption of the world constitution, but not inconsistent
therewith, and which is approved by the World Parliament.
9. Establish universal standars for weights, measurements, accounting and
records.
10. Provide assistance in the event of large scale calamities, including
drouth, famine, pestilence, flood, earthquake, hurricane, ecological
disruptions and other disasters.
11. Guarantee and enforce the civil liberties and the basic human rights
which are defined in the Bill of Rights for the Citizens of Earth which
is made a part of this World Constitution under Article 12.
12. Define standards and promote the worldwide improvement in working
conditions, nutrition, health, housing, human settlements,
environmental conditions, education, economic security, and other
conditions defined under Article 13 of this World Constituti on.
13. Regulate and supervise international transportation, communications,
postal services, and migrations of people.
14. Regulate and supervise supra-national trade, industry, corporations,
businesses, cartels, professional services, labor supply, finances,
investments and insurance.
15. Secure and supervise the elimination of tariffs and other trade
barriers among nations, but with provisions to prevent or minimize
hardship for those previously protected by tariffs.
16. Raise the revenues and funds, by direct and/or indirect means, which
are necessary for the purposes and activities of the World Government.
17. Establish and operate world financial, banking, credit and insurance
institutions designed to serve human needs; establish, issue and
regulate world currency, credit and exchange.
18. Plan for and regulate the development, use, conservation and re-cycling
of the natural resources of Earth as the common heritage of Humanity;
protect the environment in every way for the benefit of both present
and future generations.
19. Create and operate a World Economic Development Organization to serve
equitably the needs of all nations and people included within the World
Federation.
20. Develop and implement solutions to transnational problems of food
supply, agricultural production, soil fertility, soil conservation,
pest control, diet, nutrition, drugs and poisons, and the disposal of
toxic wastes.
21. Develop and implement means to control population growth in relation to
the life-support capacities of Earth, and solve problems of population
distribution.
22. Develop, protect, regulate and conserve the water supplies of Earth;
develop, operate and/or coordinate transnational irrigation and other
water supply and control projects; assure equitable allocation of
trans- national water supplies, and protect ag ainst adverse
trans-national effects of water or moisture diversion or weather
control projects within national boundaries.
23. Own, administer and supervise the development and conservation of the
oceans and sea-beds of Earth and all resources thereof, and protect
from damage.
24. Protect from damage, and control and supervise the uses of the
atmosphere of Earth.
25. Conduct inter-planetary and cosmic explorations and research; have
exclusive jurisdiction over the Moon and over all satellites launched
from Earth.
26. Establish, operate and/or coordinate global air lines, ocean transport
systems, international railways and highways, global communication
systems, and means for interplanetary travel and communications;
control and administer vital waterways.
27. Develop, operate and/or coordinate transnational power systems, or
networks of small units, integrating into the systems or networks power
derived from the sun, wind, water, tides, heat differentials, magnetic
forces, and any other source of safe, eco logically sound and
continuing energy supply.
28. Control the mining, production, transportation and use of fossil
sources of energy to the extent necessary to reduce and prevent damages
to the environment and the ecology, as well as to prevent conflicts and
conserve supplies for sustained use by suc ceeding generations.
29. Exercise exclusive jurisdiction and control over nuclear energy
research and testing and nuclear power production, including the right
to prohibit any form of testing or production considered hazardous.
30. Place under world controls essential natural resources which may be
limited or unevenly distributed about the Earth. Find and implement
ways to reduce wastes and find ways to minimize disparities when
development or production is insufficient to suppl y everybody with all
that may be needed.
31. Provide for the examination and assessment of technological innovations
which are or may be of supranational consequence, to determine possible
hazards or perils to humanity or the environment; institute such
controls and regulations of technology as may be found necessary to
prevent or correct widespread hazards or perils to human health and
welfare.
32. Carry out intensive programs to develop safe alternatives to any
technology or technological processes which may be hazardous to the
environment, the ecological system, or human health and welfare.
33. Resolve supra-national problems caused by gross disparities in
technological development or capability, capital formation,
availability of natural resources, educational opportunity, economic
opportunity, and wage and price differentials. Assist the processes of
technology transfer under conditions which safeguard human welfare and
the environment and contribute to minimizing disparities.
34. Intervene under procedures to be defined by the World Parliament in
cases of either intra-state violence and intra-state problems which
seriously affect world peace or universal human rights.
35. Develop a world university system. Obtain the correction of prejudicial
communicative materials which cause misunderstandings or conflicts due
to differences of race, religion, sex, national origin or affiliation.
36. Organize, coordinate and/or administer a voluntary, non-military World
Service Corps, to carry out a wide variety of projects designed to
serve human welfare.
37. Designate as may be found desirable an official world language or
official world languages.
38. Establish and operate a system of world parks, wild life preserves,
natural places, and wilderness areas.
39. Define and establish procedures for initiative and referendum by the
Citizens of Earth on matters of supra-national legislation not
prohibited by this World Constitution.
40. Establish such departments, bureaus, commissions, institutes,
corporations, administrations, or agencies as may by needed to carry
out any and all of the functions and powers of the World Government.
41. Serve the needs of humanity in any and all ways which are now, or may
prove in the future to be, beyond the capacity of national and local
governments.
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Article 5 - The World Parliament
Sec. A - Functions and Powers of the World Parliament
The functions and powers of the World Parliament shall comprise the
following:
1. To prepare and enact detailed legislation in all areas of authority and
jurisdiction granted to the World Government under Article IV of this
World Constitution.
2. To amend or repeal world laws as may be found necessary or desirable.
3. To approve, amend or reject the international laws developed prior to
the advent of World Government, and to codify and integrate the system
of world law and world legislation under the World Government.
4. To establish such regulations and directions as may be needed,
consistent with this world constitution, for the proper functioning of
all organs, branches, departments, bureaus, commissions, institutes,
agencies or parts of the World Government.
5. To review, amend and give final approval to each budget for the World
Government, as submitted by the World Executive; to devise the specific
means for directly raising funds needed to fulfill the budget,
including taxes, licenses, fees, globally acco unted social and public
costs which must be added into the prices for goods and services, loans
and credit advances, and any other appropriate means; and to
appropriate and allocate funds for all operations and functions of the
World Government in accorda nce with approved budgets, but subject to
the right of the Parliament to revise any appropriation not yet spent
or contractually committed.
6. To create, alter, abolish or consolidate the departments, bureaus,
commissions, institutes, agencies or other parts of the World
Government as may be needed for the best functioning of the several
organs of the World Government, subject to the specifi c provisions of
this World Constitution.
7. To approve the appointments of the heads of all major departments,
commissions, offices, agencies and other parts of the several organs of
the World Government, except those chosen by electoral or civil service
procedures.
8. To remove from office for cause any member of the World Executive, and
any elective or appointive head of any organ, department, office,
agency or other part of the World Government, subject to the specific
provisions in this World Constitution concer ning specific offices.
9. To define and revise the boundaries of the World Electoral and
Administrative Districts, the World Electoral and Administrative
Regions and Magna Regions, and the Continental Divisions.
10. To schedule the implementation of those provisions of the World
Constitution which require implementation by stages during the several
stages of Provisional World Government, First Operative Stage of World
Government, Second Operative Stage of World G overnment, and Full
Operative Stage of World Government, as defined in Articles XVII and
XIX of this World Constitution.
11. To plan and schedule the implementation of those provisions of the
World Constitution which may require a period of years to be
accomplished.
Sec. B - Composition of the World Parliament
1. The World Parliament shall be composed of three houses, designated as
follows:
o The House of Peoples, to represent the people of Earth directly
and equally;
o The House of Nations, to represent the nations which are joined
together in the Federation of Earth; and a
o House of Counsellors with particular functions to represent the
highest good and best interests of humanity as a whole.
2. All members of the World Parliament, regardless of House, shall be
designated as Members of the World Parliament.
Sec. C - The House of Peoples
1. The House of Peoples shall be composed of the peoples delegates
directly elected in proportion to population from the World Electoral
and Administrative Districts, as defined in Article 2-4.
2. Peoples delegates shall be elected by universal adult suffrage, open to
all persons of age 18 and above.
3. One peoples delegate shall be elected from each World Electoral and
Administrative District to serve a five year term in the House of
Peoples. Peoples delegates may be elected to serve successive terms
without limit. Each peoples delegate shall have o ne vote.
4. A candidate for election to serve as a peoples delegate must be at
least 21 years of age, a resident for at least one year of the
electoral district from which the candidate is seeking election, and
shall take a pledge of service to humanity.
Sec. D - The House of Nations
1. The House of Nations shall be composed of national delegates elected or
appointed by procedures to be determined by each national government on
the following basis:
1. One national delegate from each nation of at least 100,000
population, but less than 10,000,000 population.
2. Two national delegates from each nation of at least 10,000,000
population, but less than 100,000,000 population.
3. Three national delegates from each nation of 100,000,000
population or more.
2. Nations of less than 100,000 population may join in groups with other
nations for purposes of representation in the House of Nations.
3. National delegates shall be elected or appointed to serve for terms of
five years, and may be elected or appointed to serve successive terms
without limit. Each national delegate shall have one vote.
4. Any person to serve as a national delegate shall be a citizen for at
least two years of the nation to be represented, must be at least 21
years of age, and shall take a pledge of service to humanity.
Sec. E - The House of Counsellors
1. The House of Counsellors shall be composed of 200 counsellors chosen in
equal numbers from nominations submitted from the twenty World
Electoral and Administrative Regions, as defined in Article II-5 and
II-6, ten from each Region.
2. Nominations for members of the House of Counsellors shall be made by
the teachers and students of universities and colleges and of
scientific academies and institutes within each world electoral and
administrative region. Nominees may be persons who a re off campus in
any walk of life as well as on campus.
3. Nominees to the House of Counsellors from each World Electoral and
Administrative Region shall, by vote taken among themselves, reduce the
number of nominees to no less than two times and no more than three
times the number to be elected.
4. Nominees to serve as members of the House of Counsellors must be at
least 25 years of age, and shall take a pledge of service to humanity.
There shall be no residence requirement, and a nominee need not be a
resident of the region from which nominated or elected.
5. The members of the House of Counsellors from each region shall be
elected by the members of the other two houses of the World Parliament
from the particular region.
6. Counsellors shall be elected to serve terms of ten years. One-half of
the members of the House of Counsellors shall be elected every five
years. Counsellors may serve successive terms without limit. Each
Counsellor shall have one vote.
Sec. F - Procedures of the World Parliament
1. Each house of the World Parliament during its first session after
general elections shall elect a panel of five chairpersons from among
its own members, one from each of five Continental Divisions. The
chairpersons shall rotate annually so that each w ill serve for one
year as chief presiding officer, while the other four serve as
vice-chairpersons.
2. The panels of Chairpersons from each House shall meet together, as
needed, for the purpose of coordinating the work of the Houses of the
World Parliament, both severally and jointly.
3. Any legislative measure or action may be initiated in either House of
Peoples or House of Nations or both concurrently, and shall become
effective when passed by a simple majority vote of both the House of
Peoples and of the House of Nations, except i n those cases where an
absolute majority vote or other voting majority is specified in this
World Constitution.
4. In case of deadlock on a measure initiated in either the House of
Peoples or House of Nations, the measure shall then automatically go to
the House of Counsellors for decision by simple majority vote of the
House of Counsellors, except in the cases wh ere other majority vote is
required in this World Constitution. Any measure may be referred for
decision to the House of Counsellors by a concurrent vote of the other
two houses.
5. The House of Counsellors may initiate any legislative measure, which
shall then be submitted to the other two houses and must be passed by
simple majority vote of both the House of Peoples and House of Nations
to become effective, unless other voting majority is required by some
provision of this World Constitution.
6. The House of Counsellors may introduce an opinion or resolution on any
measure pending before either of the other two houses; either of the
other houses may request the opinion of the House of Counsellors before
acting upon a measure.
7. Each house of the World Parliament shall adopt its own detailed rules
of procedure, which shall by consistent with the procedures set forth
in this World Constitution, and which shall be designed to facilitate
coordinated functioning of the three hous es.
8. Approval of appointments by the World Parliament or any house thereof
shall require simple majority votes, while removals for cause shall
require absolute majority votes.
9. After the full operative stage of World Government is declared, general
elections for members of the World Parliament to the House of Peoples
shall be held every five years. The first general elections shall be
held within the first two years followin g the declaration of the full
operative stage of World Government.
10. Until the full operative stage of World Government is declared,
elections for members of the World Parliament to the House of Peoples
may be conducted whenever feasible in relation to the campaign for
ratification of this World Constitution.
11. Regular sessions of the House of Peoples and House of Nations of the
World Parliament shall convene on the second Monday of January of each
and every Year.
12. Each nation, according to its own procedures, shall appoint or elect
members of the World Parliament to the House of Nations at least thirty
days prior to the date for convening the World Parliament in January.
13. The House of Peoples together with the House of Nations shall elect the
members of the World Parliament to the House of Counsellors during the
month of January after the general elections. For its first session
after general elections, the House of Co unsellors shall convene on the
second Monday of March, and thereafter concurrently with the other two
houses.
14. Bi-elections to fill vacancies shall be held within three months from
occurrence of the vacancy or vacancies.
15. The World Parliament shall remain in session for a minimum of nine
months of each year. One or two breaks may be taken during each year,
at times and for durations to be decided by simple majority vote of the
House of Peoples and House of Nations sitt ing jointly.
16. Annual salaries for members of the World Parliament of all three houses
shall be the same, except for those who serve also as members of the
Presidium and of the Executive Cabinet.
17. Salary schedules for members of the World Parliament and for members of
the Presidium and of the Executive Cabinet shall be determined by the
World Parliament.
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Article 6 - The World Executive
Sec. A Functions and Powers of the World Executive
1. To implement the basic system of world law as defined in the World
Constitution and in the codified system of world law after approval by
the World Parliament.
2. To implement legislation enacted by the World Parliament.
3. To propose and recommend legislation for enactment by the World
Parliament.
4. To convene the World Parliament in special sessions when necessary.
5. To supervise the World Administration and the Integrative Complex and
all of the departments, bureaus, offices, institutes and agencies
thereof.
6. To nominate, select and remove the heads of various organs, branches,
departments, bureaus, offices, commissions, institutes, agencies and
other parts of the World Government, in accordance with the provisions
of this World Constitution and as specifi ed in measures enacted by the
World Parliament.
7. To prepare and submit annually to the World Parliament a comprehensive
budget for the operations of the World Government, and to prepare and
submit periodically budget projections over periods of several years.
8. To define and propose priorities for world legislation and budgetary
allocations.
9. To be held accountable to the World Parliament for the expenditures of
appropriations made by the World Parliament in accordance with approved
and longer term budgets, subject to revisions approved by the World
Parliament.
Sec. B Composition of the World Executive
The World Executive shall consist of a Presidium of five members, and of an
Executive Cabinet of from twenty to thirty members, all of whom shall be
members of the World Parliament.
Sec. C The Presidium
1. The Presidium shall be composed of five members, one to be designated
as President and the other four to be designated as Vice Presidents.
Each member of the Presidium shall be from a different Continental
Division.
2. The Presidency of the Presidium shall rotate each year, with each
member in turn to serve as President, while the other four serve as
Vice Presidents. The order of rotation shall be decided by the
Presidium.
3. The decisions of the Presidium shall be taken collectively, on the
basis of majority decisions.
4. Each member of the Presidium shall be a member of the World Parliament,
either elected to the House of Peoples or to the House of Counsellors,
or appointed or elected to the House of Nations.
5. Nominations for the Presidium shall be made by the House of
Counsellors. The number of nominees shall be from two to three times
the number to be elected. No more than one-third of the nominees shall
be from the House of Counsellors or from the House of Nations, and
nominees must be included from all Continental Divisions.
6. From among the nominees submitted by the House of Counsellors, the
Presidium shall be elected by vote of the combined membership of all
three houses of the World Parliament in joint session. A plurality vote
equal to at least 40 percent of the total m embership of the World
Parliament shall be required for the election of each member to the
Presidium, with successive elimination votes taken as necessary until
the required plurality is achieved.
7. Members of the Presidium may be removed for cause, either individually
or collectively, by an absolute majority vote of the combined
membership of the three houses of the World Parliament in joint
session.
8. The term of office for the Presidium shall be five years and shall run
concurrently with the terms of office for the members as Members of the
World Parliament, except that at the end of each five year period, the
Presidium members in office shall con tinue to serve until the new
Presidium for the succeeding term is elected. Membership in the
Presidium shall be limited to two consecutive terms.
Sec. D The Executive Cabinet
1. The Executive Cabinet shall be composed of from twenty to thirty
members, with at least one member from each of the ten World Electoral
and Administrative Magna Regions of the world.
2. All members of the Executive Cabinet shall be Members of the World
Parliament.
3. There shall be no more than two members of the Executive Cabinet from
any single nation of the World Federation. There may be only one member
of the Executive Cabinet from a nation from which a Member of the World
Parliament is serving as a member of the Presidium.
4. Each member of the Executive Cabinet shall serve as the head of a
department or agency of the World Administration or Integrative
Complex, and in this capacity shall be designated as Minister of the
particular department or agency.
5. Nominations for members of the Executive Cabinet shall be made by the
Presidium, taking into consideration the various functions which
Executive Cabinets members are to perform. The Presidium shall nominate
no more than two times the number to be elec ted.
6. The Executive Cabinet shall be elected by simple majority vote of the
combined membership of all three houses of the World Parliament in
joint session.
7. Members of the Executive Cabinet either individually or collectively
may be removed for cause by an absolute majority vote of the combined
membership of all three houses of the World Parliament sitting in joint
session.
8. The term of office in the Executive Cabinet shall be five years, and
shall run concurrently with the terms of office for the members as
Members of the World Parliament, except that at the end of each five
year period, the Cabinet members in office s hall continue to serve
until the new Executive Cabinet for the succeeding term is elected.
Membership in the Executive Cabinet shall be limited to three
consecutive terms, regardless of change in ministerial position.
Sec. E Procedures of the World Executive
1. The Presidium shall assign the ministerial positions among the Cabinet
members to head the several administrative departments and major
agencies of the Administration and of the Integrative Complex. Each
Vice President may also serve as a Minister to head an administrative
department, but not the President. Ministerial positions may be changed
at the discretion of the Presidium. A Cabinet member or Vice President
may hold more than one ministerial post, but no more than three,
providing that no Cabine t member is without a Ministerial post.
2. The Presidium, in consultation with the Executive Cabinet, shall
prepare and present to the World Parliament near the beginning of each
year a proposed program of world legislation. The Presidium may propose
other legislation during the year.
3. The Presidium, in consultation with the Executive Cabinet, and in
consultation with the World Financial Administration, (see Article
VIII, Sec. G-1-i) shall be responsible for preparing and submitting to
the World Parliament the proposed annual budget , and budgetary
projections over periods of years.
4. Each Cabinet Member and Vice President as Minister of a particular
department or agency shall prepare an annual report for the particular
department or agency, to be submitted both to the Presidium and to the
World Parliament.
5. The members of the Presidium and of the Executive Cabinet at all times
shall be responsible both individually and collectively to the World
Parliament.
6. Vacancies occurring at any time in the World Executive shall be filled
within sixty days by nomination and election in the same manner as
specified for filling the offices originally.
Sec. F Limitations on the World Executive
1. The World Executive shall not at any time alter, suspend, abridge,
infringe or otherwise violate any provision of this World Constitution
or any legislation or world law enacted or approved by the World
Parliament in accordance with the provisions of this World
Constitution.
2. The World Executive shall not have veto power over any legislation
passed by the World Parliament.
3. The World Executive may not dissolve the World Parliament or any House
of the World Parliament.
4. The World Executive may not act contrary to decisions of the World
Courts.
5. The World Executive shall be bound to faithfully execute all
legislation passed by the World Parliament in accordance with the
provisions of this World Constitution, and may not impound or refuse to
spend funds appropriated by the World Parliament, no r spend more funds
than are appropriated bt the World Parliament.
6. The World Executive may not transcend or contradict the decisions or
controls of the World Parliament, the World Judiciary or the Provisions
of this World Constitution by any device of executive order or
executive privelege or emergency declaration or decree.
Article 7 - The World Administration
Sec. A - Functions of the World Administration
1. The World Administration shall be organized to carry out the detailed
and continuous administration and implementation of world legislation
and world law.
2. The World Administration shall be under the direction of the World
Executive, and shall at all times be responsible to the World
Executive.
3. The World Administration shall be organized so as to give professional
continuity to the work of administration and implementation.
Sec. B - Structure and Procedures of the World Administration
1. The World Administration shall be composed of professionally organized
departments and other agencies in all areas of activity requiring
continuity of administration and implementation by the World
Government.
2. Each Department or major agency of the World Administration shall be
headed by a Minister who shall be either a member of the Executive
Cabinet or a Vice President of the Presidium.
3. Each Department or major agency of the World Administration shall have
as chief of staff a Senior Administrator, who shall assist the Minister
and supervise the detailed work of the Department or agency.
4. Each Senior Administrator shall be nominated by the Minister of the
particular Department or agency from among persons in the senior lists
of the World Civil Service Administration, as soon as senior lists have
been established by the World Civil Serv ice Administration, and shall
be confirmed by the Presidium. Temporary qualified appointments shall
be made by the Ministers, with confirmation by the Presidium, pending
establishment of the senior lists.
5. There shall be a Secretary General of the World Administration, who
shall be nominated by the Presidium and confirmed by absolute majority
vote of the entire Executive Cabinet.
6. The functions and responsibilities of the Secretary General of the
World Administration shall be to assist in coordinating the work of the
Senior Administrators of the several Departments and agencies of the
World Administration. The Secretary General shall at all times be
subject to the direction of the Presidium, and shall be directly
responsible to the Presidium.
7. The employment of any Senior Administrator and of the Secretary General
may be terminated for cause by absolute majority vote of both the
Executive Cabinet and Presidium combined, but not contrary to civil
service rules which protect tenure on grounds of competence.
8. Each Minister of a Department or agency of the World Administration,
being also a Member of the World Parliament, shall provide continuous
liaison between the particular Department or agency and the World
Parliament, shall respond at any time to any q uestions or requests for
information from the Parliament, including committees of any House of
the World Parliament.
9. The Presidium, in cooperation with the particular Ministers in each
case, shall be responsible for the original organization of each of the
Departments and major agencies of the World Administration.
10. The assignment of legislative measures, constitutional provisions and
areas of world law to particular Departments and agencies for
administration and implementation shall be done by the Presidium in
consultation with the Executive Cabinet and Secret ary General, unless
specifically provided in legislation passed by the World Parliament.
11. The Presidium, in consultation with the Executive Cabinet, may propose
the creation of other departments and agencies to have ministerial
status; and may propose the alteration, combination or termination of
existing Departments and agencies of minist erial status as may seem
necessary or desirable. Any such creation, alteration, combination or
termination shall require a simple majority vote of approval of the
three houses of the World Parliament in joint session.
12. The World Parliament by absolute majority vote of the three houses in
joint session may specify the creation of new departments or agencies
of ministerial status in the World Administration, or may direct the
World Executive to alter, combine, or term inate existing departments
or agencies of ministerial status.
13. The Presidium and the World Executive may not create, establish or
maintain any administrative or executive department or agency for the
purpose of circumventing control by the World Parliament.
Sec. C - Departments of the World Adminstration
Among the Departments and agencies of the World Administration of
ministerial status, but not limited thereto and subject to combinations and
to changes in descriptive terminology, shall be those listed under this
Section. Each major area of administr ation shall be headed by a Cabinet
Minister and a Senior Administrator, or by a Vice President and a Senior
Administrator.
1. Disarmament and War Prevention.
2. Population.
3. Food and Agriculture.
4. Water Supplies and Waterways.
5. Health and Nutrition.
6. Education.
7. Cultural Diversity and the Arts.
8. Habitat and Settlements.
9. Environment and Ecology.
10. World Resources.
11. Oceans and Seabeds.
12. Atmosphere and Space.
13. Energy.
14. Science and Technology.
15. Genetic Research and Engineering.
16. Labor and Income.
17. Economic and Social Development.
18. Commerce and Industry.
19. Transportation and Travel.
20. Multi-National Corporations.
21. Communications and Information.
22. Human Rights.
23. Distributive Justice.
24. World Service Corps.
25. World Territories, Capitals and Parks.
26. Exterior Relations.
27. Democratic Procedures.
28. Revenue.
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Article 8 - The Integrative Complex
Sec. A - Definition
1. Certain administrative, research, planning and facilitative agencies of
the World Government which are particularly essential for the
satisfactory functioning of all or most aspects of the World
Government, shall be designated as the Integrative Compl ex. The
Integrative Complex shall include the agencies listed under this
Section, with the proviso that other such agencies may be added upon
recommendation of the Presidium followed by decision of the World
Parliament.
1. The World Civil Service Administration.
2. The World Boundaries and Elections Administration.
3. The Institute on Governmental Procedures and World Problems.
4. The Agency for Research and Planning.
5. The Agency for Technological and Environmental Assessment.
6. The World Financial Administration.
7. Commission for Legislative Review.
2. Each agency of the Integrative Complex shall be headed by a Cabinet
Minister and a Senior Administrator, or by a Vice President and a
Senior Administrator, together with a Commission as provided hereunder.
The rules of procedure for each agency shall be decided by majority
decision of the Commission members together with the Administrator and
the Minister or Vice President.
3. The World Parliament may at any time define further the
responsibilities, functioning and organization of the several agencies
of the Integrative Complex, consistent with the provisions of Article
VIII and other provisions of the World Constitution.
4. Each agency of the Integrative Complex shall make an annual report to
the World Parliament and to the Presidium.
Sec. B - The World Civil Service Administration
1. The functions of the World Civil Service Administration shall be the
following, but not limited thereto:
1. To formulate and define standards, qualifications, tests,
examinations and salary scales for the personnel of all organs,
departments, bureaus, offices, commissions and agencies of the
World Government, in conformity with the provisions of this World
Constitution and requiring approval by the Presidium and Executive
Cabinet, subject to review and approval by the World Parliament.
2. To establish rosters or lists of competent personnel for all
categories of personnel to be appointed or employed in the service
of the World Government.
3. To select and employ upon request by any government organ,
department, bureau, office, institute, commission, agency or
authorized official, such competent personnel as may be needed and
authorized, except for those positions which are made elective o r
appointive under provisions of the World Constitution or by
specific legislation of the World Parliament.
2. The World Civil Service Administration shall be headed by a ten member
commission in addition to the Cabinet Minister or Vice President and
Senior Administrator. The Commission shall be composed of one
commissioner from each of ten World Electoral and Administrative
Magna-Regions. The persons to serve as Commissioners shall be nominated
by the House of Counsellors and then appointed by the Presidium for
five year terms. Commissioners may serve consecutive terms.
Sec. C - The World Boundaries and Elections Administration
1. The functions of the World Boundaries and Elections Administration
shall include the following, but not limited thereto:
1. To define the boundaries for the basic World Electoral and
Administrative Districts, the World Electoral and Administrative
Regions and Magna-Regions, and the Continental Divisions, for
submission to the World Parliament for approval by legislative ac
tion.
2. To make periodic adjustments every ten or five years, as needed,
of the boundaries for the World Electoral and Administrative
Districts, the World Electoral and Administrative Regions and
Magna-Regions, and of the Continental Divisions, subject to app
roval by the World Parliament.
3. To define the detailed procedures for the nomination and election
of Members of the World Parliament to the House of Peoples and to
the House of Counsellors, subject to approval by the World
Parliament.
4. To conduct the elections for Members of the World Parliament to
the House of Peoples and to the House of Counsellors.
5. Before each World Parliamentary Election, to prepare Voters'
Information Booklets which shall summarize major current public
issues, and shall list each candidate for elective office together
with standard information about each candidate, and give sp ace
for each candidate to state his or her views on the defined major
issues as well as on any other major issue of choice; to include
information on any initiatives or referendums which are to be
voted upon; to distribute the Voter's Information Booklets for
each World Electoral District, or suitable group of Districts; and
to obtain the advice of the Institute on Governmental Procedures
and World Problems, the Agency for Research and Planning, and the
Agency for Technological and Environmental Assessmen t in
preparing the booklets.
6. To define the rules for world political parties, subject to
approval by the World Parliament, and subject to review and
recommendations of the World Ombudsmus.
7. To define the detailed procedures for legislative initiative and
referendum by the Citizens of Earth, and to conduct voting on
supra- national or global initiatives and referendums in
conjuction with world parliamentary elections.
8. To conduct plebiscites when requested by other Organs of the World
Government, and to make recommendations for the settlement of
boundary disputes.
9. To conduct a global census every five years, and to prepare and
maintain complete demographic analyses for Earth.
2. The World Boundaries and Elections Administration shall be headed by a
ten member commission in addition to the Senior Administrator and the
Cabinet Minister or Vice President. The commission shall be composed of
one commissioner each from ten World Electoral and Administrative
Magna- Regions. The persons to serve as commissioners shall be
nominated by the House of Counsellors and then appointed by the World
Presidium for five year terms. Commissioners may serve consecutive
terms.
Sec. D - Institute on Governmental Procedures and World Problems
1. The functions of the Institute on Governmental Procedures and World
Problems shall be as follows, but not limited thereto:
1. To prepare and conduct courses of information, education and
training for all personnel in the service of the World Government,
including Members of the World Parliament and of all other
elective, appointive and civil service personnel, so that every
person in the service of the World Government may have a better
understanding of the functions, structure, procedures and
inter-relationships of the various organs, departments, bureaus,
offices, institutes, commissions, agencies and other parts of the
Wo rld Government.
2. To prepare and conduct courses and seminars for information,
education, discussion, updating and new ideas in all areas of
world problems, particularly for Members of the World Parliament
and of the World Executive, and for the chief personnel of all
organs, departments and agencies of the World Government, but open
to all in the service of the World Government.
3. To bring in qualified persons from private and public
universities, colleges and research and action organizations of
many countries, as well as other qualified persons, to lecture and
to be resource persons for the courses and seminars organized by t
he Institute on Governmental Procedures and World Problems.
4. To contract with private or public universities and colleges or
other agencies to conduct courses and seminars for the Institute.
2. The Institute on Governmental Procedures and World Problems shall be
supervised by a ten member commission in addition to the Senior
Administrator and Cabinet Minister or Vice President. The commission
shall be composed of one commissioner each to be named by the House of
Peoples, the House of Nations, the House of Counsellors, the Presidium,
the Collegium of World Judges, The World Ombudsmus, The World Attorneys
General Office, the Agency for Research and Planning, the Agency for
Technological and E nvironmental Assessment, and the World Financial
Administration. Commissioners shall serve five year terms, and may
serve consecutive terms.
Sec. E - The Agency for Research and Planning
1. The functions of the Agency for Research and Planning shall be as
follows, but not limited thereto:
1. To serve the World Parliament, the World Executive, the World
Administration, and other organs, departments and agencies of the
World Government in any matter requiring research and planning
within the competence of the agency.
2. To prepare and maintain a comprehensive inventory of world
resources.
3. To prepare comprehensive long-range plans for the development,
conservation, re-cycling and equitable sharing of the resources of
Earth for the benefit of all people on Earth, subject to
legislative action by the World Parliament.
4. To prepare and maintain a comprehensive list and description of
all world problems, including their inter-relationships, impact
time projections and proposed solutions, together with
bibliographies.
5. To do research and help prepare legislative measures at the
request of any Member of the World Parliament or of any committee
of any House of the World Parliament.
6. To do research and help prepare proposed legislation or proposed
legislative programs and schedules at the request of the Presidium
or Executive Cabinet or of any Cabinet Minister.
7. To do research and prepare reports at the request of any other
organ, department or agency of the World Government.
8. To enlist the help of public and private universities, colleges,
research agencies, and other associations and organizations for
various research and planning projects.
9. To contract with public and private universities, colleges,
research agencies and other organizations for the preparation of
specific reports, studies and proposals.
10. To maintain a comprehensive World Library for the use of all
Members of the World Parliament, and for the use of all other
officials and persons in the service of the World Government, as
well as for public information.
2. The Agency for Research and Planning shall be supervised by a ten
member commission in addition to the Senior Administrator and Cabinet
Minister or Vice President. The commission shall be composed of one
commissioner each to be named by the House of P eoples, the House of
Nations, the House of Counsellors, the Presidium, the Collegium of
World Judges, the Office of World Attorneys General, World Ombudsmus,
the Agency for Technological and Environmental Assessment, the
Institute on Governmental Procedur es and World Problems, and the World
Financial Administration. Commissioners shall serve five year terms,
and may serve consecutive terms.
Sec. F - The Agency for Technological and Environmental Assessment
1. The functions of the agency for Technological and Environmental
Assessment shall include the following, but not limited thereto:
1. To establish and maintain a registration and description of all
significant technological innovations, together with impact
projections.
2. To examine, analyze and assess the impacts and consequences of
technological innovations which may have either significant
beneficial or significant harmful or dangerous consequences for
human life or for the ecology of life on Earth, or which may req
uire particular regulations or prohibitions to prevent or
eliminate dangers or to assure benefits.
3. To examine, analyze and assess environmental and ecological
problems, in particular the environmental and ecological problems
which may result from any intrusions or changes of the environment
or ecological relationships which may be caused by technol ogical
innovations, processes of resource development, patterns of human
settlements, the production of energy, patterns of economic and
industrial development, or other man-made intrusions and changes
of the environment, or which may result from natural causes.
4. To maintain a global monitoring network to measure possible
harmful effects of technological innovations and environmental
disturbances so that corrective measures can be designed.
5. To prepare recommendations based on technological and
environmental analyses and assessments, which can serve as guides
to the World Parliament, the World Executive, the World
Administration, the Agency for Research and Planning, and to the
other orga ns, departments and agencies of the World Government,
as well as to individuals in the service of the World Government
and to national and local governments and legislative bodies.
6. To enlist the voluntary or contractual aid and participation of
private and public universities, colleges, research institutions
and other associations and organizations in the work of
technological and environmental assessment.
7. To enlist the voluntary or contractual aid and participation of
private and public universities and colleges, research
institutions and other organizations in devising and developing
alternatives to harmful or dangerous technologies and
environmentall y disruptive activities, and in devising controls
to assure beneficial results from technological innovations or to
prevent harmful results from either technological innovations or
environmental changes, all subject to legislation for
implementation by th e World Parliament.
2. The Agency for Technological and Environmental Assessment shall be
supervised by a ten member commission in addition to the Senior
Administrator and Cabinet Minister or Vice President. The commission
shall be composed of one commissioner from each of ten World Electoral
and Administrative Magna-Regions. The persons to serve as commissioners
shall be nominated by the House of Counsellors, and then appointed by
the World Presidium for five year terms. Commissioners may serve
consecutive terms.
Sec. G - The World Financial Administration
1. The functions of the World Financial Administration shall include the
following, but not limited thereto:
1. To establish and operate the procedures for the collection of
revenues for the World Government, pursuant to legislation by the
World Parliament, inclusive of taxes, globally accounted social
and public costs, licenses, fees, revenue sharing arrangeme nts,
income derived from supra-national public enterprises or projects
or resource developments, and all other sources.
2. To operate a Planetary Accounting Office, and thereunder to make
cost/benefit studies and reports of the functioning and activities
of the World Government and of its several organs, departments,
branches, bureaus, offices, commissions, institutes, ag encies and
other parts or projects. In making such studies and reports,
account shall be taken not only of direct financial costs and
benefits, but also of human, social, environmental, indirect,
long-term and other costs and benefits, and of actual or po ssible
hazards and damages. Such studies and reports shall also be
designed to uncover any wastes, inefficiencies, misapplications,
corruptions, diversions, unnecessary costs, and other possible
irregularities.
3. To make cost/benefit studies and reports at the request of any
House or committee of the World Parliament, and of the Presidium,
the Executive Cabinet, the World Ombudsmus, the Office of World
Attorneys General, the World Supreme Court, or of any admi
nistrative department or any agency of the Integrative Complex, as
well as upon its own initiative.
4. To operate a Planetary Comptrollers Office and thereunder to
supervise the disbursement of the funds of the World Government
for all purposes, projects and activities duly authorized by this
World Constitution, the World Parliament, the World Executiv e,
and other organs, departments and agencies of the World
Government.
5. To establish and operate a Planetary Banking System, making the
transition to a common global currency, under the terms of
specific legislation passed by the World Parliament.
6. Pursuant to specific legislation enacted by the World Parliament,
and in conjunction with the Planetary Banking System, to establish
and implement the procedures of a Planetary Monetary and Credit
System based upon useful productive capacity and perfo rmance,
both in goods and services. Such a monetary and credit system
shall be designed for use within the Planetary Banking System for
the financing of the activities and projects of the World
Government, and for all other financial purposes approved by the
World Parliament, without requiring the payment of interest on
bonds, investments or other claims of financial ownership or debt.
7. To establish criteria for the extension of financial credit based
upon such considerations as people available to work, usefulness,
cost/benefit accounting, human and social values, environmental
health and esthetics, minimizing disparities, integrity ,
competent management, appropriate technology, potential production
and performance.
8. To establish and operate a Planetary Insurance System in areas of
world need which transcend national boundaries and in accordance
with legislation passed by the World Parliament.
9. To assist the Presidium as may be requested in the technical
preparation of budgets for the operation of the World Government.
2. The World Financial Administration shall be supervised by a commission
of ten members, together with a Senior Administrator and a Cabinet
Minister or Vice President. The commission shall be composed of one
commissioner each to be named by the House of Peoples, the House of
Nations, the House of Counsellors, the Presidium, the Collegium of
World Judges, the Office of Attorneys General, the World Ombudsmus, the
Agency for Research and Planning, the Agency for Technological and
Environmental Assessment, and the Institute on Governmental Procedures
and World Problems. Commissioners shall serve terms of five years, and
may serve consecutive terms.
Sec. H - Commission for Legislative Review
1. The functions of the Commission for Legislative Review shall be to
examine World Legislation and World Laws which the World Parliament
enacts or adopts from the previous Body of International Law for the
purpose of analyzing whether any particular leg islation or law has
become obsolete or obstructive or defective in serving the purposes
intended; and to make recommendations to the World Parliament
accordingly for repeal or amendment or replacement.
2. The Commission for Legislative Review shall be composed of twelve
members, including two each to be elected by the House of Peoples, the
House of Nations, the House of Counsellors, the Collegium of World
Judges, the World Ombudsmus and the Presidium. Members of the
Commission shall serve terms of ten years, and may be re-elected to
serve consecutive terms. One half of the Commission members after the
Commission is first formed shall be elected every five years, with the
first terms for one half of the members to be only five years.
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