HSCI 441                                                                                      Dr. Robert Huff

 

Health Education & Health Promotion Planning

A Study Guide for Health Science 441

 

 

The Precede – Proceed Model (Green &  Kreuter, 2005)

 

The Precede-Proceed model is a framework for planning, implementing and evaluating health education & health promotion programs in a variety of situations and settings. This study guide has been prepared to help the HSCI 441 student to make his or her way through the model as they attend the course and work on the development of their Senior Project which will take them to their graduation from the Health Education Program. This Study Guide will present the major phases of the model and ask the student to respond to questions in each of the phases that will help lead them to a real health issue/problem, a real target group living with the problem, in a real-world location somewhere in the Los Angeles or Ventura County area.

 

The Precede-Proceed model has eight phases that include the following:

 

 

 

                    PHASE 1: Social Assessment & Situational Analysis                                         

 

This phase is concerned with Quality of Life and the health problems that impact on this within the community under study.

 

1.  Purpose:

 

 

 

 

2.  Methods:

 

 

 

 

 

The Windshield Survey:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SPA (Standard Planning Area), Census & Other Types of Data:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Community Perceptions of its health issues and needs:

 

Key Informant Interviews:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Central Location (Quick Intercept) Interviews:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Focus Groups:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Community Forum:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Community-wide Survey:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Asset Mapping:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Situational Analysis (Social Diagnosis):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

            

                 PHASE 2: Epidemiological Assessment                                                                    

 

 

This phase will help the planner make final decisions regarding the issue and target group they will work with to design an
educational intervention to improve the health of the community and in turn, their quality of life.

 

Purpose:

 

 

 

 

The Five Epidemiological Questions:

 

1.

 

2.

 

3.

 

4.

 

5.

 

 

Classic Indicators of Health Problems (The Five D’s):

 

1.

 

2.

 

3.

 

4.

 

5.

 

 

 

Data Sources:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Determinants/Factors that are Impacting on the Health Problem:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Relating Data to the Five Epidemiological Questions:

 

 

 

 

The Behavioral Diagnosis:

1.  Levels of Behavior:

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.  What level(s) of intervention will you emplay to solve the health problem you are dealing with?

 

 

3.  Genetics:

 

 

 

 

 

4.  Behavioral Risk Assessment:

 

 

The Environmental Diagnosis:

 

1.  Subcategories of Environmental Assessment:

 

 

 

 

 

2. Environmental Risk Assessment:

 

 

 

 

 

NOTE: Refer to your readings for the matrix approach to rating behavioral and environmental risks.

 

At this point, the group should have their project focus (e.g. health issue, target group and location, and risk assessments)

 

 

      

                  PHASE 3: Ecological and Educational Diagnosis                                                

 

Purpose:

 

 

 

Categories of Factors Affecting Individual and Collective Behaviors:

 

1. Predisposing Factors:

 

 

 

 

2.  Enabling Factors:

 

 

 

 

3.  Reinforcing Factors:

 

 

 

 

The Domains of Learning:

 

1.  Cognitive (Knowledge):

 

 

 

2.  Affective (Attitudes, Beliefs, Values, Emotions):

 

 

3.  Behavioral (Overt Action):

 

 

 

 

The Educational-Behavioral Diagnosis:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

These three questions help target the KAB of the target group and must be understood if you are to have any real chance of impacting the health problem(s) you are concerned about in your target community. The ecological piece of this is concerned with what is going on around the target group (the social, genetic, and environmental factors) that are supporting the KAB that you are seeking to address. The next three questions are concerned with what it is you want to do to promote change in your target group.


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Health Behavior Models Relevant to the Ecological Diagnosis:

 

1.  The Health Belief Model:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.  The Transtheoretical Model:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.  Social Cognitive Theory:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4.  Diffusion of Innovation:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Target Group Specific Needs Assessment:

 

1.  Purpose:

 

 

 

 

2.  Considerations:

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.  Objectives of the assessment:

 

 

 

 

4.  Types of questions and formatting of questions:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5.  Methodology of administration:

 

 

 

 

 

 

6.  Analysis and reporting of data:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                  PHASE 4: Administrative & Policy Assessment & Intervention Alignment    

 

 

Phase 4 of the Precede-Proceed model is focused on the health education intervention Action Plan. At this point you will have needed to have completed the following tasks:

 

1.  Have a clearly defined health problem/issue, target group and general location in which your project will be implemented.

 

2.  A clearly defined educational-behavioral diagnosis based on your target group specific needs assessment.

 

3.  A clear focus on the level(s) of intervention your program will target.

 

Writing Measurable Objectives (Refer to your handout):

 

1.  Purpose of Objectives:

 

 

 

 

2.  The characteristics of a measurable objective:

 

 

 

 

 

3.  The hierarchy of Objectives:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Objectives define the purpose, direction, and evaluation methodologies that your program will use to carry out its intervention plan.

 

Resources & Constraints:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Methods & Activities:

 

There are two major categories of methods that need to be considered in carrying out an intervention plan:

 

1.  Methods related to “How” you will get your target group to come to your educational program:

 

 

 

2.  Methods related to “What” you will do with the target group when you get them to your program:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Both of these major categories will rely on specific activities that must be completed in order for the method to succeed. For example:

 

Marketing Activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Classroom/workshop Education Session:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Gantt Chart:

 

Purpose:

 

 

 

Format:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Program Budget:

 

Purpose:

 

 

 

 

 

Direct & Indirect Costs:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Budget Format:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Administrative & Policy Assessment:

 

 

                 PHASE 5: Implementation                                                                                            

                  

 

The Five Phases of Implementation:

 

1: Gaining acceptance for the program:

 

 

 

 

 

2. Specifying tasks and estimating resources:

 

 

 

 

 

3. Developing your marketing plan (the six “P’s”):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4. Establishing a system of program monitoring:

 

 

 

 

 

5. Putting your plan into action:

 

 

 

 

 

                  PHASE 6: Process Evaluation                                                                                    

                   

 

Purpose:

 

 

 

Tools:

 

                 PHASE 7: Impact Evaluation                                                                                          

                   

 

Purpose:

 

 

 

Tools:

 

 

 

 

 

                  PHASE 8: Outcome Evaluation                                                                                     

 

              

Purpose:

 

 

 

Tools:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Using your evaluation data to determine whether if you achieved your objectives at each level of the hierarchy:

 

Specific handouts were provided in the class and reviewed with examples for this most important task…please refer to these when preparing for the final examination!