CLAS 102L:
The Second (Passive) Periphrastic
Wheelock, Chapter 24
As a special usage, the PURPOSE of the 'passive periphrastic' is to express obligation ('ought') or necessity ('must').
FORM: The second (passive) periphrastic construction is made up of the
FUTURE PASSIVE PARTICIPLE + appropriate parts of the verb SUM, ESSE
(a.k.a. the gerundive)
PORTANDUS SUM I am to be carried. I must be carried.
PORTANDI ERAMUS We were to be carried. We had to be carried.
PORTANDAE ERITIS You will have to be carried.
PORTANDUS FUI I have had to be carried.
PORTANDUS FUERAM I had had to be carried.
PORTANDUS FUERO. I shall have had to be carried.
EXAMPLES:
NUNTIUS MITTENDUS EST |
A messenger is to be sent.
A messenger must be sent.
A messenger ought to be sent.
A messenger should be sent.
A messenger has to be sent. |
| AQUA PORTANDA ERAT. |
Water was to be carried.
Water ought to have been carried.
Water should have been carried.
Water had to be carried. |
NOTE: This periphrastic construction is an alternative to using:
| DEBUIT DICERE... |
He ought to have said (owed it to say)... |
| OPORTUIT VENIRE |
He ought to have come. |
| POTUIT VIDERE... |
He might have seen... |
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