LOGIC EXAMPLES
| Argument | Form | Questions |
| A | ||
|
1. All human beings are mortal. 2. Socrates is a human being. 3. Thus, Socrates is mortal. |
1. All X is Y. 2. S is an X. 3. Thus, S is Y. |
Valid? _____ Clear? _____ Sound? _____ |
| B | ||
|
1. All humans are mortal. 2. My dog Speck is mortal. 3. Thus, my dog Speck is human. |
1. All X is Y. 2. S is Y. 3. Thus, S is X. |
Valid? _____ Clear? _____ Sound? _____ |
| C | ||
|
1. All human beings are mortal. 2. George W. Bush is mortal. 3. Thus, George W. Bush is a human being. |
1. All X is Y. 2. S is Y. 3. Thus, S is X. |
Valid? _____ Clear? _____ Sound? _____ |
| D | ||
|
1. If Speck is a dog, then Speck is smarter than George W. Bush. 2. Speck is a dog. 3. Thus, Speck is smarter than George W. Bush. |
1. If A, then B. 2. A. 3. Thus, B. |
Valid? _____ Clear? _____ Sound? _____ |
| E | ||
|
1. If X is green, then X has a color. 2. Your foul breath does not have a color. 3. Thus, your foul breath is not green. |
1. If A, then B. 2. Not-B. 3. Thus, Not-A. |
Valid? _____ Clear? _____ Sound? _____ |
| F | ||
|
1. If X is green, then X has a color. 2. My python "Monty" is not green. 3. Thus, my python "Monty" does not have a color. |
1. If A, then B. 2. Not-A. 3. Thus, Not-B. |
Valid? _____ Clear? _____ Sound? _____ |
| G | ||
|
1. If a person is a C-student, over- privileged sentence-mangler, then that person does not deserve to be the President of the U.S. 2. George W. Bush does not deserve to be the President of the U.S. 3. Thus, George W. Bush is a C-student, over-privileged sentence-mangler. |
1. If A, then B. 2. B. _______________ 3. Thus, A. |
Valid? _____ Clear? _____ Sound? _____ |
More Examples
| Argument | Questions | Argument | Questions |
| H | I | ||
|
1. If God created the world, then God exists. 2. God created the world. 3. Thus, God exists. |
Valid? ___ Clear? ___ Sound? ___ |
1. If God did not create the world, then God does not exist. 2. God did not create the world. 3. Thus, God does not exist. |
Valid? ___ Clear? ___ Sound? ___ |
| J | K | ||
|
1. If X is green, then X has a color. 2. Kermit is green. 3. Thus, Kermit is a frog. |
Valid? ___ Clear? ___ Sound? ___ |
1. If X is green, then X has a color. 2. Kermit does not have a color. 3. Thus, Kermit is not green. |
Valid? ___ Clear? ___ Sound? ___ |
| L | M | ||
|
1. If X is green, then X has a color. 2. Kermit is not green. 3. Thus, Kermit does not have a color. |
Valid? ___ Clear? ___ Sound? ___ |
1. All cats suck. 2. Speck is a dog (i.e., Speck is not a cat). 3. Thus, Speck does not suck. |
Valid? ___ Clear? ___ Sound? ___ |
| N | O | ||
|
1. If plants are ever doused in flames, then their leaves will be singed. 2. My plant Planty's leaves have never been singed. 3. Thus, my plant Planty has never been doused in flames. |
Valid? ___ Clear? ___ Sound? ___ |
1. All doohickies skedaddle. 2. Skirmatowhatsits is a doohicky. 3. Thus, Skirmatowhatsits skedaddles. |
Valid? ___ Clear? ___ Sound? ___ |
| P | Q | ||
|
1. If O.J. killed his ex-wife, then he is guilty of a crime. 2. O.J. is guilty of a crime. 3. Thus, O.J. killed his ex-wife. |
Valid? ___ Clear? ___ Sound? ___ |
1. All pinheads will die a thousand times before their deaths. 2. Zippy is a pinhead. 3. Thus, Zippy will die a thousand times before his death. |
Valid? ___ Clear? ___ Sound? ___ |
| R | S | ||
|
1. Some CSUN students have sex. 2. Some people who have sex have babies. 3. Thus, some CSUN students have babies. |
Valid? ___ Clear? ___ Sound? ___ |
1. Some humans are male. 2. Some humans are female. 3. Thus, some humans are both male and female. |
Valid? ___ Clear? ___ Sound? ___ |