%% This BibTeX bibliography file was created using BibDesk. %% http://bibdesk.sourceforge.net/ %% Created for Chad Topaz at 2011-07-18 22:55:43 -0500 %% Saved with string encoding Unicode (UTF-8) @article{WalRai1951, Author = {Waloff, Z. and Rainey, R. C.}, Date-Added = {2009-09-10 08:39:48 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-09-11 21:29:58 -0500}, Journal = {Anti-Locust Bull.}, Number = {9}, Pages = {1-50}, Title = {Field Studies on Factors Affecting the Displacements of Desert Locust Swarms in Eastern {A}frica}, Year = {1951}} @article{Ell1953, Author = {Ellis, P. E.}, Date-Added = {2009-09-10 08:39:48 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-09-11 21:29:58 -0500}, Journal = {J. Exp. Bio.}, Month = {May}, Number = {2}, Pages = {214-234}, Title = {The Gregarious Behavior of Marching \emph{{L}ocusta {M}igratoria {M}igratorioides} ({R} \& {F}.) Hoppers}, Volume = {30}, Year = {1953}, Bdsk-File-1 = {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}} @book{Uva1966, Address = {London, UK}, Author = {Uvarov, B.}, Date-Added = {2009-09-10 08:39:48 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-09-11 21:29:58 -0500}, Publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, Title = {Grasshoppers and Locusts}, Volume = {1}, Year = {1966}} @article{Wal1972, Author = {Waloff, Z.}, Date-Added = {2009-09-10 08:39:48 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-09-11 21:29:58 -0500}, Journal = {Anim. Behav.}, Month = {May}, Pages = {367-372}, Title = {Observations on the Airspeeds of Freely Flying Locusts}, Volume = {20}, Year = {1972}, Bdsk-File-1 = {YnBsaXN0MDDUAQIDBAUIJidUJHRvcFgkb2JqZWN0c1gkdmVyc2lvblkkYXJjaGl2ZXLRBgdUcm9vdIABqAkKFRYXGyIjVSRudWxs0wsMDQ4RFFpOUy5vYmplY3RzV05TLmtleXNWJGNsYXNzog8QgASABqISE4ACgAOAB1lhbGlhc0RhdGFccmVsYXRpdmVQYXRo0hgNGRpXTlMuZGF0YU8RAdgAAAAAAdgAAgAADE1hY2ludG9zaCBIRAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMgGb8tIKwAAAC1LugdXYWwxOTcyAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAALbbJxsMuUlBERiBDQVJPAAEACAAACSAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADQWxsAAAQAAgAAMgGthsAAAARAAgAAMbDdKIAAAABACQALUu6AC1LuQAtScYALUW1AC1FsQAtRakACEpLAAhKPgAAkj8AAgBeTWFjaW50b3NoIEhEOlVzZXJzOmNoYWQ6RG9jdW1lbnRzOkRyb3Bib3g6UHJvZmVzc2lvbmFsOlJlc2VhcmNoOmxpYnJhcnk6cmVwb3NpdG9yeTpBbGw6V2FsMTk3MgAOABAABwBXAGEAbAAxADkANwAyAA8AGgAMAE0AYQBjAGkAbgB0AG8AcwBoACAASABEABIAUVVzZXJzL2NoYWQvRG9jdW1lbnRzL0Ryb3Bib3gvcHJvZmVzc2lvbmFsL3Jlc2VhcmNoL2xpYnJhcnkvcmVwb3NpdG9yeS9BbGwvV2FsMTk3MgAAEwABLwAAFQACAAv//wAAgAXSHB0eH1gkY2xhc3Nlc1okY2xhc3NuYW1lox8gIV1OU011dGFibGVEYXRhVk5TRGF0YVhOU09iamVjdF8QSS4uL0RvY3VtZW50cy9Ecm9wYm94L3Byb2Zlc3Npb25hbC9yZXNlYXJjaC9saWJyYXJ5L3JlcG9zaXRvcnkvQWxsL1dhbDE5NzLSHB0kJaIlIVxOU0RpY3Rpb25hcnkSAAGGoF8QD05TS2V5ZWRBcmNoaXZlcgAIABEAFgAfACgAMgA1ADoAPABFAEsAUgBdAGUAbABvAHEAcwB2AHgAegB8AIYAkwCYAKACfAJ+AoMCjAKXApsCqQKwArkDBQMKAw0DGgMfAAAAAAAAAgEAAAAAAAAAKAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAzE=}} @book{Uva1977, Address = {London, UK}, Author = {Uvarov, B.}, Date-Added = {2009-09-10 08:39:48 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-09-11 21:29:58 -0500}, Publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, Title = {Grasshoppers and Locusts}, Volume = {2}, Year = {1977}} @book{Rai1989, Address = {Oxford}, Author = {Rainey, R. C.}, Date-Added = {2009-09-10 08:39:48 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-09-11 21:29:58 -0500}, Publisher = {Clarendon Press}, Series = {Oxford Science Publications}, Title = {Migration and Meteorology: Flight Behavior and the Atmospheric Environment of Locusts and other Migrant Pests}, Year = {1989}} @article{SkaPopRof1990, Address = {6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1Y 5AG}, Author = {Skaf, R. and Popov, G. B. and Roffey, J.}, Date-Added = {2009-09-23 15:35:23 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-09-23 15:36:34 -0500}, Isi = {A1990DQ99100003}, Isi-Recid = {73140050}, Isi-Ref-Recids = {73140051 73140052 73140053 73140054 73140055 30058721 73140056 73140057 73140058 38705955 47963914 58992589 73140059 38705892 23910221 18675160 73140060 15359538 38706005 67582587 73140061 70428923 59244 38705881}, Journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences}, Month = jun, Number = {1251}, Pages = {525-538}, Publisher = {ROYAL SOC LONDON}, Times-Cited = {17}, Title = {THE DESERT LOCUST - AN INTERNATIONAL CHALLENGE}, Volume = {328}, Year = {1990}, Bdsk-File-1 = {YnBsaXN0MDDUAQIDBAUIJidUJHRvcFgkb2JqZWN0c1gkdmVyc2lvblkkYXJjaGl2ZXLRBgdUcm9vdIABqAkKFRYXGyIjVSRudWxs0wsMDQ4RFFpOUy5vYmplY3RzV05TLmtleXNWJGNsYXNzog8QgASABqISE4ACgAOAB1lhbGlhc0RhdGFccmVsYXRpdmVQYXRo0hgNGRpXTlMuZGF0YU8RAgAAAAAAAgAAAgAADE1hY2ludG9zaCBIRAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMgGb8tIKwAAAC1LuhFTa2FQb3BSb2YxOTkwLnBkZgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAALcZ6xt/xKQAAAAAAAAAAAAEACAAACSAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADQWxsAAAQAAgAAMgGthsAAAARAAgAAMbgN3kAAAABACQALUu6AC1LuQAtScYALUW1AC1FsQAtRakACEpLAAhKPgAAkj8AAgBoTWFjaW50b3NoIEhEOlVzZXJzOmNoYWQ6RG9jdW1lbnRzOkRyb3Bib3g6UHJvZmVzc2lvbmFsOlJlc2VhcmNoOmxpYnJhcnk6cmVwb3NpdG9yeTpBbGw6U2thUG9wUm9mMTk5MC5wZGYADgAkABEAUwBrAGEAUABvAHAAUgBvAGYAMQA5ADkAMAAuAHAAZABmAA8AGgAMAE0AYQBjAGkAbgB0AG8AcwBoACAASABEABIAW1VzZXJzL2NoYWQvRG9jdW1lbnRzL0Ryb3Bib3gvcHJvZmVzc2lvbmFsL3Jlc2VhcmNoL2xpYnJhcnkvcmVwb3NpdG9yeS9BbGwvU2thUG9wUm9mMTk5MC5wZGYAABMAAS8AABUAAgAL//8AAIAF0hwdHh9YJGNsYXNzZXNaJGNsYXNzbmFtZaMfICFdTlNNdXRhYmxlRGF0YVZOU0RhdGFYTlNPYmplY3RfEFMuLi9Eb2N1bWVudHMvRHJvcGJveC9wcm9mZXNzaW9uYWwvcmVzZWFyY2gvbGlicmFyeS9yZXBvc2l0b3J5L0FsbC9Ta2FQb3BSb2YxOTkwLnBkZtIcHSQloiUhXE5TRGljdGlvbmFyeRIAAYagXxAPTlNLZXllZEFyY2hpdmVyAAgAEQAWAB8AKAAyADUAOgA8AEUASwBSAF0AZQBsAG8AcQBzAHYAeAB6AHwAhgCTAJgAoAKkAqYCqwK0Ar8CwwLRAtgC4QM3AzwDPwNMA1EAAAAAAAACAQAAAAAAAAAoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADYw==}} @article{RoeSim1994, Abstract = {The time-course of behavioural phase change was investigated in nymphs of Schistocerca gregaria, using logistic regression analysis of behaviour recorded in a standard assay. Gregarization occurred very rapidly. Solitary-reared nymphs became markedly gregarious in behaviour within 1-4h of being placed in a crowd. These insects re-solitarized equally quickly if removed from the crowd. Crowd-reared locusts also solitarized within 1-4h, but this effect was not complete. Results indicate that, while behavioural gregarization is maximal within a few hours of crowding, solitarization is a two-stage process, changing rapidly at first, then more slowly as a function of the period of previous crowding.}, Address = {OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL}, Author = {Roessingh, P and Simpson, S. J.}, Date-Added = {2009-10-06 11:59:20 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-11-12 16:00:33 -0600}, Isi = {A1994PE67700004}, Isi-Recid = {88393333}, Isi-Ref-Recids = {83850162 88393334 7228379 13313717 2723800 83288106 78734132 23860411 48578752 67757138 88393335 88393336 46034 83288104 15359538 12381583}, Journal = {Physiol. Entomol.}, Keywords = {SCHISTOCERCA-GREGARIA; LOCUST; PHASE; GREGARIZATION}, Month = sep, Number = {3}, Pages = {191-197}, Publisher = {BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD}, Times-Cited = {37}, Title = {THE TIME-COURSE OF BEHAVIORAL PHASE-CHANGE IN NYMPHS OF THE DESERT LOCUST, SCHISTOCERCA-GREGARIA}, Volume = {19}, Year = {1994}, Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://gateway.isiknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=WOS&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=A1994PE67700004}} @article{HolChe1996, Abstract = {Desert locust population dynamics were modelled using the logistic equation with switches in r and K to mimic phase changes. An earlier model with stepwise switches of reproductive rates was modified to include switches of carrying capacity, dependent on population density and random environmental variation. This model reproduced the bi-stable pattern of plagues and recessions found in observed records. The mean duration and variance of plague lengths was dependent on parameter values, with lower values of both when the rates of reproduction were high enough to induce chaotic dynamics, A second family of models was explored in which the phase changes are treated as a catastrophic process governed by a cusp catastrophe function. Although it was necessary to constrain the models to prevent negative population values, these models also successfully reproduced the general pattern observed in nature, provided the parameters were held within limits and there was adequate environmental variation.}, Address = {PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}, Author = {Holt, J and Cheke, RA}, Date-Added = {2009-09-21 11:24:46 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-11-12 15:59:02 -0600}, Isi = {A1996VL66400009}, Isi-Recid = {97740690}, Isi-Ref-Recids = {83850162 97740691 35015843 97740692 64116095 97740693 97740694 76944296 46020 83288104 88393333 28284430 72990593 78599624 12381583 36476100 94814125 27507972}, Journal = {Ecol. Model.}, Keywords = {locust; phase; population dynamics; logistic equation; catastrophe theory; chaos}, Month = nov, Number = {1-3}, Pages = {131-137}, Publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}, Times-Cited = {7}, Title = {Models of desert locust phase changes}, Volume = {91}, Year = {1996}, Bdsk-File-1 = {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}} @techreport{Jof1997, Author = {Joffe, S. R.}, Date-Added = {2009-09-10 08:39:48 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-09-11 21:29:58 -0500}, Institution = {United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization}, Number = {AGP/DL/TS/27}, Title = {Economic and Policy Issues in Desert Locust Management: A Preliminary Analysis}, Type = {Desert Locust Technical Series}, Year = {1997}} @article{EdeWatGru1998, Author = {Edelstein-Keshet, L. and Watmough, J. and Gr{\"{u}}nbaum, D.}, Date-Added = {2009-09-10 08:39:48 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-09-11 21:29:58 -0500}, Journal = {J. Math. Bio.}, Month = {Jun.}, Number = {6}, Pages = {515-549}, Title = {Do Travelling Band Solutions Describe Cohesive Swarms? {A}n Investigation for Migratory Locusts}, Volume = {36}, Year = {1998}, Bdsk-File-1 = {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}} @article{ColDesSim1998, Author = {Collett, M. and Despland, E. and Simpson, S. J. and Krakauer, D. C.}, Date-Added = {2009-09-10 08:39:48 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-09-11 21:29:57 -0500}, Journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.}, Month = {Oct.}, Number = {22}, Pages = {13052-13055}, Title = {Spatial Scales of Desert Locust Gregarization}, Volume = {95}, Year = {1998}, Bdsk-File-1 = {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}} @article{AppHei1999, Abstract = {Insects respond to crowding in a variety of ways that are usually exemplified by rapid changes in behavior and culminate in enduring long-term morphological and/or chromatic responses. A common feature of both short-term and long-term effects is that they are graded, dependent not only on density but also on the duration and on phase history of the maternal generation. Because of their exoskeletons, which are persistent for the duration of each instar and endure throughout adult life, overt changes in morphology or coloration are restricted to the molting period and shortly afterward, when cuticular hardening and pigmentation are expressed. Changes in internal organs or metabolism elicited by population density, being independent of integumental constraints, are not restricted to the molting period, but the temporal difference between internal and external responses is not of fundamental significance. Intraspecific responses to the presence of sibling insects are of apparent ecological significance and often involve directional movement and/or migration. They are mediated via the sensory system, involve signal transduction, and elicit downstream biochemical and physiological changes.}, Author = {Applebaum, S W and Heifetz, Y}, Date-Added = {2009-09-21 12:19:14 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-11-12 15:57:54 -0600}, Doi = {10.1146/annurev.ento.44.1.317}, Journal = {Ann. Rev. Entomol.}, Journal-Full = {Annual review of entomology}, Keywords = {locust}, Pages = {317-41}, Pmid = {15012376}, Title = {Density-dependent physiological phase in insects}, Volume = {44}, Year = {1999}, Bdsk-File-1 = {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}} @article{SimMcCHag1999, Author = {Simpson, S. J. and McCaffery, A. R. and H{\"{a}}gele, B. F.}, Date-Added = {2009-09-10 08:39:48 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-09-11 21:29:58 -0500}, Journal = {Biol. Rev.}, Month = {Nov.}, Number = {4}, Pages = {461-480}, Title = {A Behavioral Analysis of Phase Change in the Desert Locust}, Volume = {74}, Year = {1999}, Bdsk-File-1 = {YnBsaXN0MDDUAQIDBAUIJidUJHRvcFgkb2JqZWN0c1gkdmVyc2lvblkkYXJjaGl2ZXLRBgdUcm9vdIABqAkKFRYXGyIjVSRudWxs0wsMDQ4RFFpOUy5vYmplY3RzV05TLmtleXNWJGNsYXNzog8QgASABqISE4ACgAOAB1lhbGlhc0RhdGFccmVsYXRpdmVQYXRo0hgNGRpXTlMuZGF0YU8RAfAAAAAAAfAAAgAADE1hY2ludG9zaCBIRAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMgGb8tIKwAAAC1Lug1TaW1NY0NIYWcxOTk5AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAALbsQxsMtnVBERiBDQVJPAAEACAAACSAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADQWxsAAAQAAgAAMgGthsAAAARAAgAAMbDc+0AAAABACQALUu6AC1LuQAtScYALUW1AC1FsQAtRakACEpLAAhKPgAAkj8AAgBkTWFjaW50b3NoIEhEOlVzZXJzOmNoYWQ6RG9jdW1lbnRzOkRyb3Bib3g6UHJvZmVzc2lvbmFsOlJlc2VhcmNoOmxpYnJhcnk6cmVwb3NpdG9yeTpBbGw6U2ltTWNDSGFnMTk5OQAOABwADQBTAGkAbQBNAGMAQwBIAGEAZwAxADkAOQA5AA8AGgAMAE0AYQBjAGkAbgB0AG8AcwBoACAASABEABIAV1VzZXJzL2NoYWQvRG9jdW1lbnRzL0Ryb3Bib3gvcHJvZmVzc2lvbmFsL3Jlc2VhcmNoL2xpYnJhcnkvcmVwb3NpdG9yeS9BbGwvU2ltTWNDSGFnMTk5OQAAEwABLwAAFQACAAv//wAAgAXSHB0eH1gkY2xhc3Nlc1okY2xhc3NuYW1lox8gIV1OU011dGFibGVEYXRhVk5TRGF0YVhOU09iamVjdF8QTy4uL0RvY3VtZW50cy9Ecm9wYm94L3Byb2Zlc3Npb25hbC9yZXNlYXJjaC9saWJyYXJ5L3JlcG9zaXRvcnkvQWxsL1NpbU1jQ0hhZzE5OTnSHB0kJaIlIVxOU0RpY3Rpb25hcnkSAAGGoF8QD05TS2V5ZWRBcmNoaXZlcgAIABEAFgAfACgAMgA1ADoAPABFAEsAUgBdAGUAbABvAHEAcwB2AHgAegB8AIYAkwCYAKAClAKWApsCpAKvArMCwQLIAtEDIwMoAysDOAM9AAAAAAAAAgEAAAAAAAAAKAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA08=}} @article{DesSim2000, Abstract = {Desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria Forskal (Orthoptera: Acrididae)) change phase in response to population density. Solitarious insects avoid one another; when crowded, they shift to the gregarious phase and aggregate. Laboratory experiments and individual-based modelling have shown that small-scale resource distribution can affect locust phase state via an influence on crowding. Laboratory work has also shown that parental phase state is transmitted to offspring via maternal inheritance. These effects had not been investigated in the field previously. We maintained small populations of adult desert locusts in semi-field enclosures with different distribution patterns of a single plant species (Hyoscyamus muticus L. (Solanaceae)). The offspring of locusts exposed to more clumped patterns of vegetation exhibited more gregarious behaviour when tested in a behavioural phase assay than did progeny from parents left in enclosures with more scattered vegetation. These effects on nymphal behaviour appeared to be mediated by influences of resource distribution on adult phase state. Phase state in small semi-field populations was influenced by small-scale vegetation distribution. Phase differences engendered by environmental structure were maintained in time and transmitted to progeny.}, Address = {P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND}, Author = {Despland, E and Simpson, SJ}, Date-Added = {2009-09-21 12:16:12 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-11-12 15:59:29 -0600}, Isi = {000085595300010}, Isi-Recid = {114016846}, Isi-Ref-Recids = {98780082 93810963 114016847 107609579 113333647 78957773 114016848 114016849 114016850 114016851 114016852 114016853 7228379 1111619 102054046 97685080 42513238 86390717 88018550 46034 51277746 104224633 106155730 83288108 114016854 114016855 88393333 106475547 83288104 15359538 112559860 36699933 8600964}, Journal = {Physiol. Entomol.}, Keywords = {epigenetic; gregarization; locust; maternal inheritance; Schistocerca gregaria; spatial pattern; vegetation distribution phase change}, Month = mar, Number = {1}, Pages = {74-81}, Publisher = {BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD}, Times-Cited = {15}, Title = {Small-scale vegetation patterns in the parental environment influence the phase state of hatchlings of the desert locust}, Volume = {25}, Year = {2000}, Bdsk-File-1 = {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}} @article{DesSim2000b, Abstract = {The behaviour of herbivorous insects is influenced by their nutritional state. Nutrition-induced behavioural changes are often interpreted as adaptive mechanisms for controlling nutrient intake; however, their influence on other life history traits has received far less attention. We investigated the effect of food quality and distribution on the behaviour and phase state of desert locusts, Schistocerca gregaria Forskal (Orthoptera, Acrididae), which change from the 'solitarious' to the 'gregarious' phase in response to population density. Phase change involves many morphological, physiological and behavioural changes. Solitarious insects are cryptic whereas gregarious locusts aggregate. Individual phase change is stimulated by mechanical contact with other locusts. A clumped resource distribution promotes change to the gregarious phase by increasing crowding and contact between individuals. In this study, we found that the effect of food distribution on locust phase depended on the nutritional quality of the food. We used three synthetic food treatments: near optimal, dilute and a choice of two unbalanced but complementary foods. Clumped resource distribution led to increased gregarization in the dilute and the complementary diet treatments. This effect was particularly pronounced on the complementary foods, owing to the interaction of crowding and locomotion. Gregarization was most pronounced in the dilute diet treatment, owing to increased activity. These diet-induced effects are explained in terms of behavioural changes in locomotion, quiescence and feeding that are consistent with what is known from earlier work on locust feeding behaviour and behavioural phase change. (C) 2000 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.}, Address = {24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND}, Author = {Despland, E and Simpson, SJ}, Date-Added = {2009-10-19 14:06:41 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-10-19 14:07:26 -0500}, Isi = {000086429400021}, Isi-Recid = {114499127}, Isi-Ref-Recids = {62414322 65305625 31005356 97003227 71236930 39375642 98780082 114016847 114499128 114499129 107609579 113333647 114499130 114499131 114499132 114499133 114499134 7228379 114499135 97685080 86771203 52430267 46034 8239499 52890738 92043152 114499136 98284675 84484514 83288108 106155730 114016855 114016854 114499137 83618684 83288104 106475547 15359538 90880419 77534164 98360646 76280131 57981227 85760660 114499138 114499139 97135640 112559860 36699933 114499140}, Journal = {Animal Behaviour}, Month = mar, Pages = {643-652}, Publisher = {ACADEMIC PRESS LTD}, Times-Cited = {14}, Title = {The role of food distribution and nutritional quality in behavioural phase change in the desert locust}, Volume = {59}, Year = {2000}, Bdsk-File-1 = {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}} @article{DesColSim2000, Abstract = {Desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria) change phase in response to population density: 'solitarious' insects avoid one another, but when crowded they shift to the gregarious phase and aggregate. This individual-level process is the basis for population-level responses that may ultimately include swarm formation. We have recently developed an individual-based model of locust behavior in which contagious resource distribution leads to phase change. This model shows how population gregarization can result from simple processes operating at the individual level. In the present study, we performed a series of laboratory experiments in which vegetation pattern and locust phase stale were assigned quantitative, measurable indices. The pattern of distribution of the resource was represented via fractal dimension; the phase slate was evaluated using a behavioral assay based on logistic regression analysis. Locusts were exposed to different patterns of food resource in an artificial arena, after which their behavioral phase state was assayed. These experiments showed that when the distribution of the vegetation was patchy, locusts were more active, experienced higher levels of crowding, and became more gregarious. These results are consistent with simulation predictions and held observations, and demonstrate that small-scale vegetation distribution influences individual behavior and phase state and plays a role in population-level responses.}, Address = {35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK}, Author = {Despland, E and Collett, M and Simpson, SJ}, Date-Added = {2009-09-21 12:14:33 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-09-21 12:14:33 -0500}, Isi = {000085813300022}, Isi-Recid = {114096730}, Isi-Ref-Recids = {114096731 93810963 98780082 76234249 83850162 114096732 114096733 43789806 114096734 114096735 12315215 7228379 8834456 13313716 53395546 114096736 73164590 86039133 67319393 114096737 46034 8239499 58715685 114096738 114096739 51277746 100819726 83288108 114096740 94814115 106475547 88393333 83288104 94814120 15359538 82262705 72152314 93774522 97595162 114096742 114096743 28500228}, Journal = {Oikos}, Month = mar, Number = {3}, Pages = {652-662}, Publisher = {MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD}, Times-Cited = {25}, Title = {Small-scale processes in desert locust swarm formation: how vegetation patterns influence gregarization}, Volume = {88}, Year = {2000}, Bdsk-File-1 = {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}} @article{SimDesHag2001, Author = {Simpson, S. J. and Despland, E. and H{\"{a}}gele, B. F. and Dodgson, T.}, Date-Added = {2009-09-10 08:39:48 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-09-11 21:29:58 -0500}, Journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.}, Month = {Mar.}, Number = {7}, Pages = {3895-3897}, Title = {Gregarious Behavior in Desert Locusts is Evoked by Touching their Back Legs}, Volume = {98}, Year = {2001}, Bdsk-File-1 = {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}} @article{WilThoBla2002, Author = {Wilson, K. and Thomas, M. B. and Blanford, S. and Doggett, M. and Simpson, S. J. and Moore, S. J.}, Date-Added = {2009-09-10 08:39:48 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-09-11 21:29:58 -0500}, Journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.}, Month = {Apr.}, Number = {8}, Pages = {5471-5475}, Title = {Coping With Crowds: Density-Dependent Disease Resistance in Desert Locusts}, Volume = {99}, Year = {2002}, Bdsk-File-1 = {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}} @article{RogMatDes2003, Abstract = {Desert locusts show an extreme form of phenotypic plasticity, changing between a cryptic solitarious phase and a swarming gregarious phase that differ in many aspects of behaviour, physiology and appearance. Solitarious locusts show rapid behavioural phase change in response to tactile stimulation directed to the hind femora. Repeatedly touching as little as one quarter of the anterior (outer) surface area of a hind femur produced full behavioural gregarization within 4 h. Solitarious locusts have approximately 30\% more mechanosensory trichoid sensilla on the hind femora than do gregarious locusts but have similar or fewer numbers of sensilla elsewhere on the legs. Tactile stimulation of a hind femur in solitarious locusts that had been restrained so that they could not move their legs failed to induce any behavioural gregarization. Patterned electrical stimulation of metathoracic nerve 5, which innervates the hind leg, however, produced full gregarization in restrained locusts. Our data show for the first time that the gregarizing signal combines both exteroceptive and proprioceptive components, which travel in both nerves 5B1 and 5B2, and provides us with a powerful experimental method with which to elicit and study neuronal plasticity in this system. Acetic acid odour, a strong chemosensory stimulus that activates the same local processing pathways as exteroceptive stimuli, failed to elicit behavioural gregarization, suggesting an early segregation in the central nervous system of the mechanosensory signals that leads to gregarization.}, Address = {BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND}, Author = {Rogers, SM and Matheson, T and Despland, E and Dodgson, T and Burrows, M and Simpson, SJ}, Date-Added = {2009-09-21 12:12:37 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-11-12 15:58:36 -0600}, Doi = {DOI 10.1242/jeb.00648}, Isi = {000187393800017}, Isi-Recid = {132514008}, Isi-Ref-Recids = {108782812 33030456 93810963 46872876 42636342 56303830 87057394 119370436 6527706 13313717 23860411 53224237 117023897 31380781 42636350 65339939 67451517 66703737 92311244 76066467 74850128 107225586 73574835 86891745 113121191 116062507 83288108 83288104 88393333 106475547 126384077 58613028 112559860 119370435 15111292 13315357 35975970}, Journal = {J. Exp. Bio.}, Keywords = {phenotypic plasticity; phase transition; exteroception; proprioception; solitary; solitarious; gregarious; grasshopper; Schistocerca gregaria}, Month = nov, Number = {22}, Pages = {3991-4002}, Publisher = {COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD}, Times-Cited = {14}, Title = {Mechanosensory-induced behavioural gregarization in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria}, Volume = {206}, Year = {2003}, Bdsk-File-1 = {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}} @article{Bel2005, Address = {45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA}, Author = {Bell, M}, Date-Added = {2009-09-23 15:26:01 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-11-13 09:41:35 -0600}, Isi = {000230153400025}, Isi-Recid = {145032762}, Journal = {Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc.}, Month = jun, Number = {6}, Pages = {S60}, Publisher = {AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC}, Times-Cited = {1}, Title = {The 2004 desert locust outbreak}, Volume = {86}, Year = {2005}, Bdsk-File-1 = {YnBsaXN0MDDUAQIDBAUIJidUJHRvcFgkb2JqZWN0c1gkdmVyc2lvblkkYXJjaGl2ZXLRBgdUcm9vdIABqAkKFRYXGyIjVSRudWxs0wsMDQ4RFFpOUy5vYmplY3RzV05TLmtleXNWJGNsYXNzog8QgASABqISE4ACgAOAB1lhbGlhc0RhdGFccmVsYXRpdmVQYXRo0hgNGRpXTlMuZGF0YU8RAdgAAAAAAdgAAgAADE1hY2ludG9zaCBIRAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMgGb8tIKwAAAC1LugdCZWwyMDA1AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAALb4Cxt/uZFBERiBDQVJPAAEACAAACSAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADQWxsAAAQAAgAAMgGthsAAAARAAgAAMbgNLQAAAABACQALUu6AC1LuQAtScYALUW1AC1FsQAtRakACEpLAAhKPgAAkj8AAgBeTWFjaW50b3NoIEhEOlVzZXJzOmNoYWQ6RG9jdW1lbnRzOkRyb3Bib3g6UHJvZmVzc2lvbmFsOlJlc2VhcmNoOmxpYnJhcnk6cmVwb3NpdG9yeTpBbGw6QmVsMjAwNQAOABAABwBCAGUAbAAyADAAMAA1AA8AGgAMAE0AYQBjAGkAbgB0AG8AcwBoACAASABEABIAUVVzZXJzL2NoYWQvRG9jdW1lbnRzL0Ryb3Bib3gvcHJvZmVzc2lvbmFsL3Jlc2VhcmNoL2xpYnJhcnkvcmVwb3NpdG9yeS9BbGwvQmVsMjAwNQAAEwABLwAAFQACAAv//wAAgAXSHB0eH1gkY2xhc3Nlc1okY2xhc3NuYW1lox8gIV1OU011dGFibGVEYXRhVk5TRGF0YVhOU09iamVjdF8QSS4uL0RvY3VtZW50cy9Ecm9wYm94L3Byb2Zlc3Npb25hbC9yZXNlYXJjaC9saWJyYXJ5L3JlcG9zaXRvcnkvQWxsL0JlbDIwMDXSHB0kJaIlIVxOU0RpY3Rpb25hcnkSAAGGoF8QD05TS2V5ZWRBcmNoaXZlcgAIABEAFgAfACgAMgA1ADoAPABFAEsAUgBdAGUAbABvAHEAcwB2AHgAegB8AIYAkwCYAKACfAJ+AoMCjAKXApsCqQKwArkDBQMKAw0DGgMfAAAAAAAAAgEAAAAAAAAAKAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAzE=}} @techreport{BraDjiFay2006, Author = {Brader, L. and Djibo, H. and Faye, F. G. and Ghaout, S. and Lazar, M. and Luzietoso, P. N. and Ould Babah, M. A.}, Date-Added = {2009-10-06 10:18:20 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-10-06 10:22:13 -0500}, Institution = {United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization}, Keywords = {locust}, Month = {April}, Title = {Towards a More Effective Response to Desert Locusts and their Impacts on Food Security, Livelihoods and Poverty: Multilateral Evaluation of the 2003--05 Desert Locust Campaign}, Year = {2006}, Bdsk-File-1 = {YnBsaXN0MDDUAQIDBAUIJidUJHRvcFgkb2JqZWN0c1gkdmVyc2lvblkkYXJjaGl2ZXLRBgdUcm9vdIABqAkKFRYXGyIjVSRudWxs0wsMDQ4RFFpOUy5vYmplY3RzV05TLmtleXNWJGNsYXNzog8QgASABqISE4ACgAOAB1lhbGlhc0RhdGFccmVsYXRpdmVQYXRo0hgNGRpXTlMuZGF0YU8RAgAAAAAAAgAAAgAADE1hY2ludG9zaCBIRAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMgGb8tIKwAAAC1LuhFCcmFEamlGYXkyMDA2LnBkZgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAALcWtxu9fAQAAAAAAAAAAAAEACAAACSAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADQWxsAAAQAAgAAMgGthsAAAARAAgAAMbvpVEAAAABACQALUu6AC1LuQAtScYALUW1AC1FsQAtRakACEpLAAhKPgAAkj8AAgBoTWFjaW50b3NoIEhEOlVzZXJzOmNoYWQ6RG9jdW1lbnRzOkRyb3Bib3g6UHJvZmVzc2lvbmFsOlJlc2VhcmNoOmxpYnJhcnk6cmVwb3NpdG9yeTpBbGw6QnJhRGppRmF5MjAwNi5wZGYADgAkABEAQgByAGEARABqAGkARgBhAHkAMgAwADAANgAuAHAAZABmAA8AGgAMAE0AYQBjAGkAbgB0AG8AcwBoACAASABEABIAW1VzZXJzL2NoYWQvRG9jdW1lbnRzL0Ryb3Bib3gvcHJvZmVzc2lvbmFsL3Jlc2VhcmNoL2xpYnJhcnkvcmVwb3NpdG9yeS9BbGwvQnJhRGppRmF5MjAwNi5wZGYAABMAAS8AABUAAgAL//8AAIAF0hwdHh9YJGNsYXNzZXNaJGNsYXNzbmFtZaMfICFdTlNNdXRhYmxlRGF0YVZOU0RhdGFYTlNPYmplY3RfEFMuLi9Eb2N1bWVudHMvRHJvcGJveC9wcm9mZXNzaW9uYWwvcmVzZWFyY2gvbGlicmFyeS9yZXBvc2l0b3J5L0FsbC9CcmFEamlGYXkyMDA2LnBkZtIcHSQloiUhXE5TRGljdGlvbmFyeRIAAYagXxAPTlNLZXllZEFyY2hpdmVyAAgAEQAWAB8AKAAyADUAOgA8AEUASwBSAF0AZQBsAG8AcQBzAHYAeAB6AHwAhgCTAJgAoAKkAqYCqwK0Ar8CwwLRAtgC4QM3AzwDPwNMA1EAAAAAAAACAQAAAAAAAAAoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADYw==}} @article{BuhSumCou2006, Author = {Buhl, J. and Sumpter, D. J.T. and Couzin, I. D. and Hale, J. J. and Despland, E. and Miller, E. R. and Simpson, S. J.}, Date-Added = {2009-09-10 08:39:48 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-09-11 21:29:57 -0500}, Journal = {Science}, Month = {Jun.}, Pages = {1402-1406}, Title = {From Disorder to Order in Marching Locusts}, Volume = {312}, Year = {2006}, Bdsk-File-1 = {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}} @article{TopBerLog2008, Abstract = {We construct an individual-based kinematic model of rolling migratory locust swarms. The model incorporates social interactions, gravity, wind, and the effect of the impenetrable boundary formed by the ground. We study the model using numerical simulations and tools from statistical mechanics, namely the notion of H-stability. For a free-space swarm (no wind and gravity), as the number of locusts increases, the group approaches a crystalline lattice of fixed density if it is H-stable, and in contrast becomes ever denser if it is catastrophic. Numerical simulations suggest that whether or not a swarm rolls depends on the statistical mechanical properties of the corresponding free-space swarm. For a swarm that is H-stable in free space, gravity causes the group to land and form a crystalline lattice. Wind, in turn, smears the swarm out along the ground until all individuals are stationary. In contrast, for a swarm that is catastrophic in free space, gravity causes the group to land and form a bubble-like shape. In the presence of wind, the swarm migrates with a rolling motion similar to natural locust swarms. The rolling structure is similar to that observed by biologists, and includes a takeoff zone, a landing zone, and a stationary zone where grounded locusts can rest and feed.}, Address = {LES ULIS CEDEX A}, Af = {Topaz, C. M. Bernoff, A. J. Logan, S. Toolson, W.}, Author = {Topaz, C. M. and Bernoff, A. J. and Logan, S. and Toolson, W.}, Author-Address = {Macalester Coll, Dept Math & Comp Sci, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Math, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Engn, Claremont, CA 91711 USA.}, Cited-Reference-Count = {56}, Cited-References = {ALBRECHT FO, 1967, POLYMORPHISME PHASAI;ALDANA M, 2003, J STAT PHYS, V112, P135;ALT W, 1985, NONLINEAR ANAL-THEOR, V9, P811;BEECHAM JA, 1999, J THEOR BIOL, V198, P533;BERNOFF AJ, 2007, PREPRINT;BRESSLOFF PC, 2004, SIAM J APPL MATH, V64, P1668, DOI;10.1137/S0036139903436017;BUHL J, 2006, SCIENCE, V312, P1402, DOI 10.1126/science.1125142;CHUANG YL, 2007, PREPRINT;COLLETT M, 1998, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V95, P13052;COUZIN ID, 2002, J THEOR BIOL, V218, P1, DOI 10.1006/yjtbi.3065;DORSOGNA MR, 2006, PHYS REV LETT, V96, ARTN 104302;EBELING W, 2003, COMPLEXITY, V8, P23;EDELSTEINKESHET L, 1998, J MATH BIOL, V36, P515;EFTIMIE R, 2007, B MATH BIOL, V69, P1537, DOI 10.1007/s11538-006-9175-8;ERDMANN U, 2002, PHYS REV E 1, V65, ARTN 061106;ERDMANN U, 2003, FLUCT NOISE LETT, V3, L145;ERDMANN U, 2005, PHYS REV E 1, V71, ARTN 051904;FLIERL G, 1999, J THEOR BIOL, V196, P397;GREGOIRE G, 2001, PHYS REV E 1, V64, ARTN 011902;GREGOIRE G, 2003, PHYSICA D, V181, P157, DOI;10.1016/S0167-2789(03)00102-7;GREGOIRE G, 2004, PHYS REV LETT, V92, ARTN 025702;GRUNBAUM D, 1994, LECT NOTES BIOMATH, V100, P296;HOSONO Y, 1989, SIAM J MATH ANAL, V20, P845;IKEDA T, 1984, P JPN ACAD A-MATH, V60, P46;IKEDA T, 1985, JPN J APPL MATH, V2, P111;IKEDA T, 1987, JPN J APPL MATH, V4, P73;JOFFE SR, 1997, DESERT LOCUST TECHNI;KAWASAKI K, 1978, MATH SCI, V16, P47;KENNEDY JS, 1951, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V235, P163;KOMIN N, 2004, FLUCT NOISE LETT, V4, L151;LEVINE H, 2001, PHYS REV E 2, V63, ARTN 017101;MIMURA M, 1982, ADV BIOPHYS, V15, P19;MOGILNER A, 1999, J MATH BIOL, V38, P534;MOGILNER A, 2003, J MATH BIOL, V47, P353, DOI 10.1007/s00285-003-0209-7;OKUBO A, 1977, B JPN SOC SCI FISH, V9, P1369;OKUBO A, 1980, DIFFUSION ECOLOGICAL;OKUBO A, 2001, INTERD APPL, V14, P197;PARRISH JK, 2002, BIOL BULL, V202, P296;PASSO RD, 1984, J MATH BIO, V20, P103;RAINEY RC, 1989, MIGRATION METEOROLOG;RUELLE D, 1969, STAT MECH RIGOROUS R;SAKAI S, 1973, BIOPHYSICS-USSR, V13, P82;SATSUMA J, 1985, J PHYS SOC JPN, V54, P894;SCHIMANSKYGEIER L, 2005, ACTA PHYS POL B, V36, P1757;SCHWEITZER F, 2001, PHYS REV E 1, V64, ARTN 021110;SIMHA R, 2002, PHYS REV LETT, V89, P4, UNSP 028181.1;SIMHA RA, 2002, PHYSICA A, V306, P262;SIMPSON SJ, 2001, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V98, P3895;SUZUKI R, 1973, BIOPHYSICS-USSR, V13, P281;TILMAN D, 1998, SPATIAL ECOLOGY ROLE;TONER J, 1998, PHYS REV E, V58, P4828;TOPAZ CM, 2004, SIAM J APPL MATH, V65, P152, DOI;10.1137/S0036139903437424;TOPAZ CM, 2006, B MATH BIOL, V68, P1601, DOI 10.1007/s11538-006-9088-6;TYUTYUNOV Y, 2004, AM NAT, V164, P722;UVAROV B, 1977, GRASSHOPPERS LOCUSTS, V2;VICSEK T, 1995, PHYS REV LETT, V75, P1226}, Date = {APR}, Date-Added = {2009-09-10 08:39:48 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-09-11 21:29:58 -0500}, Document-Type = {Article}, E-Mail-Address = {ctopaz@macalester.edu}, Isi = {ISI:000255258800009}, Isi-Document-Delivery-Number = {292ID}, Iso-Source-Abbreviation = {Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top.}, Issn = {1951-6355}, Journal = {Euro. Phys. J. ST}, Keywords = {DEGENERATE DIFFUSION-EQUATIONS; BROWNIAN PARTICLES; AGGREGATION; INDIVIDUALS; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR; SCHOOLS; SYSTEMS; MOTION}, Language = {English}, Month = {Apr}, Page-Count = {17}, Pages = {93--109}, Publication-Type = {J}, Publisher = {EDP SCIENCES S A}, Publisher-Address = {17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE}, Reprint-Address = {Topaz, CM, Macalester Coll, Dept Math & Comp Sci, St Paul, MN 55105 USA.}, Source = {EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP}, Subject-Category = {Physics, Multidisciplinary}, Times-Cited = {0}, Title = {A model for rolling swarms of locusts}, Volume = {157}, Year = {2008}, Bdsk-File-1 = {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}} @article{AnsRogOtt2009, Abstract = {Desert locusts, Schistocerca gregaria, show extreme phenotypic plasticity, transforming between a little- seen solitarious phase and the notorious swarming gregarious phase depending on population density. An essential tipping point in the process of swarm formation is the initial switch from strong mutual aversion in solitarious locusts to coherent group formation and greater activity in gregarious locusts. We show here that serotonin, an evolutionarily conserved mediator of neuronal plasticity, is responsible for this behavioral transformation, being both necessary if behavioral gregarization is to occur and sufficient to induce it. Our data demonstrate a neurochemical mechanism linking interactions between individuals to large- scale changes in population structure and the onset of mass migration.}, Address = {1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA}, Author = {Anstey, Michael L. and Rogers, Stephen M. and Ott, Swidbert R. and Burrows, Malcolm and Simpson, Stephen J.}, Date-Added = {2009-09-22 13:04:22 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-09-22 13:04:22 -0500}, Doi = {DOI 10.1126/science.1165939}, Isi = {000262862800041}, Isi-Recid = {175929424}, Isi-Ref-Recids = {162584097 150386996 91579456 137301535 135668225 130459946 113727365 100678063 132582622 158911788 131915085 25101748 91138504 106155730 129391470 106475547 83288104 137048271 132514008 119370435 112559860 66336570 159671956 114726427 110544594 119701696 53055052 127670713 41131165 127119316}, Journal = {Science}, Month = jan, Number = {5914}, Pages = {627-630}, Publisher = {AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE}, Times-Cited = {2}, Title = {Serotonin Mediates Behavioral Gregarization Underlying Swarm Formation in Desert Locusts}, Volume = {323}, Year = {2009}, Bdsk-File-1 = {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}} @article{ReySwoSim2009, Abstract = {Apart from being notorious outbreak pests, locusts are of interest because of their expression of density-dependent "phase polyphenism." In this remarkable form of phenotypic plasticity, changes in local population density generate distinct solitarious and gregarious phases that differ in behavior, physiology, and appearance [1, 2]. A hallmark of phase polyphenism in outbreak species is the transition from solitary living to group formation and subsequent mass movement in migratory bands or swarms, yet there has been no convincing general explanation for the evolution of these density-dependent switches in spatial distribution. Using a model from "percolation theory" [3], we show that it would be highly detrimental for locust individuals to continue indefinitely in a dispersed spatial distribution as their population densities increase. Switching to an extremely clumped distribution is advantageous because it disrupts the connectivity of predators' food-patch networks. Thus, selection pressure from predators has probably been an important factor underlying the initial evolution of conditional switches between "dispersed" and strongly aggregative behavior, which will also affect outbreak dynamics. Although group formation is the best alternative for high-density populations, it brings its own set of severe problems, resulting in secondary selection for many of the traits seen in gregarious-phase individuals [4-6].}, Address = {600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA}, Author = {Reynolds, Andy M. and Sword, Gregory A. and Simpson, Stephen J. and Reynolds, Don R.}, Date-Added = {2009-10-19 14:10:36 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-10-19 14:10:36 -0500}, Doi = {DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.070}, Isi = {000262584100023}, Isi-Recid = {175858843}, Isi-Ref-Recids = {142127014 175858869 64503769 150386996 35015843 107609579 172002199 134645872 144881947 142639834 114096730 114016846 142779444 78734132 33933847 134140317 11527644 19816060 126937841 175858870 119285508 162290145 149555676 142639817 113333646 108506238 175858871 142849542 59978531 12381583 126308146 133708230 160693495 124478048 128368753}, Journal = {Current Biology}, Month = jan, Number = {1}, Pages = {20-24}, Publisher = {CELL PRESS}, Times-Cited = {1}, Title = {Predator Percolation, Insect Outbreaks, and Phase Polyphenism}, Volume = {19}, Year = {2009}, Bdsk-File-1 = {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}} @article{PenSim2009, Annote = {Use this article to help with locust background for NSF RUI proposal 2009. Most useful pages (numbers correspond to .pdf file): 4 - 16, 167 - 178, 199 - 207, 215 - 275}, Author = {Pener, Meir Paul and Simpson, Stephen J.}, Date-Added = {2009-09-22 13:02:24 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2009-11-12 15:58:15 -0600}, Doi = {DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2806(08)36001-9}, Editor = {Simpson, S. J. and Casas, J.}, Issn = {0065-2806}, Journal = {Adv. Insect Physiol.}, Pages = {1 - 272}, Publisher = {Academic Press}, Series = {Advances in Insect Physiology}, Title = {Locust Phase Polyphenism: An Update}, Volume = {36}, Year = {2009}, Bdsk-File-1 = {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}} @unpublished{EscYatBuh2010, Abstract = {We obtain a Fokker-Planck equation describing experimental data on the collective motion of locusts. The noise is of internal origin and due to the discrete character and finite number of constituents of the swarm. The stationary probability distribution shows a rich phenomenology including non-monotonic behavior of several order/disorder transition indicators in noise intensity. This complex behavior arises naturally as a result of the randomness in the system. Its counterintuitive character challenges standard interpretations of noise induced transitions and calls for an extension of this theory in order to capture the behavior of certain classes of biologically motivated models. Our results suggest that the collective switches of the group's direction of motion might be due to a random ergodic effect and, as such, they are inherent to group formation.}, Author = {Escudero, Carlos and Yates, Christian A. and Buhl, Jerome and Couzin, Iain D. and Erban, Radek and Kevrekidis, Ioannis G. and Maini, Philip K.}, Date-Added = {2010-08-03 05:00:52 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2010-08-03 05:01:25 -0500}, Keywords = {locust swarm experiment experimental data}, Title = {Ergodic directional switching in mobile insect groups}, Year = {2010}, Bdsk-File-1 = {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}} @article{BerTop2011, Abstract = {{We study equilibrium configurations of swarming biological organisms subject to exogenous and pairwise endogenous forces. Beginning with a discrete dynamical model, we derive a variational description of the corresponding continuum population density. Equilibrium solutions are extrema of an energy functional and satisfy a Fredholm integral equation. We find conditions for the extrema to be local minimizers, global minimizers, and minimizers with respect to infinitesimal Lagrangian displacements of mass. In one spatial dimension, for a variety of exogenous forces, endogenous forces, and domain configurations, we find exact analytical expressions for the equilibria. These agree closely with numerical simulations of the underlying discrete model. The exact solutions provide a sampling of the wide variety of equilibrium configurations possible within our general swarm modeling framework. The equilibria typically are compactly supported and may contain delta-concentrations or jump discontinuities at the edge of the support. We apply our methods to a model of locust swarms, which in nature are observed to consist of a concentrated population on the ground separated from an airborne group. Our model can reproduce this configuration; quasi-two-dimensionality of the model plays a critical role.}}, Author = {Bernoff, Andrew J. and Topaz, Chad M.}, Date-Added = {2011-07-16 10:32:58 -0500}, Date-Modified = {2011-07-16 10:33:50 -0500}, Journal = {SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Sys.}, Keywords = {swarm; equilibrium; aggregation; integrodifferential equation; variational model; energy; minimizer; locust}, Number = {1}, Pages = {212-250}, Title = {A Primer of Swarm Equilibria}, Volume = {10}, Year = {2011}, Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/100804504%7D}} @comment{BibDesk Static Groups{ group name Chemotaxis keys KelSeg1971,Rit2004,KelSeg1970,NagIke1991,HilPot2004,KanKolWar2007,Hor2003,Kow2005,HilPai2009 group name Locusts keys RogMatDes2003,TopBerLog2008,Jof1997,EdeWatGru1998,AppHei1999,AnsRogOtt2009,WilThoBla2002,PenSim2009,SkaPopRof1990,WalRai1951,Alb1967,DesColSim2000,DesSim2000,BuhSumCou2006,RoeSim1994,Wal1972,SimDesHag2001,BraDjiFay2006,SimMcCHag1999,Uva1977,HolChe1996,Ell1953,Bel2005,Ken1951,Rai1989,ColDesSim1998,Uva1966 group name MT_2011 keys JiLi2005,BerDolYan2004,ZhoZha2002,LiuWenLee1997,JiLi2006,ZhoMu2010,YanEps2004,Ngo2005,YanDolZha2002,VolRom1995,EpsBerDol2008,LiuPan2010,ZhoZha2001,KytKasBar2007,YanEps2003,NakMik2010,Sil2000 }}