1. The estimated number of people in the US that have diabetes (diagnosed or undiagnosed) is:
22 million
650,000
16 million
8.5 million
2. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hypoglycemia.
True
False
3. The new classification of diabetes is based on:
etiology
type of treatment
type of insulin
age of onset
4. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by:
insulin resistance
insulin lack
beta cell destruction
none of the above
5. A 35 year old patient comes to your clinic with newly diagnosed diabetes. Lab tests reveal no C-peptide in her blood. She has lost a lot of weight recently, despite the fact that she has been eating a lot. This patient has:
adult-onset diabetes
GDM
type 2 diabetes
type 1 diabetes
6. The hormone that is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas that raises blood glucose when levels are low is:
glucagon
epiniphrine
insulin
cortisol
7. Type 2 diabetes typically is diagnosed at a young age.
true
false
8. Which of the following tissues requires insulin for glucose entry into cells:
muscle
liver
kidney tissue
nervous tissue
9. The _______________ period is a temporary time of remission of type 1 diabetes that occurs shortly after diagnosis.
dawn
somogyi
refractory
honeymoon
10. The renal threshhold for glucose is ___________ mg/dl.
180
120
200
140
11. If blood glucose levels are marginally low before exercise, the diabetic should not exercise that day.
True
False
12. A diabetic passes out at a party you are attending. You know that she had exercised earlier in the day and hadn't eaten since. She most likely is experiencing a:
hyperglycemic episode
hypoglycemic episode
ketotic episode
none of the above
13. Blood albumin levels are an indicator of:
visceral protein stores
somatic protein stores
energy status
first two answers only
14. Nutrition assessment involves gathering information regarding the following:
historical dietary data
anthropometric measurements
biochemical (lab) analyses
all of the above
15. Which indicator of protein status is inaccurate if iron status is poor:
albumin
prealbumin
retinol binding protien
transferrin
16. Classic symptoms of type 1 diabetes include polydypsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weight gain.
true
false
17. In the progression of malnutrition, which of the following indicators would occur last:
physical signs
abnormal body functions
lack of nutrient in diet
declining stores
18. Insulin injections in the stomach area work the fastest.
true
false
19. You see a patient who has thin, dull hair and weak fingernails; therefore, you conclude that the patient:
needs further nutritional assessment before a definite conclusion can be drawn
is malnourished regarding protein
is in a state of starvation
2nd and 3rd selections only
20. Insulin promotes all but which of the following:
lipolysis
lipogenesis
protein synthesis
glucose entry into cells
21. Which of the following would be proper treatment for a hyperglycemic episode:
a dextrose IV
an injection of rapid acting insulin
a glucagon injection
ingestion of a simple carbohydrate
22. Simple sugar is never allowed on the diabetic diet.
true
false
23. The insulin pump is a good tool for achieving tight glycemic control.
true
false
24. Neuropathy refers to disease of the nerves.
true
false
25. Which of the following slows glucose absorption from the digestive tract:
fiber
fat
water
first two selections only
26. When hyperglycemia is seen following an episode of hypoglycemia, the condition is known as:
neuropathy
Cushing's syndrome
the dawn phenomenon
the somogyi phenomenon
27. When planning to exercise, a diabetic should:
strictly adhere to dietary carbohydrate restrictions
plan to exercise when insulin is peaking
take an extra injection of insulin before exercising
make sure that blood glucose is less than 300 mg/dl
28. DCCT results indicate that intensive management of diabetes reduces the risk of long term complications of DM.
true
false
29. Regular insulin is used to:
provide the diabetic with a baseline insulin level
increase blood glucose during a hypoglycemic episode
provide insulin to cover increased blood glucose associated with meals
help control blood glucose during the night
30. Diabetic neuropathy can result in gastroparesis, which increases risk of limb amputation.
true
false
31. Determination of glycosylated hemoglobin is used for:
assessing present glucose control
assessing blood glucose control for the past 3 days
assessing long-term( 2 - 4 mo) blood glucose control
adjusting daily insulin doses
32. One way oral hypoglycemic agent help to lower blood glucose is by:
decreasing the insulin sensitivity of the cell
augmenting beta cell secretion of insulin
decreasing deamination of proteins
changing the structure of teh insulin secreted by the beta cells
33. A waist-to-hip ratio of > 1 in men or > 0.8 in women is associated with an:
lower incidence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes
increased risk for obesity related diseases including type 2 diabetes
increased longevity
less than adequate fat stored and marginal nutritional status
34. The optimal range for BMI is 15 - 20.
true
false
35. A measure of somatic protein status is:
hemoglobin/hematocrit
mid-arm muscle circumference
albumin
prealbumin
36. Gestational diabetes increases a woman's chance of developing diabetes later in life.
true
false
37. In a child, recent malnutrition shows up as a :
drop in length percentile
drop in weight percentile
increase in length percentile
first two selections only
38. Which of the following is NOT and indicator of dehydration:
high urine specific gravity
high cholesterol
high BUN
high hematocrit
39. Which of the following are tests for the diagnosis for diabetes:
symptoms and a casual BG over 180 mg/dl
fasting BG over 126, repeated and confirmed on a separate day
2 hour BG in oral glucose tolerance test of over 200 mg/dl
all of the above
40. Type 1 diabetes is caused by destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas, resulting in insulin insufficiency.
true
false
41. The recommended method for diabetes diagnosis is:
oral glucose tolerance test
fasting blood glucose
post-prandial blood glucose
none of the above
42. The National Center for Health Statistics lists diabetes among the top ten leading causes of death in the US.
true
false
43. Testing for gestational diabetes is not necessary in women who:
are younger than 25 years old
are at desireable body weight
are not Hispanic, African American, or Asian
all of the above
44. If a hospitalized diabetic patient needs to miss a meal for surgery or medical tests, hypoglycemia can be prevented by increasing the insulin dose.
true
false
45. Exercise reduces exogenous insulin needs in the type 1 diabetic.
true
false
46. The cornerstone of the treatment of type 2 diabetics is the use of oral hypoglycemic agents.
true
false
47. Which of the following is a long-term complication of diabetes:
end stage renal disease
acute renal failure
nephrotic syndrome
primary renal disease
48. Ketones are a metabolic by-product of body protein catabolism.
true
false
49. Which of the following slow the progression of renal disease in the diabetic patient:
ACE inhibitors
low protein diets
intensive management
all of the above
50. Factors that seem to play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes include:
weight and heredity
liver disease
enzyme deficiencies
childhood illnesses