2000 Conference Proceedings
Go to previous article
Go to next article
Return to 2000 Table of Contents
Dueling Scanners 2000
Dueling Scanners 2000 was held at the Technology for Persons
with Disabilities (CSUN) conference on Thursday, March 23rd.
Although the session was held at 8 AM, attendance and audience
participation were high. Before beginning the actual report,
some things should be explained to those who did not attend
this session. First, the session was not as long as it has been
in previous years. This years' session lasted a bit over two
hours, rather than the three hour sessions that occurred in
previous years. Second, it should be noted that the information
contained in this report is limited to the framework provided
by the six questions as agreed upon by both of the
participating vendors and the judges.
This report receives wide circulation, and accordingly, it is
important that we present as much information as possible.
However, there is no substitute for hands-on experience with
technology, and this report should only be viewed as a source
of information, and not the only factor in making a decision.
We believe that this report may assist rehabilitation
professionals, educators, and their clients, however all of
these individuals and anyone else in the blindness field should
not only consider the data presented herein but their own
experiences and the needs of their clients.
The Vendors
The two leading vendors of Optical Character recognition
software for blind and visually impaired users were represented
by the following individuals:
Arkenstone Inc.
James Fruchterman, President
David Offen
Beth Thomlinson
Kurzweil Educational Group
David Bradburn
Stephen Baum
The Judges
Larry Skutchan, Director of Technology, American Printing house
for the Blind Louisville Kentucky.
Richard Ring, Supervisor, International Braille and Technology
Center for the Blind, National Federation of the blind
Baltimore, Maryland. As in the past, the session was ably
moderated by Dr. Peter M. Scialli of ShrinkWrap Computer
Products.
The systems used in this years Dueling Scanners were as
follows: Arkenstone brought a Pentium II 450 with 64 MB ram,
and n HP5200C scanner. Kurzweil brought a Del Pentium ii 450
with 64 MB ram, and an Epson Perfection 1200 scanner. It should
be noted that since the Epson Perfection 1200 scanner is much
faster than the HP5200C, timing issues would have been somewhat
skewed were they to be considered in this report.
Realistically, when a computer that has a processor speed of
450 MHZ or better is involved, timing issues are not a
significant factor.
The software used was, Openbook Ruby version 4.02 and Kurzweil
1000 version 5.0. Arkenstone’s entry is an improved
release of the Ruby 4.0 software shown last year.
Kurzweil’s entry was released as a major new version the
day prior to Dueling Scanners.
The session began with a discussion of those features that
allow the respective software packages to be used by novice
computer users. This discussion raises an issue which we feel
is one of the most critical when speaking of optical character
recognition/reading systems. The significance of this question
cannot be over-emphasized, since for many of the individuals
who are using this kind of software, its operation will be
their first exposure to computers.
Installation
Kesi described the ease of installation that they felt their
product possessed. We agree that the installation process is
fairly straightforward, and that it could easily be
accomplished by a novice user. In fact, both K1000 and Openbook
Ruby are quite simple to install, and if the user wishes to do
so, he/she can accept the default installation offered by each
program. Kurzweil1000 will, if no user intervention is
forthcoming, install itself. Kurzweil also pointed out that if
desired, K1000 could be installed so that it would start when
the computer was booted up. This would be useful only if the
computer would not be required for any tasks other than
scanning and reading. Both programs provide the user with
software-based text-to-speech engines that require a sound
card. Kurzweil1000 comes with both Flextalk and RealSpeak.
Openbook is furnished with IBM’s Via Boice Out Loud
software.. Both products support the use of hardware
synthesizers by taking advantage of the "SSIL" (speech
synthesizer interface library) standard which was developed by
Arkenstone. During its installation, Kurzweil will
automatically detect the presence of any Sapi compliant
text-to-speech engines one may have on a computer system, and
therefore the user can easily switch from one synthesizer to
another. Openbook, during its setup, permits the end-user to
customize the program so that synthesizers may be selected from
a list of several dozen currently available speech
synthesizers.. The advantage here is that the product need not
be reinstalled if a new voice synthesizer is employed sometime
after Ruby’s initial installation.
Once the respective software packages are installed, what
provisions a re made to accommodate the first time computer
user? Kurzweil addressed this issue first, and many of their
points are well taken. They stated that one of the challenges
facing a novice user is becoming accustomed to hearing
documents read with synthesized speech. This is a serious
issue, it has been our experience that computer systems are
often found wanting by beginning users based solely on the
quality of the speech. Kurzweil pointed out that with the
introduction of "RealSpeak" in version 5.0 of their software,
they believed that they have provided a far more listener
friendly experience for the novice user. It is difficult to
comment here, because, though "RealSpeak" has many qualities
that make it sound somewhat more human than any other software
speech synthesizers, it is extremely difficult to know what
someone else's listening experience will be like. The
"RealSpeak" voice is based on actual recorded segments of human
speech rather than the traditional method of generating
synthesized speech which uses the sounds of vowels and
consonants (phonemes)in order to produce speech. The fact of
the matter is, the only way in which one can determine just how
a new user would adapt to a specific software speech system is
to allow them to hear it and become familiar with its
particular cadences and rhythms
Kurzweil 1000 has made it easy to use the manual as a tool for
instruction. When the user brings up the on-line manual, he/she
can access a list of bookmarks, which, to the user, is just as
if he/she were reading the "table of contents". All one then
has to do is to use the arrow keys to find the particular topic
of interest, and press "enter". It is true that the majority of
users will probably not read very much of the manual, but it is
furnished, we believe, in a format that allows for quick
reference.
Openbook Ruby and Kurzweill1000 provide, upon request, Braille
versions of their documentation. Openbook provides their manual
on cassette, on the software cd, and on line. However, with
Openbook Ruby, it is not as easy to quickly locate the specific
topic one wishes to obtain information about when reading the
full text manual. There is no list of specific topics that a
user can scroll through. However, there is a quick command
reference provided from within the program and in a braille
document included with the software package. Kesi does not
furnish their manual on cassette, and we believe this is
something that they should consider, because, unfortunately
there are far too many blind and visually impaired persons who
do not know Braille.
Kesi also furnishes a 17 key key pad, and the product can be
used with a "game" controller as well. If a "game controller"
pad is used, there will be fewer keys, and, correspondingly,
fewer functions available to the user. Another feature that we
feel is beneficial is the "help and status" function. By
pressing the "help and status" key, and then pressing the key
one wants help on, the user can obtain either a short or long
help message pertaining to the key that has been pressed. This
is, in one sense, a context sensitive mini-tutorial to learn
the product as you go, which when it comes to computers is
probably the best way to become familiar with software and its
functions.
Openbook Ruby also provides several methods for obtaining
context-sensitive help that will allow the user to learn not
only the keys required to perform routine tasks, but also a way
to quickly gain access to further information. When one presses
the "help" key, the "dash" key on the numeric keypad, a message
will be spoken telling the user something about the movement
keys and other important keys. After hearing this message, a
user can choose to either close the help system, or to explore
further help topics.
Openbook also provides a "key describer" mode which, when
active, will allow a user to press any key and hear a brief
message describing its function.
Two important factors that distinguish K1000's appeal to the
novice user are: the products "auto name" feature, and its
"auto load" feature. A novice computer user tends to have no
concept of files, folders and subfolders. Even the idea of
naming files (or, for that matter, the need to do so) is beyond
many who have just begun to use computers.
The Kurzweil1000 will automatically give each scanned document
a name, usually consisting of its first line. This means that
the beginner need not be concerned with the naming of files,
and though a user might well decide fairly quickly that the
ability to name files is a useful thing to know, he/she need
not be concerned over much about this until he/she becomes more
comfortable with computer use. Arkenstone addresses the file
naming issue in an entirely different manner. With Openbook
Ruby, the user need never name a file, so long as he/she is
aware of the fact that unless some file name is chosen, all
material scanned will be saved in a file called "untitled.ark",
which will, unless the user learns to name files, be the only
file that contains the scanned documents. Although, in a sense,
it accomplishes the same goal, e.g. eliminating the need for
the user to understand file and folder naming conventions, we
believe that Kurzweil 1000 has come up with a better way to
deal with this issue. Another feature that is available to a
novice Kurzweil1000 user is "autoload". When "Autoload is
enabled, all of the files that were opened during a given
Kurzweil1000 session will be opened again during the next
session. This means that a user who is not aware of how to name
and open files will not have to do so. Arkenstone’s
approach is to make quickly available the five most recently
read or created documents, some or all of which may be selected
from a File menu. For the novice user who is interested in only
scanning and reading, Arkenstone discussed a solution that
might well be worth consideration: Arkenstone sells a software
version of "Vera" (Very Easy Reading appliance) which is the
same software that is running on Arkenstone's stand-alone
reading machines. The next question discussed was how both
products deal with the issue of file formatting and saving.
Both products provide the ability to set up launchable
applications, that is, programs that can be started from within
Openbook Ruby or Kurzweil1000. Kurzweil1000 allows the user to
set up such choices at any time from within the program itself,
while with Openbook Ruby, this is done during installation. If,
at any time, a user of Openbook Ruby wishes to alter the list
of launchable applications, he/she must insert the Openbook
Ruby CD and use a setup program to add them.
Open Book Ruby and Kurzweil1000 both allow the user to specify
that an open document be passed to certain launchable
applications in a specific file format automatically, e.g.
Microsoft Word. Both programs allow the user to save files in a
number of file formats quite easily from the "save as" item on
the file menu. Kurzweil1000 has 140 possible file formats, but
only a short list of these formats will be shown unless the
user specifies that he/she will require a more detailed list.
Most users will never need all of the file formats that
Kurzweil1000 provides, but for those who do, they are there.
Both products will save files in the most common formats such
as Microsoft Word, Corel Word Perfect and ASCII text to name
but a few. The process of saving files in a format that can be
used by other applications is, we believe, straight-forward in
both Openbook Ruby and Kurzweil1000, We believe that the
ability to not only launch a specific application but to pass
an open document to that application in the proper format is an
excellent feature and we are pleased to see it in both
products. It should also be noted that one of Kurzweil1000's
new features is the ability to automatically back-translate a
Grade II Braille file. This means that if a file is imported
into the Kurzweil1000 with an extension of "brl", "brf" or
"bfm", Kurzweil1000 will recognize such a file as a grade II
Braille file, and back-translate the file into ordinary text.
Similarly, when one opens a PDF file with K1000, the system
extracts the text from the document and makes reading it very
easy.
The Vendor Documents
All that has been discussed thus far in this report is worth
considering, but for those of us who use Optical Character
Recognition on a daily basis, the most important issues involve
the ability of each of these packages to accurately recognize
text. The vendors of both products brought documents that they
believed would best highlight the strengths of each package.
Arkenstone brought a magazine article which featured a mixture
of text and graphics. This is a good test of any OCR package,
because numerous magazine articles will present such pages. In
this instance, the document that Arkenstone used in its test
featured text that was part of a photograph of a well-known
political figure. This particular piece of text was displayed
on the political figures thigh. Openbook Ruby was able to read
this page in a sensible and logical order. Kurzweil did not do
quite as well, it was unable to discern the text that was part
of the photograph. Kurzweil Educational Group brought a
document which would highlight one of Kurzweil1000's new
features, the ability to read tables one cell at a time. This
is an exciting new feature, and when the document was scanned,
Kurzweil1000 did an admirable job reading the table. The table
presented computer & electronic information, and
Kurzweil1000 spoke headings and cell data logically and
efficiently. This resulted in the first round of applause heard
during the session. When Arkenstone's turn came to scan this
document however, we were quite surprised by the results.
Though Arkenstone's Openbook Ruby edition does not formally
support table recognition, Ruby did amazingly well when it came
to reading this document. We must emphasize here that Ruby did
not render the document as well as Kurzweil1000, but Ruby
presented the tabular data in a logical and understandable
manner.
Documents furnished by Judges
During this year's session, because of time constraints, only
one document furnished by the judges was scanned. This document
was an advertisement for an electronic door system called, the
"Out Door". It presented a challenge, in that it consisted of
several fonts, and its data was presented in a tabular format.
Again, the results were surprising. Both products rendered a
fairly readable version of the document, but it must be said
that Openbook Ruby did an extremely good job when we consider
that it doesn't currently support the explicit reading of
tables. In fact, Kurzweil’s table reading mode was
slightly fooled into including some surrounding text as part of
a table heading. It should be pointed out, however, that
reading structures like tables is a somewhat subjective task,
and even some humans can be fooled by some table formats.
Low Vision Considerations
Both of these products incorporate features designed to
accommodate users with low vision. Though both contain a rich
set of features, we believe that Openbook Ruby provides a
slightly better set of functions to make the use of their
software easier for those with low vision. Openbook Ruby
includes such features as "Exact View" which preserves the page
just as it was scanned. This feature, allows the low vision
user to see not only the text from a scanned document, but any
graphic present on the page as well. Both the text and graphics
may be magnified in Exact View mode. Openbook Ruby also allows
the user to determine how much text is displayed on a screen.
One can have as little as one line of text, or three quarters
of a screen. In conjunction with this feature, Ruby allows the
user to not only increase the font size, adjust foreground and
background colors, but to increase and decrease the spacing
between such elements as characters, words, and sentences. The
preferred font as well as its size can also be changed.
Kurzweil 1000 also gives the user the ability to magnify text
on the screen, highlight the text as it is spoken, and it
allows the user to change the default font as well as its size.
The highlight color and the block color can also be changed. We
should add here that both of the judges are totally blind, and
we base our opinion of the low vision features upon the number
of features and the manner in which the features can be
combined and varied.
Braille Production
Both programs provide a way to scan a document and produce
grade II Braille. Both products permit the entire process to be
accomplished quickly with just a few keystrokes. Kurzweil1000
incorporates a Braille Translation program derived from
NFBtrans, a public domain Braille translation package
originally developed by the National Federation of the Blind.
Once your Braille embosser has been set up and is functioning
under Windows, Kurzzweil1000 can translate and emboss scanned
documents. Of course, this method does not yield perfectly
formatted Braille, but if quick and dirty Braille will suffice,
this method streamlines the process of taking scanned documents
and translating them into Braille. Openbook Ruby, on the other
hand, is supplied with "Turbo Braille" another freeware Braille
translation program, however, it is not automatically installed
along with Openbook and therefore it must be installed
manually. The manual installation of Turbo Braille does permit
some ability to tailor the braille output to specific embosser
models. For ideally formatted braille, however, it is probably
best to consider the purchase of a full featured braille
translator as an addition to either reading system. Openbook
Ruby will, during its installation process, detect the presence
of the major Braille translation products such as "Duxbury" and
"Megadots" and will include these products in its list of
launchable applications. In contrast to Kurzweil’s
approach, to translate a document into Braille with Ruby, a
Braille translation program must be launched and the document
in question translated and embossed. Braille translation
programs such as the included Turbo Braille or the commercially
available Megadots make it possible to automate the process
such that simply launching one of these from Ruby can result in
immediate translation and embossing. K1000 will, of course,
permit third party braille translators to be launched as
well.
Multi-Language Support
Both Kurzweil1000 and Openbook support numerous recognition
languages. However, as demonstrated at Dueling Scanners 1999,
Kurzweil1000 is unique in its ability to automatically detect
languages and load the appropriate text-to-speech engine and
read the language detected. Openbook can currently recognize
fourteen languages, and it is furnished with a number of
text-to-speech engines (the six speech synthesizer languages
included are part of the ViaVoice Out loud set of languages
Openbook cannot automatically detect the language being
scanned, nor can it switch from one text-to-speech engine to
another without human intervention. Neither product will
automatically install more than one speech engine, if other
languages are required, the respective text-to-speech engines
must be installed manually.
The Future
The final question dealt with what the respective vendors felt
was possible in the future for their products. Kurzweil spoke
of the possibility of using digital cameras in order to scan
documents, improved speech recognition, and the possibility of
instantaneous translation from one language to another.
Arkenstone talked of a time when the Internet and most software
applications will be completely integrated. They discussed the
availability of more free tools, e.g. freeware and software, as
well as the ability to interface software with devices that
have been designed with accessibility in mind.
Conclusions
It is a tremendous opportunity to attend and judge the Dueling
Scanner sessions. Those who attend and even the vendors can
learn from the sessions, and a good deal of information is
presented. However, when the smoke has cleared, with what are
we left? Both of these products are well thought out and well
designed. They both provide an excellent solution for
professionals and home users alike when it comes to Optical
Character recognition. However, how does one make an informed
decision as to which of these two products will suit the needs
of the individuals who will require them? Let us look carefully
at some of the features provided by both products. It is beyond
the scope of this report to list all of the features contained
in each of these programs, but if features are your primary
concern, it is clear that Kurzweil1000 has a greater array of
features designed to enhance the overall scanning and reading
experience. We have mentioned many of these features, however
we should like to point out that we have only scratched the
surface. For example, with Kurzweil1000, one can use its
"document summary" function to create a summary of any scanned
document. Kurzweil1000 also provides voice recognition,
meaning, that some of the commands that one would most
frequently use within the product can be spoken and understood
by K1000 provided a microphone is properly installed. Kurzweil
is also furnished with two complete optical character
recognition engines. The first of these is the RTK developed by
Expervision, and "Fine Engine" a product of Abeyy. Having two
recognition engines is quite useful, in that one can improve
the results of a scan by determining which of the respective
engines provides the most accurate rendition of a given
document.
Kurzweil1000 allows the user to not only create bookmarks in a
document, but to annotate them with text, thus allowing the
user to create their own "margin notes" for a document. This
feature when combined with the document summarization make
Kurzweil1000 not only a good tool for scanning and reading, but
an excellent study assistant as well. One feature particularly
interesting, especially to an expert user is Kurzweil’s
ability to scan a page without actually switching to the
program. It accomplishes this by assigning a hot key that the
user can press from any place to scan the next page on the
scanner. This allows a user to scan while performing other
tasks on the PC. However, though the current version of
Openbook Ruby does not contain nearly as many features as does
the current release of Kurzweil1000, there are many who would
never use this vast array of features. Optical character
recognition is still the most important factor to be considered
when choosing these products, and as in the past, the results
of this year's Dueling Scanners session are far too close to
call. Therefore, in order to make an accurate assessment of
these products, one must consider what features will be used by
a client. Both programs are equipped with a spell checker, a
dictionary, and a thesaurus. It should be noted that the
Kurzweil1000 spell checking function does provide one feature
that we feel is essential if such a tool is to be used
effectively, and that is the ability to read misspelled words
in context.
Openbook Ruby provides a set of low vision functions that we
feel slightly exceeds those furnished with the Kurzweil1000.
Therefore, it might be important to choose one product over
another when considering the needs of the low vision user.
However, the user may well appreciate such things as
Kurzweil1000's ability to automatically apply a set of
corrections to a document, and the ability, in version 5.0, to
have multiple corrections files that can be used with different
documents e.g. one for Spanish documents, and one for English
documents. Such a feature can also be quite useful for those in
professions where a good deal of "jargon" is routinely scanned,
e.g. when the product is used by persons employed by government
agencies and other professions where what is scanned may not
appear to be actual words, when in fact there are no errors. In
order to make a final decision about these products, one must
determine what the needs of the individuals are, and what type
of documents they will need to read. Once having determined the
type of documents that will be required by a client, the next
step is to attempt to scan and read the documents in question,
using both of these products. Since both products offer a
"demonstration" version of their software, we urge any and all
prospective purchasers to acquire such a demo and put the
software through its paces. Only after such a detailed and
careful comparison can a good decision be made. Both products
carry the same price tag, $995, (although if Kurzweil1000 is
purchased with the optional Dectalk Access32 software, the
price is somewhat higher) and both products do a similar job
when it comes to recognition. We have attempted in this
document to mention as many features and shortcomings as we
could, the rest is up to you, those of you who will be making
purchase decisions for yourselves or your clients. Compare the
features included with the products with the features that you
need, be certain that you are able to scan and read the kinds
of documents you will need, and then purchase the product you
feel will most fit your needs or the needs of your clients!
Though we have not declared a clear winner, we feel that we
have, as was our goal, provided a good place to start, the rest
should be up to you!
Below, please find the responses from the two vendors whose
products participated in Dueling Scanners 2000. We have asked
them to comment or expand upon any issues raised in the above
report. They have been asked only to comment upon their own
system and not to attempt to elaborate on conclusions drawn
about the competing product.
Dueling Scanners 2000 - Response from L&H Kurzweil
Educational Systems.
Just a few comments:
1. While timing issues were not measured at Dueling Scanners,
it may interest readers of this report to know that we timed
Kurzweil 1000 using both the Epson 1200u (which we used) and
the HP 5200 that Arkenstone used. We measured a scan time of 10
seconds using the Epson and 21 seconds using the HP.
2. With regards to speech synthesizers, the report states that
Kurzweil 1000 automatically detects the presence of any SAPI
compliant TTS engines one may have on a PC during installation.
Actually, Kurzweil 1000 determines which SAPI or DAPI speech
synthesizers are installed each and every time you run the
program. The customer can then select which speech engine or
engines to use within the product itself. We believe this to be
an easier approach than that employed by Openbook.
3. The report makes reference to the absence of a manual on
cassette for Kurzweil 1000. Actually, we do have a product
tutorial on tape that is shipped to all new customers. Since
our manual is very large, we found the better solution was to
include the manual online with bookmarks placed wherever
headings or new chapters occurred. A beginner can get started
with the taped tutorial, and then refer to a vertical list of
topics in the on-line manual when they need more detailed
information.
4. The reporting of how the table document was handled by the
respective products was not complete. We noted, as did others
in the audience, that Openbook stopped reading half way through
the table and announced there was no more text left to read.
Furthermore, it should be noted that Openbook was not left to
read the table continuously; rather it was being manually
operated to speak word by word. Kurzweil 1000 on the other hand
read the table continuously with row and column header
information being announced for each cell being read. Our new
table feature also allows the user to navigate in any direction
through the cells of a table, and speak the appropriate header
information at any point. 5. In the section regarding
multi-language support, no information was provided as to the
number of languages supported by Kurzweil 1000. The present
release of Kurzweil 1000 supports 58 languages for recognition,
and includes text-to-speech (TTS) for 8 languages. This
compares to the quoted 14 languages and 6 language TTS quoted
for Openbook. This concludes our comments on the report. In
closing, we would like to thank the judges for their hard work
writing up this well written, detailed report. Sincerely,
David Bradburn and Stephen Baum
L&H Kurzweil Educational Systems Group
Burlington, MA
Arkenstone Dueling Scanners Response
2000
Jim Fruchterman
As always, it was a delight and an honor to participate in the
Dueling Scanners session at CSUN this year. The efforts of the
judges and organizer are greatly appreciated, as are their
efforts to provide a fair forum for the exchange of important
information about the latest innovations in reading technology
for people with visual impairments. Arkenstone takes seriously
its responsibilities to abide by the rules of the session. In
particular, Arkenstone followed the agreed-upon equipment
guidelines by bringing the HP scanner that was specified by the
organizers, rather than one of the faster scanners we support.
We are continuing to follow those guidelines by complying with
the judges' specific request to focus our remarks solely on our
own products.
Arkenstone is exclusively focused on the success of our users
with our reading products. Our goal is for every user, novice
or experienced user, to sit down with our product and have high
quality, high productivity access to printed material. We want
our users to press a single button and have our system do the
right thing automatically. We believe that potential users
trying out their own documents will generally find that our
Open Book works great for them in all the areas they care
about: ease of learning, accuracy and speed, quality of
interface and features, and service and support. From our
inception, we have always made the same recommendation: try out
our systems for yourself. We encourage potential users download
or request our fully functional evaluation version. I think
that dedication to our user explains our continuing track
record as the number one reading system in the world.
The report does a good job of communicating our strengths. On
real world documents, Open Book does a great job. Our unique
hybrid recognition engine does a great job of recognizing pages
quickly and accurately. Our user interface offers both a simple
keypad interface for beginners as well as a Windows-standard
interface for maximum usability. We include the full manual on
tape with every shipment because that is what most users tell
us they want. We also have documentation in large print, in
Braille, and on disk.
In the area of low vision features, we'd like to point out
that Open Book's Exact View is useful not only because it
provides a picture of the original page, including all graphics
and original layout, but especially because the Exact View is
linked to the Text View. This means the low-vision user can
switch back and forth from Exact View to Text View and not lose
his/her place. Both views are synchronized to provide
simultaneous visual and verbal feedback. Each word is
highlighted as it is spoken. Both views can also be magnified
without breaking the link between them. This feature is also
useful for trainers and teachers.
In the area of multi-lingual support, Open Book has been fully
translated into more than ten languages. Our international
users appreciate Arkenstone's commitment to providing them the
same high quality product in their preferred language that
English speaking users experience in English.
Our commitment extends to the future as well. I'm personally
very excited about the new innovations we're working on for the
next generation of Open Book. My commitment, and the commitment
of the Arkenstone team, is to provide the best and most usable
reading systems in the world, as measured by consumers. I
invite you to test that commitment personally!
Jim Fruchterman
President, Arkenstone, Inc.
Go to previous article
Go to next article
Return to 2000 Table of Contents
Return to Table of
Proceedings
Reprinted with author(s) permission. Author(s) retain copyright.