Peloponnesian Wars…
- causes:

o Delian League- organized by Athens to defend Ionia and Aegan from Persia. Athens protects for $.
    o Athens and Sparta had been fighting& agreed to have a truce
    o 445 bce: Thirty Years' Treaty: uneasy
    o 433 bce: Athens becomes allies with Corcyra (Corinth colony)& fight breaks out/ Athens violate the treaty
    o Sparta accuses them of aggression and threaten a war
    o Pericles (leader in Athens) refuses to back downÆ diplomatic talks fail
    o 431 bce: Thebes (Spartan side) attacks Plataea (Athen side)Æ war begins

- Archidamian
o First 10 years of the war. Stand still.

oSparta attacks Atticus yearly and returns to harvest fields. Athens has control on the Sea and can import resources. Protected by long walls.

- Scilian Expedition/Disaster
    o Sparta is secure from invasion, but depends on Sicily for supplies

o Athenians decide if the control Syracruse (the chief city of Sicily), Sparta will fall.

o Athens sends 27,000 soldiers and uses almost all of the treasury.

o Athens is betrayed by Alcibiades, a general, and Spartan allies attack Athenian fleet 431 bce

o Disaster leaves Athens almost powerless; no money, loss if men, no ships for navy.

- Decelean
    o Sparta occupies the town of Decelea & use Persian money (from a treaty with King Darius II Nothus) to build a navy
    o Athens had lost many war leaders & appoint 10 "wise men" to give advice
    o Athens takes isle of Samos and begin to take Chios and Miletus & Spartans take over isle of Rhodes
    o Provoke revolutions against Athens in Ionia
    o Spartans cut off grain supply to Athens by moving the war from Ionia to Euboea to Hellespont& defeated by Athens at Cynossema
    o Sparta proposes: both sides keep the cities they controlled, give up garrisons in enemy territory, and give back each others' prisoners & Athens refuses war at a standstill
    o Athens surrenders